{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T01:38:48Z","timestamp":1780105128352,"version":"3.54.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783319625140","type":"print"},{"value":"9783319625157","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-62515-7_12","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T19:43:31Z","timestamp":1546631011000},"page":"79-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Craniovertebral Junction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: State of the Art"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Angelo","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Ciccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe Roberto","family":"Giammalva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico Gerardo","family":"Iacopino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Visocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Macaluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Maugeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"12_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","volume":"388","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2016;388:2023\u201338.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"12_CR2","volume-title":"A treatise on rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis","author":"AE Garrod","year":"1890","unstructured":"Garrod AE. A treatise on rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis. London: Griffin\u2019s Medical Series; 1890."},{"key":"12_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.40","volume":"9","author":"TD Cha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cha TD, An HS. Cervical spine manifestations in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013;9:423\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"12_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6870.79","volume":"306","author":"AK Agarwal","year":"1993","unstructured":"Agarwal AK, Peppelman WC Jr, Kraus DR, Eisenbeis CH Jr. The cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis. BMJ. 1993;306:79\u201380.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"12_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1002\/anr.1780320522","volume":"32","author":"JT Halla","year":"1989","unstructured":"Halla JT, Hardin JG, Vitek J, Alarcon GS. Involvement of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1989;32:652\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"12_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199812150-00017","volume":"23","author":"MF Reiter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Reiter MF, Boden SD. Inflammatory disorders of the cervical spine. Spine. 1998;23:2755\u201366.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080429","volume":"36","author":"MJ Kauppi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kauppi MJ, Neva MH, Laiho K, Kautiainen H, Luukkainen R, Karjalainen A, et al. Rheumatoid atlantoaxial subluxation can be prevented by intensive use of traditional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(2):273\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"12_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2013.12.001","volume":"43","author":"M Grande Del","year":"2014","unstructured":"Del Grande M, Del Grande F, Carrino J, Bingham CO III, Louie GH. Cervical spine involvement early in the course of rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2014;43:738\u201344.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"12_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(90)90090-3","volume":"20","author":"J Bland","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bland J, Boushey D. Anatomy and physiology of the cervical spine. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1990;20:1\u201320.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"12_CR10","first-page":"11","volume":"58","author":"JY Caffini\u00e8re La","year":"1972","unstructured":"La Caffini\u00e8re JY, Seringe R, Roy-Camille R. \u00c9tude physiopathologique des l\u00e9sions ligamentaires graves dans les traumatismes de la charni\u00e8re occipito-rachidienne. Rev Chir Orthop. 1972;58:11\u20139.","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"key":"12_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000365854.13997.B0","volume":"66","author":"WE Krauss","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krauss WE, Bledsoe JM, Clarke MJ, Nottmeier EW, Pichelmann MA. Rheumatoid arthritis of the craniovertebral junction. Neurosurgery. 2010;66:83\u201395.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"12_CR12","first-page":"136","volume":"69","author":"BR Wasserman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wasserman BR, Moskovich R, Razi AE. Rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine\u2014clinical considerations. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis. 2011;69:136\u201348.","journal-title":"Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis"},{"key":"12_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.42.6.613","volume":"42","author":"J Winfield","year":"1983","unstructured":"Winfield J, Young A, Williams P, Corbett M. Prospective study of the radiologic changes in hands, feet, and cervical spine in adult rheumatoid disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 1983;42:613\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"12_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S1297-319X(02)00361-5","volume":"69","author":"A Bouchaud-Chabot","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bouchaud-Chabot A, Liot\u00e9 F. Cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. A review. Joint Bone Spine. 2002;69:141\u201354.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"12_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198401000-00018","volume":"182","author":"S Lipson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lipson S. Rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine. Clin Orthop. 1984;182:143\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"12_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567040-00014","volume":"67A","author":"S Lipson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lipson S. Cervical myelopathy and posterior atlanto-axial subluxations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg. 1985;67A:593\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.63.4.0500","volume":"63","author":"AH Menezes","year":"1985","unstructured":"Menezes AH, VanGilder JC, Clark CR, El-Khoury G. Odontoid upward migration in rheumatoid arthritis. An analysis of 45 patients with \u201ccranial settling\u201d. J Neurosurg. 