{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:43:58Z","timestamp":1750308238254,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783319585147"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783319585154"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58515-4_2","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]],"date-time":"2017-05-16T07:56:56Z","timestamp":1494921416000},"page":"12-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An AI System for Coaching Novice Programmers"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meagan","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Gooch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2_CR1","unstructured":"Snyder, N.: Universities see a sharp drop in computer science majors"},{"key":"2_CR2","unstructured":"Vesgo, J.: Interest in CS as a major drops among incoming freshman"},{"key":"2_CR3","unstructured":"Guzdial, M., Forte, A.: Design process for a non-majors computing course"},{"key":"2_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1145\/505248.505261","volume":"45","author":"M Guzdial","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guzdial, M., Soloway, E.: Teaching the Nintendo generation to program: preparing a new strategy for teaching introductory programming. Commun. ACM 45, 17\u201321 (2002)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"2_CR5","volume-title":"Unlocking the Clubhouse: Women in Computing","author":"J Margolis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Margolis, J., Fisher, A.: Unlocking the Clubhouse: Women in Computing. MIT Press, Cambridge (2002)"},{"key":"2_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Layman, L., Williams, L., Slaten, K.: Note to self: make assignments meaningful. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, pp. 459\u2013463. ACM Press (2006)","DOI":"10.1145\/1227504.1227466"},{"issue":"2","key":"2_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.91.2.334","volume":"91","author":"J Tuovinen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tuovinen, J., Sweller, J.: A comparison of cognitive load associated with discovery learning and worked examples. J. Educ. Psychol. 91(2), 334\u2013341 (1999)","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4752(94)90003-5","volume":"4","author":"J Sweller","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory learning difficulty, and instructional design. Learn. Instr. 4(4), 295\u2013312 (1994)","journal-title":"Learn. Instr."},{"issue":"2","key":"2_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-118X(84)90018-7","volume":"2","author":"RD Pea","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pea, R.D.: Midian Kurland, D.: On the cognitive effects of learning computer programming. New Ideas Psychol. 2(2), 137\u2013168 (1984)","journal-title":"New Ideas Psychol."},{"key":"2_CR10","unstructured":"Jenkins, T.: On the difficulty of learning to program. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Conference of the LTSN Centre for Information and Computer Sciences, vol. 4 (2002)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(87)90007-7","volume":"19","author":"N Pennington","year":"1987","unstructured":"Pennington, N.: Stimulus structures and mental representations in expert comprehension of computer programs. Cogn. Psychol. 19(3), 295\u2013341 (1987)","journal-title":"Cogn. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.67.6.725","volume":"67","author":"RE Mayer","year":"1975","unstructured":"Mayer, R.E.: Different problem-solving competencies established in learning computer programming with and without meaningful models. J. Educ. Psychol. 67(6), 725 (1975)","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"2_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315808321","volume-title":"Studying the Novice Programmer","author":"E Soloway","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soloway, E., Spohrer, J.C.: Studying the Novice Programmer. Psychology Press, Hove (2013)"},{"key":"2_CR14","unstructured":"Gomes, A., Jos\u00e9 Mendes, A.: Learning to program-difficulties and solutions. In: International Conference on Engineering Education\u2013ICEE, vol. 2007 (2007)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2190\/3LFX-9RRF-67T8-UVK9","volume":"2","author":"B Du Benedict","year":"1986","unstructured":"Du Benedict, B.: Some difficulties of learning to program. J. Educ. Comput. Res. 2(1), 57\u201373 (1986)","journal-title":"J. Educ. Comput. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1145\/1151954.1067453","volume":"37","author":"E Lahtinen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lahtinen, E., Ala-Mutka, K., J\u00e4rvinen, H.-M.: A study of the difficulties of novice programmers. ACM SIGCSE Bull. 37(3), 14\u201318 (2005). ACM","journal-title":"ACM SIGCSE Bull."},{"key":"2_CR17","unstructured":"Mayer, R.E.: Teaching and learning"},{"key":"2_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, P.-H., Ting, C.-Y., Ling, S.-W.: Learning difficulties in programming courses: undergraduates\u2019 perspective and perception. In: International Conference on Computer Technology and Development, ICCTD 2009, vol. 1. IEEE (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCTD.2009.188"},{"issue":"2","key":"2_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/08993400500150747","volume":"15","author":"K Ala-Mutka","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ala-Mutka, K.: A survey of automated assessment approaches for programming assignments. Comput. Sci. Educ. 15(2), 83\u2013102 (2005)","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Educ."},{"key":"2_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ihantola, P., et al.: Review of recent systems for automatic assessment of programming assignments. In: Proceedings of the 10th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research. ACM (2010)","DOI":"10.1145\/1930464.1930480"},{"key":"2_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morris, D.S.: Automatic grading of student\u2019s programming assignments: an interactive process and suite of programs. In: Proceedings of 33rd Annual Frontiers in Education, FIE 2003, vol. 3. IEEE (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE.2003.1265998"},{"key":"2_CR22","first-page":"177","volume":"4","author":"E Califf","year":"2003","unstructured":"Califf, E.: M., Mooney, R.J.: Bottom-up relational learning of pattern matching rules for information extraction. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 4, 177\u2013210 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"2_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, B.-M., Choe, K.-M., Giacobazzi, R.: Abstract filters: improving bottom-up execution of logic programs by two-phase abstract interpretation. In: Proceedings of the 1994 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, pp. 388\u2013393. ACM Press (1994)","DOI":"10.1145\/326619.326788"},{"key":"2_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erbach, G.: Bottom-up early deduction. In: Proceedings of the 15th Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp. 796\u2013802. Association for Computational Linguistics (1994)","DOI":"10.3115\/991250.991274"},{"key":"2_CR25","unstructured":"http:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/cccc\/"},{"key":"2_CR26","unstructured":"http:\/\/sunset.usc.edu\/ucc_wp\/"},{"key":"2_CR27","unstructured":"http:\/\/msquaredtechnologies.com\/m2rsm\/rsm_demo.php"},{"key":"2_CR28","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.fb10.unibremen.de\/anglistik\/langpro\/kpml\/readme.html"},{"key":"2_CR29","unstructured":"The Boyer Commission on Educating Undergraduates: Reinventing undergraduate education: a blueprint for America\u2019s research universities (1998)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Technology in Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-58515-4_2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T16:39:41Z","timestamp":1750264781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-58515-4_2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"ISBN":["9783319585147","9783319585154"],"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-58515-4_2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 May 2017","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"LCT","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Learning and Collaboration Technologies","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Vancouver","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Canada","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2017","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"9 July 2017","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"14 July 2017","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"4","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"lct2017","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/2017.hci.international\/lct","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}