{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T14:41:02Z","timestamp":1742913662751,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783319690049"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783319690056"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69005-6_4","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]],"date-time":"2017-10-06T05:17:45Z","timestamp":1507267065000},"page":"37-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improving Word Embeddings for Low Frequency Words by Pseudo Contexts"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1162\/coli_a_00016","volume":"36","author":"M Baroni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baroni, M., Lenci, A.: Distributional memory: a general framework for corpus-based semantics. Comput. Linguist. 36(4), 673\u2013721 (2010)","journal-title":"Comput. Linguist."},{"issue":"Feb","key":"4_CR2","first-page":"1137","volume":"3","author":"Y Bengio","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bengio, Y., Ducharme, R., Vincent, P., Jauvin, C.: A neural probabilistic language model. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3(Feb), 1137\u20131155 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"4_CR3","unstructured":"Bojanowski, P., Grave, E., Joulin, A., Mikolov, T.: Enriching word vectors with subword information. arXiv preprint (2016). \narXiv:1607.04606"},{"key":"4_CR4","unstructured":"Bruni, E., Boleda, G., Baroni, M., Tran, N.K.: Distributional semantics in technicolor. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Long Papers, vol. 1, pp. 136\u2013145. Association for Computational Linguistics (2012)"},{"key":"4_CR5","unstructured":"Chen, X., Xu, L., Liu, Z., Sun, M., Luan, H.: Joint learning of character and word embeddings. In: Proceedings of IJCAI, pp. 1236\u20131242 (2015)"},{"key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collobert, R., Weston, J.: A unified architecture for natural language processing: deep neural networks with multitask learning. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 160\u2013167. ACM (2008)","DOI":"10.1145\/1390156.1390177"},{"key":"4_CR7","unstructured":"Faruqui, M., Tsvetkov, Y., Rastogi, P., Dyer, C.: Problems with evaluation of word embeddings using word similarity tasks. arXiv preprint (2016). \narXiv:1605.02276"},{"key":"4_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finkelstein, L., Gabrilovich, E., Matias, Y., Rivlin, E., Solan, Z., Wolfman, G., Ruppin, E.: Placing search in context: the concept revisited. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 406\u2013414. ACM (2001)","DOI":"10.1145\/371920.372094"},{"key":"4_CR9","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/11562214_67","volume-title":"Natural Language Processing \u2013 IJCNLP 2005","author":"I Gurevych","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gurevych, I.: Using the structure of a conceptual network in computing semantic relatedness. In: Dale, R., Wong, K.-F., Su, J., Kwong, O.Y. (eds.) IJCNLP 2005. LNCS, vol. 3651, pp. 767\u2013778. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). doi:\n10.1007\/11562214_67"},{"issue":"2\u2014-3","key":"4_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/00437956.1954.11659520","volume":"10","author":"ZS Harris","year":"1954","unstructured":"Harris, Z.S.: Distributional structure. Word 10(2\u2014-3), 146\u2013162 (1954)","journal-title":"Word"},{"key":"4_CR11","unstructured":"Levy, O., Goldberg, Y.: Neural word embedding as implicit matrix factorization. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 2177\u20132185 (2014)"},{"key":"4_CR12","unstructured":"Li, Y., Xu, L., Tian, F., Jiang, L., Zhong, X., Chen, E.: Word embedding revisited: a new representation learning and explicit matrix factorization perspective. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI, pp. 25\u201331 (2015)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03204766","volume":"28","author":"K Lund","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lund, K., Burgess, C.: Producing high-dimensional semantic spaces from lexical co-occurrence. Behav. Res. Meth. Instrum. Comput. 28(2), 203\u2013208 (1996)","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Meth. Instrum. Comput."},{"key":"4_CR14","unstructured":"Luong, T., Socher, R., Manning, C.D.: Better word representations with recursive neural networks for morphology. In: CoNLL, pp. 104\u2013113 (2013)"},{"key":"4_CR15","unstructured":"Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., Dean, J.: Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint (2013). \narXiv:1301.3781"},{"key":"4_CR16","unstructured":"Mikolov, T., Yih, W.T., Zweig, G.: Linguistic regularities in continuous space word representations. In: HLT-NAACL, vol. 13, pp. 746\u2013751 (2013)"},{"key":"4_CR17","unstructured":"Mnih, A., Hinton, G.E.: A scalable hierarchical distributed language model. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1081\u20131088 (2009)"},{"key":"4_CR18","first-page":"1532","volume":"14","author":"J Pennington","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pennington, J., Socher, R., Manning, C.D.: Glove: global vectors for word representation. EMNLP 14, 1532\u20131543 (2014)","journal-title":"EMNLP"},{"key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schnabel, T., Labutov, I., Mimno, D., Joachims, T.: Evaluation methods for unsupervised word embeddings. In: Proceedings of EMNLP (2015)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D15-1036"},{"key":"4_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schutze, H.: Dimensions of meaning. In: Proceedings of Supercomputing 1992, pp. 787\u2013796. IEEE (1992)","DOI":"10.1109\/SUPERC.1992.236684"},{"key":"4_CR21","unstructured":"Turian, J., Ratinov, L., Bengio, Y.: Word representations: a simple and general method for semi-supervised learning. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 384\u2013394. Association for Computational Linguistics (2010)"},{"key":"4_CR22","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-50496-4_75","volume-title":"Natural Language Understanding and Intelligent Applications","author":"Y Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Li, W.: Overview of the NLPCC-ICCPOL 2016 shared task: chinese word similarity measurement. In: Lin, C.-Y., Xue, N., Zhao, D., Huang, X., Feng, Y. (eds.) ICCPOL\/NLPCC -2016. LNCS, vol. 10102, pp. 828\u2013839. Springer, Cham (2016). doi:\n10.1007\/978-3-319-50496-4_75"},{"key":"4_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zesch, T., Gurevych, I.: Automatically creating datasets for measures of semantic relatedness. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Linguistic Distances, pp. 16\u201324. Association for Computational Linguistics (2006)","DOI":"10.3115\/1641976.1641980"},{"key":"4_CR24","unstructured":"Zipf, G.K.: Human behavior and the principle of least effort (1950)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Chinese Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing Based on Naturally Annotated Big Data"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-69005-6_4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T09:39:58Z","timestamp":1510825198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-69005-6_4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"ISBN":["9783319690049","9783319690056"],"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-69005-6_4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}