{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T05:50:25Z","timestamp":1769579425381,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783319737058","type":"print"},{"value":"9783319737065","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73706-5_14","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]],"date-time":"2018-01-05T10:55:40Z","timestamp":1515149740000},"page":"171-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["What Does This Imply? Examining the Impact of Implicitness on the Perception of Hate Speech"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Darina","family":"Benikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wojatzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Zesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","unstructured":"American Psychological Association: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. American Psychological Association, Washington (1994)"},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1162\/COLI_a_00166","volume":"39","author":"R Bhagat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhagat, R., Hovy, E.: What is a paraphrase? Comput. Linguist. 39(3), 463\u2013472 (2013). ISSN 04194217","journal-title":"Comput. Linguist."},{"key":"14_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boltu\u017ei\u0107, F., \u0160najder, J.: Back up your stance: recognizing arguments in online discussions. In: Proceedings of the First Workshop on Argumentation Mining, Baltimore, USA, pp. 49\u201358 (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W14-2107"},{"key":"14_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhu, S., Xu, H.: Detecting offensive language in social media to protect adolescent online safety. In: 2012 International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT), and 2012 International Confernece on Social Computing (SocialCom), Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 71\u201380. IEEE (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/SocialCom-PASSAT.2012.55"},{"key":"14_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gimpel, K., Schneider, N., O\u2019Connor, B., Das, D., Mills, D., Eisenstein, J., Heilman, M., Yogatama, D., Flanigan, J., Smith, N.A.: Part-of-speech tagging for Twitter: annotation, features, and experiments. In: Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies: Short Papers, Portland, USA, vol. 2, pp. 42\u201347 (2011)","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA547371"},{"key":"14_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasan, K.S., Ng, V.: Why are you taking this stance? Identifying and classifying reasons in ideological debates. In: Proceedings of the EMNLP, Doha, Qatar, pp. 751\u2013762 (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1083"},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1162\/coli_a_00002","volume":"36","author":"N Madnani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Madnani, N., Dorr, B.J.: Generating phrasal and sentential paraphrases: a survey of data-driven methods. Comput. Linguist. 36(3), 341\u2013387 (2010)","journal-title":"Comput. Linguist."},{"key":"14_CR8","unstructured":"Sanchez, L.M., Vogel, C.: IMHO: an exploratory study of hedging in web forums. In: Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2013 Conference, Metz, France, pp. 309\u2013313. Association for Computational Linguistics, August 2013"},{"key":"14_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammad, S.M., Kiritchenko, S., Sobhani, P., Zhu, X., Cherry, C.: Semeval-2016 task 6: detecting stance in tweets. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, San Diego, USA (2016, to appear)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S16-1003"},{"key":"14_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pontiki, M., Galanis, D., Pavlopoulos, J., Papageorgiou, H., Androutsopoulos, I., Manandhar, S.: Semeval-2014 task 4: aspect based sentiment analysis. In: Proceedings of SemEval 2014, pp. 27\u201335 (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/S14-2004"},{"key":"14_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pontiki, M., Galanis, D., Papageorgiou, H., Manandhar, S., Androutsopoulos, I.: SemEval-2015 task 12: aspect based sentiment analysis. In: Proceedings of the 9th SemEval, Denver, Colorado, pp. 486\u2013495. Association for Computational Linguistics (2015)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S15-2082"},{"key":"14_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pontiki, M., Galanis, D., Papageorgiou, H., Androutsopoulos, I., Manandhar, S., AL-Smadi, M., Al-Ayyoub, M., Zhao, Y., Qin, B., De