1985;63(1):500\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"12_CR18","first-page":"130","volume":"131","author":"A Cabot","year":"1978","unstructured":"Cabot A, Becker A. The cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Orthop. 1978;131:130\u201340.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"12_CR19","first-page":"1157","volume":"51","author":"B Seignon","year":"1975","unstructured":"Seignon B, Tellart-Chaudeur MO, Gougeon J. Les lesions destructrices du rachis cervical moyen et inf\u00e9rieur au cours de la polyarthrite rhumato\u00efde. Sem H\u00f4p Paris. 1975;51:1157\u201366.","journal-title":"Sem H\u00f4p Paris"},{"key":"12_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080322","volume":"35","author":"A Gonzalez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonzalez A, Icen M, Kremers HM, et al. Mortality trends in rheumatoid arthritis: the role of rheumatoid factor. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:1009\u201314.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"12_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20316","volume":"50","author":"FA Gaalen van","year":"2004","unstructured":"van Gaalen FA, van Aken J, Huizinga TW, et al. Association between HLA class\u00a0II genes and autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCPs) influences the severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:2113\u201321.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"12_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3664","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402334","volume":"194","author":"F Anquetil","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anquetil F, Clavel C, Offer G, Serre G, Sebbag M. IgM and IgA rheumatoid factors purified from rheumatoid arthritis sera boost the Fc receptor\u2013 and complement-dependent effector functions of the disease-specific anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies. J Immunol. 2015;194:3664\u201374.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"12_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208216","volume":"75","author":"G Reynisdottir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reynisdottir G, Olsen H, Joshua V, et al. Signs of immune activation and local inflammation are present in the bronchial tissue of patients with untreated early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(9):1722\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"12_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60975","volume":"122","author":"U Harre","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harre U, Georgess D, Bang H, et al. Induction of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss by human autoantibodies against citrullinated vimentin. J Clin Investig. 2012;122:1791\u2013802.","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"12_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60784-3","volume":"370","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Koeller M, Weisman M, Emery P. New therapies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2007;370:1861\u201374.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"12_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1004965","volume":"365","author":"IB McInnes","year":"2011","unstructured":"McInnes IB, Schett G. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2205\u201319.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"12_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39235","volume":"67","author":"F Humby","year":"2015","unstructured":"Humby F, Kelly S, Hands R, et al. Use of ultrasound-guided small joint biopsy to evaluate the histopathologic response to rheumatoid arthritis therapy: recommendations for application to clinical trials. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67:2601\u201310.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"12_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00626.x","volume":"223","author":"M Feldmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Feldmann M, Maini SR. Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis: an education in pathophysiology and therapeutics. Immunol Rev. 2008;223:7\u201319.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"12_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63016-7","volume":"159","author":"AR Pettit","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pettit AR, Ji H, von Stechow D, et al. TRANCE\/RANKL knockout mice are protected from bone erosion in a serum transfer model of arthritis. Am J Pathol. 2001;159:1689\u201399.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"12_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215582","volume":"110","author":"K Redlich","year":"2002","unstructured":"Redlich K, Hayer S, Ricci R, et al. Osteoclasts are essential for TNF-\u03b1-mediated joint destruction. J Clin Investig. 2002;110:1419\u201327.","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"12_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70377-X","volume":"24","author":"BA Rawlins","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rawlins BA, Girardi FP, Boachie-Adjei O. Rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1998;24:55\u201365.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"12_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199909000-00013","volume":"366","author":"SJ Dreyer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dreyer SJ, Boden SD. Natural history of rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1999;366:98\u2013106.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"12_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199309000-00005","volume":"75","author":"HH Bohlman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bohlman HH, Emery SE, Goodfellow DB, Jones PK. Robinson anterior cervical discectomy and arthrodesis for cervical radiculopathy. Long-term follow-up of one hundred and twenty-two patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75:1298\u2013307.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"12_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2012.747625","volume":"42","author":"M Blom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blom M, Creemers MC, Kievit W, Lemmens JA, van Riel PL. Long-term follow-up of the cervical spine with conventional radiographs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2013;42:281\u20138.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-014-0486-8","volume":"17","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Nemani VM, Riew KD, Brasington R. Cervical spine disease in rheumatoid arthritis: incidence, manifestations, and therapy. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2015;17(2):9.