{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T19:10:11Z","timestamp":1750965011308,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783319700953"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783319700960"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70096-0_28","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T01:33:18Z","timestamp":1508895198000},"page":"266-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploiting the Tibetan Radicals in Recurrent Neural Network for Low-Resource Language Models"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Tongtong","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longbiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuntharrgyal","family":"Khysru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianwu","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"28_CR1","first-page":"79","volume":"16","author":"PF Brown","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brown, P.F., Cocke, J., Pietra, S.A.D., Pietra, V.J.D., Jelinek, F., Lafferty, J.D., Mercer, R.L., Roossin, P.S.: A statistical approach to machine translation. Comput. Linguist. 16(2), 79\u201385 (1990)","journal-title":"Comput. Linguist."},{"issue":"2","key":"28_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1145\/984321.984322","volume":"22","author":"CX Zhai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhai, C.X., Lafferty, J.: A study of smoothing methods for language models applied to information retrieval. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 22(2), 179\u2013214 (2004)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"28_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1109\/34.56193","volume":"12","author":"R Kuhn","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kuhn, R., Mori, R.D.: A Cache-Based Natural Language Model for Speech Recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 12(6), 570\u2013583 (1990)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"28_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1006\/csla.1999.0128","volume":"13","author":"SF Chen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chen, S.F., Goodman, J.: An empirical study of smoothing techniques for language modeling. Comput. Speech Lang. 13(4), 359\u2013394 (1994)","journal-title":"Comput. Speech Lang."},{"issue":"2","key":"28_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2006.06.006","volume":"21","author":"B Roark","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roark, B., Saraclar, M., Collins, M.: Discriminative N-Gram language modeling. Comput. Speech Lang. 21(2), 373\u2013392 (2007)","journal-title":"Comput. Speech Lang."},{"issue":"4","key":"28_CR6","first-page":"467","volume":"18","author":"PF Brown","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brown, P.F., Desouza, P.V., Mercer, R.L., Pietra, V.J., Vincent, J.D., Lai, J.C.: Class-based N-Gram models of natural language. Comput. Linguist. 18(4), 467\u2013479 (1992)","journal-title":"Comput. Linguist."},{"key":"28_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikolov, T., Karafi\u00e1t, M., Burget, L., Cernock\u00fd, J., Khudanpur, S.: Recurrent neural network based language model. In: INTERSPEECH 2010 \u2013 11th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, Japan, pp. 1045\u20131048 (2010)","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2010-343"},{"key":"28_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikolov, T., Kombrink, S., Burget L., Cernocky J.H.: Extensions of recurrent neural network language model. In: ICASSP 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Czech, pp. 5528\u20135531 (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2011.5947611"},{"key":"28_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikolov, T., Zweig, G.: Context dependent recurrent neural network language model. In SLT 2012 - 2012 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop, USA, pp. 234\u2013239 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/SLT.2012.6424228"},{"key":"28_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Liu, X., Qian, Y., Gales, M.J.F., Woodland, P.C.: CUED-RNNLM \u2014 an open-source toolkit for efficient training and evaluation of recurrent neural network language models. In: ICASSP 2016 \u2013 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, China, pp. 6000\u20136004 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2016.7472829"},{"key":"28_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Y.Z., Zhang, W.Q., Liu, J., Johnson, M.T.: RNN language model with word clustering and class-based output layer. J. Audio Speech Music Process. 2013(1), 22 (2013)","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-4722-2013-22"},{"key":"28_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mousa, E.D., Kuo, H.K.J., Mangu, L., Soltau, H.M.: Morpheme-based feature-rich language models using deep neural networks for LVCSR of Egyptian Arabic. In: ICASSP 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Canada, pp. 8435\u20138439 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2013.6639311"},{"key":"28_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Y.Y., Wiggers, P., Catholijn, M., Jonker: Towards recurrent neural networks language models with linguistic and contextual features. In: INTERSPEECH 2012 - 13th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, pp. 1662\u20131665. (2012)","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2012-456"},{"key":"28_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mousa, E.D., Schluter, R., Ney, H.: Investigations on the use of morpheme level features in language models for Arabic LVCSR. In: ICASSP 2012 - IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, USA, pp. 5021\u20135024 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2012.6289048"},{"key":"28_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, Y.Z., Hutchinson, B., Baumann, P., Ostendorf, M.: Subword-based modeling for handling OOV words inkeyword spotting. In: ICASSP 2014 - 2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Italy, pp. 7864\u20137868 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2014.6855131"},{"key":"28_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, T.X., Xiang, X., Qian, Y., Yu, K.: Recurrent neural network language model with structured word embeddings for speech recognition. In: ICASSP 2015 - IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Australia, pp. 5396\u20135400 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2015.7179002"},{"issue":"12","key":"28_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2015.2482118","volume":"23","author":"H Fang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fang, H., Ostendorf, M., Baumann, P., Pierrehumbert, J.: Exponential language modeling using morphological features and multi-task learning. IEEE\/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process. 23(12), 2410\u20132421 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process."},{"key":"28_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Jernite, Y., Sontag, D., Rush, A.M.: Character-aware neural language models. In: AAAI 2016 - 30th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, USA, pp. 2741\u20132749 (2015)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v30i1.10362"},{"key":"28_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Wang, X., Liu, X., Gales, M.J.F., Woodland, P.C.: Efficient GPU-based training of recurrent neural network language models using spliced sentence bunch. In: INTERSPEECH 2014 - 15th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, Singapore, pp. 641\u2013645 (2014)","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2014-163"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Neural Information Processing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-70096-0_28","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T18:37:41Z","timestamp":1750963061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-70096-0_28"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"ISBN":["9783319700953","9783319700960"],"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-70096-0_28","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}