{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T06:23:31Z","timestamp":1785911011933,"version":"3.56.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783319444208","type":"print"},{"value":"9783319444215","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-44421-5_20","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,13]],"date-time":"2016-08-13T15:01:17Z","timestamp":1471100477000},"page":"253-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Beyond Bitcoin Enabling Smart Government Using Blockchain Technology"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Svein","family":"\u00d8lnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"20_CR1","unstructured":"Andreessen, M.: Why Bitcoin matters. New York Times, 21 January 2014"},{"key":"20_CR2","volume-title":"Roadmapping e-Government Research: Visions and Measures Towards Innovative Governments in 2020","author":"C Codagnone","year":"2007","unstructured":"Codagnone, C., Wimmer, M.A.: Roadmapping e-Government Research: Visions and Measures Towards Innovative Governments in 2020. Guerinoni Marco & Co., Clusone (2007)"},{"issue":"3","key":"20_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6210.2009.01987_2.x","volume":"69","author":"SS Dawes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dawes, S.S., Cresswell, A.M., Pardo, T.A.: From \u2018need to know\u2019 to \u2018need to share\u2019: tangled problems, information boundaries, and the building of public sector knowledge networks. Pub. Adm. Rev. 69(3), 392\u2013402 (2009)","journal-title":"Pub. Adm. Rev."},{"key":"20_CR4","volume-title":"Trends in Global Higher Education: Tracking an Academic Revolution","author":"PG Altbach","year":"2009","unstructured":"Altbach, P.G., Reisberg, L., Rumbley, L.E.: Trends in Global Higher Education: Tracking an Academic Revolution. UNESCO Pub. Sense, Paris (2009)"},{"issue":"2","key":"20_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.29.2.213","volume":"29","author":"R B\u00f6hme","year":"2015","unstructured":"B\u00f6hme, R., Christin, N., Edelman, B., Moore, T.: Bitcoin: economics, technology, and governance. J. Econ. Perspect. 29(2), 213\u2013238 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Econ. Perspect."},{"issue":"2012","key":"20_CR6","first-page":"28","volume":"1","author":"S Nakamoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nakamoto, S.: Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Consulted 1(2012), 28 (2008)","journal-title":"Consulted"},{"key":"20_CR7","volume-title":"Mastering Bitcoin - Unlocking Digital Cryptocurrencies","author":"AM Antonopoulos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Antonopoulos, A.M.: Mastering Bitcoin - Unlocking Digital Cryptocurrencies. O\u2019Reilly Media, San Francisco (2014)"},{"issue":"9","key":"20_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1145\/2701411","volume":"58","author":"A Zohar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zohar, A.: Bitcoin: under the hood. Commun. ACM 58(9), 104\u2013113 (2015)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"20_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/1600910X.2013.870083","volume":"15","author":"H Karlstr\u00f8m","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karlstr\u00f8m, H.: Do libertarians dream of electric coins? The material embeddedness of Bitcoin. Distinktion: Scand. J. Soc. Theory 15(1), 23\u201336 (2014)","journal-title":"Distinktion: Scand. J. Soc. Theory"},{"key":"20_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-0602-4_18","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology","author":"D Chaum","year":"1983","unstructured":"Chaum, D.: Blind signatures for untraceable payments. In: Chaum, D., Rivest, R.L., Sherman, A.T. (eds.) Advances in Cryptology, pp. 199\u2013203. Springer, New York (1983)"},{"key":"20_CR11","unstructured":"Back, A.: Hash cash: a partial hash collision based postage scheme (2001). http:\/\/www.hashcash.org"},{"key":"20_CR12","unstructured":"Dai, W.: B-money. Consulted, vol. 1 (1998)"},{"key":"20_CR13","unstructured":"Szabo, N.: Bit gold. Website\/Blog (2008)"},{"issue":"3","key":"20_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1145\/357172.357176","volume":"4","author":"L Lamport","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lamport, L., Shostak, R., Pease, M.: The Byzantine generals problem. ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. (TOPLAS) 4(3), 382\u2013401 (1982)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. (TOPLAS)"},{"key":"20_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gervais, A., Capkun, V., Capkun, S., Karame, G.O.: Is Bitcoin a decentralized currency? (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2014.49"},{"key":"20_CR16","volume-title":"Applied Cryptography-Protocols, Algorithms, and\u2026.","author":"B Schneier","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schneier, B.: Applied Cryptography-Protocols, Algorithms, and\u2026. Wiley, New York (1994)"},{"key":"20_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briner, R.B., Denyer, D.: Systematic review and evidence synthesis as a practice and scholarship tool. In: Handbook of Evidence-based Management: Companies, Classrooms and Research, pp. 112\u2013129 (2012)","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199763986.013.0007"},{"key":"20_CR18","unstructured":"Scholl, H.J.: e-Government Reference Library (EGRL) version 10.5. University of Washington (2015)"},{"key":"20_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scott, B.: Bitcoin Academic Research. The Heretic\u2019s Guide to Global Finance: Hacking the Future of Money, 30 December 2014","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt183p6vb"},{"key":"20_CR20","volume-title":"Case Study Research: Design and Methods","author":"RK Yin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yin, R.K.: Case Study Research: Design and Methods. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks (2013)"},{"key":"20_CR21","unstructured":"Kazan, E., Tan, C.-W., Lim, E.T.: Towards a Framework of Digital Platform Disruption: A Comparative Study of Centralized & Decentralized Digital Payment Providers (2014)"},{"issue":"1","key":"20_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2009.19","volume":"25","author":"O Hanseth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hanseth, O., Lyytinen, K.: Design theory for dynamic complexity in information infrastructures: the case of building internet. J. Inf. Technol. 25(1), 1\u201319 (2010)","journal-title":"J. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"20_CR23","unstructured":"Wood, D.G.: Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger. Ethereum (2014)"},{"key":"20_CR24","unstructured":"Poon, J., Dryja, T.: The Bitcoin lightning network: scalable off-chain instant payments. Technical report (draft) (2015). https:\/\/lightning.network"},{"key":"20_CR25","unstructured":"Back, A., Corallo, M., Dashjr, L., Friedenbach, M., Maxwell, G., Miller, A., Poelstra, A., Tim\u00f3n, J., Wuille, P.: Enabling blockchain innovations with pegged sidechains (2014). http:\/\/www.opensciencereview.com\/papers\/123\/enablingblockchain-innovations-with-pegged-sidechains"},{"key":"20_CR26","unstructured":"Rosenfeld, M.: Overview of colored coins. White paper, bitcoil.co.il (2012)"},{"key":"20_CR27","unstructured":"Ali, M., Nelson, J., Shea, R., Freedman, M.J.: Blockstack: design and implementation of a global naming system with blockchains"},{"issue":"2","key":"20_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86197","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086197","volume":"9","author":"D Kondor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kondor, D., P\u00f3sfai, M., Csabai, I., Vattay, G.: Do the rich get richer? An empirical analysis of the Bitcoin transaction network. PLoS ONE 9(2), e86197 (2014)","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"20_CR29","unstructured":"Edwards, P.N., Jackson, S.J., Bowker, G.C., Knobel, C.P.: Report of a workshop on \u201chistory & theory of infrastructure: lessons for new scientific cyberinfrastructures\u201d. In: Understanding Infrastructure: Dynamics, Tensions, and Designs (2007)"},{"key":"20_CR30","volume-title":"Leveraging the New Infrastructure","author":"P Weil","year":"1998","unstructured":"Weil, P., Broadbent, M.: Leveraging the New Infrastructure. Harvard Business School Press, Boston (1998)"},{"key":"20_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Croman, K., Decker, C., Eyal, I., Gencer, A.E., Juels, A., Kosba, A., Miller, A., Saxena, P., Shi, E., G\u00fcn, E.: On scaling decentralized blockchains. In: Proceedings of 3rd Workshop on Bitcoin and Blockchain Research (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53357-4_8"},{"key":"20_CR32","volume-title":"Research Handbook on Digital Transformations","author":"M Pilkington","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pilkington, M.: Blockchain technology: principles and applications. In: Olleros, F.X., Zhegu, M. (eds.) Research Handbook on Digital Transformations. Edward Elgar, Northampton (2016)"},{"key":"20_CR33","unstructured":"University of Nicosia: Academic Certificates on the Blockchain, M.Sc. in Digital Currency - University of Nicosia (2014). http:\/\/digitalcurrency.unic.ac.cy\/certificates. Accessed 01 July 2015"},{"key":"20_CR34","unstructured":"Ness, B.: Tilkoplet - En fortelling om Internett og Forskningsnettet i Norge. Fagbokforlaget (2013)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Electronic Government"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-44421-5_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T01:07:13Z","timestamp":1699837633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-44421-5_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"ISBN":["9783319444208","9783319444215"],"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-44421-5_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 August 2016","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}