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"12_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88970","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088970","volume":"18","author":"T Yurube","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yurube T, Sumi M, Nishida K, et al. Accelerated development of cervical spine instabilities in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective minimum 5-year cohort study. PLoS One. 2014;18:e88970.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"12_CR37","first-page":"801","volume":"32","author":"AK Zikou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zikou AK, Alamanos Y, Argyropoulou MI, Tsifetaki N, Tsampoulas C, Voulgari PV, et al. Radiological cervical spine involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross sectional study. J Rheumatol. 2005;32:801\u20136.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9802600604","volume":"26","author":"TK Kwek","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kwek TK, Lew TW, Thoo FL. The role of preoperative cervical spine X-rays in rheumatoid arthritis. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1998;26(6):636\u201341.","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"12_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199309000-00004","volume":"75","author":"SD Boden","year":"1993","unstructured":"Boden SD, Dodge LD, Bohlman HH, Rechtine GR. Rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine. A long-term analysis with predictors of paralysis and recovery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75(9):1282\u201397.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"12_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1437-y","volume":"31","author":"JK Ahn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahn JK, Hwang JW, Oh JM, Lee J, Lee YS, Jeon CH, et al. Risk factors for development and progression of atlantoaxial subluxation in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2011;31:1363\u20138.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"12_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-203","volume":"15","author":"S Sugita","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sugita S, Chikuda H, Kadono Y, Ohtsu H, Takeshita K, Nishino J, et al. Clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing cervical spine surgery: an analysis of National Database of Rheumatic Diseases in Japan. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:203.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"12_CR42","first-page":"1178","volume":"27","author":"A Zoli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zoli A, Priolo F, Galossi A, Altomonte L, Di Gregorio F, Cerase A, et al. Craniocervical junction involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and radiological study. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:1178\u201382.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"12_CR43","first-page":"1","volume":"38","author":"AF Joaquim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joaquim AF, Ghizoni E, Tedeschi H, Appenzeller S, Riew KD. Radiological evaluation of cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Neurosurg Focus. 2015;38:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"12_CR44","first-page":"468","volume":"44","author":"A Aggarwal","year":"1996","unstructured":"Aggarwal A, Kulshreshtha A, Chaturvedi V, Misra R. Cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence and relationship with overall disease severity. J Assoc Physicians India. 1996;44:468\u201371.","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"12_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961070-00006","volume":"61","author":"CS Ranawat","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ranawat CS, O\u2019Leary P, Pellicci P, et al. Cervical spine fusion in rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979;61:1003\u201310.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/028418518402500105","volume":"25","author":"I Redlund-Johnell","year":"1984","unstructured":"Redlund-Johnell I, Pettersson H. Radiographic measurements of the cranio-vertebral region. Designed for evaluation of abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1984;25(1):23\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh)"},{"key":"12_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971030-00012","volume":"71","author":"CR Clark","year":"1989","unstructured":"Clark CR, Goetz DD, Menezes AH. Arthrodesis of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989;71:381\u201392.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"12_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200102000-00006","volume":"83-A","author":"KD Riew","year":"2001","unstructured":"Riew KD, Hilibrand AS, Palumbo MA, Sethi N, Bohlman HH. Diagnosing basilar invagination in the rheumatoid patient. The reliability of radiographic criteria. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83-A:194\u2013200.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"12_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-41342","volume":"7","author":"J Tehranzadeh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tehranzadeh J, Ashikyan O, Dascalos J. Magnetic resonance imaging in early detection of rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2003;7:79\u201394.","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"12_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.165.3.7645475","volume":"165","author":"MA Stiskal","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stiskal MA, Neuhold A, Szolar DH, Saeed M, Czerny C, Leeb B, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis of the craniocervical region by MR imaging: detection and characterization. Am J Roentgenol. 1995;165:585\u201392.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"12_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.151.1.181","volume":"151","author":"C Bundschuh","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bundschuh C, Modic MT, Kearney F, Morris R, Deal C. Rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine: surface-coil MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;151:181\u20137.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"12_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050015","volume":"29","author":"M Reijnierse","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reijnierse M, Breedveld FC, Kroon HM, Hansen B, Pope TL, Bloem JL. Are magnetic resonance flexion views useful in evaluating the cervical spine of patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Skeletal Radiol. 2000;29:85\u20139.