Clercq, O., Hoste, V., Apidianaki, M., Tannier, X., Loukachevitch, N., Kotelnikov, E., Bel, N., Jim\u00e9nez-Zafra, S.M., Eryi\u011fit, G.: SemEval-2016 task 5: aspect based sentiment analysis. In: Proceedings of the 10th SemEval, San Diego, California, pp. 19\u201330. Association for Computational Linguistics (2016)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S16-1002"},{"key":"14_CR13","unstructured":"Ross, B., Rist, M., Carbonell, G., Cabrera, B., Kurowsky, N., Wojatzki, M.: Measuring the reliability of hate speech annotations: the case of the European refugee crisis. In: Bei\u00dfwenger, M., Wojatzki, M., Zesch, T. (eds.) Proceedings of NLP4CMC III: 3rd Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Computer-Mediated Communication. Bochumer Linguistische Arbeitsberichte, Bochum, Germany, vol. 17, pp. 6\u20139 (2016)"},{"key":"14_CR14","unstructured":"Rus, V., Banjade, R., Lintean, M.C.: On paraphrase identification corpora. In: LREC, pp. 2422\u20132429 (2014)"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR15","first-page":"1","volume":"22","author":"F Smadja","year":"1996","unstructured":"Smadja, F., McKeown, K.R., Hatzivassiloglou, V.: Translating collocations for bilingual lexicons: a statistical approach. Comput. Linguist. 22(1), 1\u201338 (1996)","journal-title":"Comput. Linguist."},{"key":"14_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobhani, P., Inkpen, D., Matwin, S.: From argumentation mining to stance classification. In: Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2015, Denver, USA, pp. 67\u201377 (2015)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W15-0509"},{"key":"14_CR17","unstructured":"Sood, S.O., Antin, J., Churchill, E.F.: Using crowdsourcing to improve profanity detection. In: AAAI Spring Symposium: Wisdom of the Crowd, vol. 12, p. 06 (2012)"},{"key":"14_CR18","unstructured":"Stefanowitsch, A.: Was ist \u00fcberhaupt hate-speech. In: Stiftung, A.A. (ed.) Geh sterben. Umgang mit Hate-Speech und Kommentaren im Internet, pp. 11\u201313 (2014)"},{"key":"14_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toutanova, K., Klein, D., Manning, C.D., Singer, Y.: Feature-rich part-of-speech tagging with a cyclic dependency network. In: Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technology, Sapporo, Japan, vol. 1, pp. 173\u2013180. Association for Computational Linguistics (2003)","DOI":"10.3115\/1073445.1073478"},{"issue":"01","key":"14_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4236\/ojml.2014.41016","volume":"4","author":"MM Vila","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vila, M.M., Mart\u00ed, A., Rodr\u00edguez, H., et al.: Is this a paraphrase? What kind? Paraphrase boundaries and typology. Open J. Mod. Linguist. 4(01), 205 (2014)","journal-title":"Open J. Mod. Linguist."},{"key":"14_CR21","unstructured":"Warner, W., Hirschberg, J.: Detecting hate speech on the world wide web. In: Proceedings of LSM 2012, pp. 19\u201326. ACL (2012)"},{"key":"14_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waseem, Z., Hovy, D.: Hateful symbols or hateful people? Predictive features for hate speech detection on Twitter. In: Proceedings of NAACL-HLT, pp. 88\u201393 (2016)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-2013"},{"key":"14_CR23","unstructured":"Wojatzki, M., Zesch, T.: Stance-based argument mining - modeling implicit argumentation using stance. In: Proceedings of the KONVENS, Bochum, Germany, pp. 313\u2013322 (2016)"},{"key":"14_CR24","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-50496-4_85","volume-title":"Natural Language Understanding and Intelligent Applications","author":"R Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu, R., Zhou, Y., Wu, D., Gui, L., Du, J., Xue, Y.: Overview of NLPCC shared task 4: stance detection in Chinese microblogs. In: Lin, C.-Y., Xue, N., Zhao, D., Huang, X., Feng, Y. (eds.) ICCPOL\/NLPCC -2016. LNCS, vol. 10102, pp. 907\u2013916. Springer, Cham (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-50496-4_85"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Language Technologies for the Challenges of the Digital Age"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-73706-5_14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T22:18:33Z","timestamp":1570573113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-73706-5_14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"ISBN":["9783319737058","9783319737065"],"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-73706-5_14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}