{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T20:44:02Z","timestamp":1775421842238,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783319614243","type":"print"},{"value":"9783319614250","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-61425-0_36","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T10:07:41Z","timestamp":1498126061000},"page":"430-441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Characterizing Students\u2019 Learning Behaviors Using Unsupervised Learning Methods"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Ningyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gautam","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"36_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02319858","volume":"48","author":"S Land","year":"2000","unstructured":"Land, S.: Cognitive requirements for learning with open-ended learning environments. Educ. Tech. Res. Dev. 48(3), 61\u201378 (2000)","journal-title":"Educ. Tech. Res. Dev."},{"issue":"3","key":"36_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1145\/234867.234872","volume":"28","author":"LE Winslow","year":"1996","unstructured":"Winslow, L.E.: Programming pedagogy\u2014a psychological overview. ACM SIGCSE Bull. 28(3), 17\u201322 (1996)","journal-title":"ACM SIGCSE Bull."},{"issue":"2","key":"36_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-012-9240-x","volume":"18","author":"P Sengupta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sengupta, P., et al.: Integrating computational thinking with K-12 science education using agent-based computation: a theoretical framework. Educ. Inf. Technol. 18(2), 351\u2013380 (2013)","journal-title":"Educ. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"36_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Basu, S., Biswas, G., Kinnebrew, J.S.: Learner modeling for adaptive scaffolding in a computational thinking-based science learning environment. User Model. User-Adapt. Interact. (2017). doi:\n10.1007\/s11257-017-9187-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-017-9187-0"},{"key":"36_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kinnebrew, J., Segedy, J.R., Biswas, G.: Integrating model-driven and data-driven techniques for analyzing learning behaviors in open-ended learning environments. IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol. (2017). doi:\n10.1109\/TLT.2015.2513387","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2015.2513387"},{"issue":"1","key":"36_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2015.21.3","volume":"2","author":"JR Segedy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Segedy, J.R., Kinnebrew, J.S., Biswas, G.: Using coherence analysis to characterize self-regulated learning behaviours in open-ended learning environments. J. Learn. Anal. 2(1), 13\u201348 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Learn. Anal."},{"key":"36_CR7","unstructured":"Wilensky, U.: NetLogo. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. \n            https:\/\/ccl.northwestern.edu\/netlogo\/"},{"issue":"490","key":"36_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1198\/jasa.2010.tm09415","volume":"105","author":"DM Witten","year":"2010","unstructured":"Witten, D.M., Tibshirani, R.: A framework for feature selection in clustering. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 105(490), 713\u2013726 (2010)","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"issue":"6","key":"36_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v061.i06","volume":"61","author":"M Charrad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Charrad, M., et al.: NbClust: an R package for determining the relevant number of clusters in a data set. J. Stat. Softw. 61(6), 1\u201336 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"4","key":"36_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1080\/10508406.2013.836655","volume":"22","author":"M Berland","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berland, M., et al.: Using learning analytics to understand the learning pathways of novice programmers. J. Learn. Sci. 22(4), 564\u2013599 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Learn. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"36_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-014-9424-z","volume":"45","author":"S Basu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Basu, S., Sengupta, P., Biswas, G.: A scaffolding framework to support learning of emergent phenomena using multi-agent based simulation environments. Res. Sci. Educ. 45(2), 293\u2013324 (2015)","journal-title":"Res. Sci. Educ."},{"key":"36_CR12","unstructured":"Basu, S., Biswas, G.: Providing adaptive scaffolds and measuring their effectiveness in open-ended learning environments. In: 12th International Conference of the Learning Sciences Singapore, pp. 554\u2013561 (2016)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-61425-0_36","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,27]],"date-time":"2017-10-27T05:28:42Z","timestamp":1509082122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-61425-0_36"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"ISBN":["9783319614243","9783319614250"],"references-count":12,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-61425-0_36","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}