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"12_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2311021657","volume":"231","author":"LJ Kroft","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kroft LJ, Reijnierse M, Kloppenburg M, Verbist BM, Bloem JL, van Buchem MA. Rheumatoid arthritis: epidural enhancement as an underestimated cause of subaxial cervical spinal stenosis. Radiology. 2004;231:57\u201363.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"12_CR54","first-page":"1485","volume":"20","author":"A Roca","year":"1993","unstructured":"Roca A, Bernreuter WK, Alarcon GS. Functional magnetic resonance imaging should be included in the evaluation the cervical spine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1993;20(9):1485\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.144.4.7111719","volume":"144","author":"BN Weissman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Weissman BN, Aliabadi P, Weinfeld MS, et al. Prognostic features of atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Radiology. 1982;144(4):745\u201351.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"12_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196110052651405","volume":"265","author":"H Lourie","year":"1961","unstructured":"Lourie H, Stewart WA. Spontaneous atlantoaxial dislocation. A complication of rheumatoid disease. N Engl J Med. 1961;265:677\u201381.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"12_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.33.6.526","volume":"33","author":"JA Mathews","year":"1974","unstructured":"Mathews JA. Atlanto-axial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis. A 5-year follow-up study. Ann Rheum Dis. 1974;33:526\u201331.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"12_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.37.6.529","volume":"37","author":"JJ Rasker","year":"1978","unstructured":"Rasker JJ, Cosh JA. Radiological study of cervical spine and hand in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of 15\u00a0years\u2019 duration: an assessment of the effects of corticosteroid treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 1978;37:529\u201335.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"12_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199501150-00015","volume":"20","author":"T Yonezawa","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yonezawa T, Tsuji H, Matsui H, Hirano N. Subaxial lesions in rheumatoid arthritis. Radiographic factors suggestive of lower cervical myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;20:208\u201315.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"12_CR60","first-page":"1280","volume":"24","author":"L Paimela","year":"1997","unstructured":"Paimela L, Laasonen L, Kankaanpaa E, Leirisalo-Repo M. Progression of cervical spine changes in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:1280\u20134.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"12_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200011)43:11<2397::AID-ANR4>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"43","author":"MH Neva","year":"2000","unstructured":"Neva MH, et al. Combination drug therapy retards the development of rheumatoid atlantoaxial subluxations. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:2397\u2013401.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"12_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318256b584","volume":"37","author":"T Kaito","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaito T, et al. Effect of biological agents on cervical spine lesions in rheumatoid arthritis. Spine. 2012;37:1742\u20136.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"Suppl\u00a03","key":"12_CR63","first-page":"S77","volume":"7","author":"F Graziano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Graziano F, Maugeri R, Basile L, Meccio F, Iacopino DG. Aulogous fibrin sealant (Vivostat\u00ae) in the neurosurgical practice: part\u00a0II: vertebro-spinal procedure. Surg Neurol Int. 2016;7(Suppl\u00a03):S77\u201382.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"12_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.06.128","volume":"95","author":"R Maugeri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maugeri R, Giammalva GR, Graziano F, Iacopino DG. May autologue fibrin glue alone enhance ossification? An unexpected spinal fusion. World Neurosurg. 2016;95:611\u20132.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"12_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1769-7","volume":"20","author":"M Visocchi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Visocchi M, Doglietto F, Della Pepa GM, et al. Endoscope-assisted microsurgical transoral approach to the anterior craniovertebral junction compressive pathologies. Eur Spine J. 2011;20:1518\u201325.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"12_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.01.099","volume":"101","author":"M Visocchi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Visocchi M, Signorelli F, Liao C, Rigante M, Paludetti G, Barbagallo G, et al. Endoscopic endonasal approach for craniovertebral junction pathologies: myth and truth in clinical series and personal experience. World Neurosurg. 2017;101:122\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.01.099 .","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-009-0271-z","volume":"151","author":"M Visocchi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Visocchi M, Pietrini D, Tufo T, Fernandez E, Di Rocco C. Preoperative irreducible C1\u2013C2 dislocations: intraoperative reduction and posterior fixation. The always posterior strategy. Acta Neurochir. 2009;151(5):551\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"12_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.125","volume":"110","author":"M Visocchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Visocchi M, Iacopino DG, Signorelli F, Olivi A, Maugeri R. Walk the line. The surgical highways to the craniovertebral junction in endoscopic approaches: a historical perspective. World Neurosurg. 2018;110:544\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.125 .","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement","New Trends in Craniovertebral Junction Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-62515-7_12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T15:51:00Z","timestamp":1662738660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-62515-7_12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"ISBN":["9783319625140","9783319625157"],"references-count":68,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-62515-7_12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-1419","2197-8395"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-1419","type":"print"},{"value":"2197-8395","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}