{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T21:42:06Z","timestamp":1773351726689,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783319913759","type":"print"},{"value":"9783319913766","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91376-6_38","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,16]],"date-time":"2018-05-16T15:19:05Z","timestamp":1526483945000},"page":"411-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Metro Map Colour-Coding: Effect on Usability in Route Tracing"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7393-1322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter B.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4100-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Rodgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maxwell J.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"38_CR1","unstructured":"Amazon.com, Inc.: Mechanical Turk. https:\/\/www.mturk.com\/mturk\/ . Accessed 28 Nov 2017"},{"key":"38_CR2","unstructured":"Barrington and Company: A Survey of Prospective User Reaction to the New Subway Map, 31 May 1966, report submitted to the NYCTA. Collection of Raleigh D\u2019Adamo (1966)"},{"key":"38_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1177\/001391657684005","volume":"8","author":"AL Bronzaft","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bronzaft, A.L., Dobrow, S.B., O\u2019Hanlon, T.J.: Spatial orientation in a subway system. Environ. Behav. 8, 575\u2013594 (1976)","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"key":"38_CR4","unstructured":"Bronzaft, A.L., Schachter, J.: Memo to MTA Subway Map Committee, 3 March 1978. New York Transit Museum (1978)"},{"key":"38_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Crump, M.J.C., McDonnell, J.V., Gureckis, T.M.: Evaluating Amazon\u2019s Mechanical Turk as a tool for experimental behavioral research. PLoS ONE 8(3), e57410 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0057410","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057410"},{"key":"38_CR6","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66435-4_2","volume-title":"Evaluation in the Crowd. Crowdsourcing and Human-Centered Experiments","author":"U Gadiraju","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gadiraju, U., M\u00f6ller, S., N\u00f6llenburg, M., Saupe, D., Egger-Lampl, S., Archambault, D., Fisher, B.: Crowdsourcing versus the laboratory: towards human-centered experiments using the crowd. In: Archambault, D., Purchase, H., Ho\u00dffeld, T. (eds.) Evaluation in the Crowd. Crowdsourcing and Human-Centered Experiments. LNCS, vol. 10264, pp. 6\u201326. Springer, Cham (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-66435-4_2"},{"issue":"4","key":"38_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1179\/0008704114Z.000000000150","volume":"51","author":"K Field","year":"2014","unstructured":"Field, K., Cartwright, W.: Becksploitation: the over-use of a cartographic icon. Cartogr. J. 51(4), 343\u2013359 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/0008704114Z.000000000150","journal-title":"Cartogr. J."},{"key":"38_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1500445","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1500445","volume":"2","author":"R Gallotti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gallotti, R., Porter, M.A., Barthelemy, M.: Lost in transportation: information measures and cognitive limits in multilayer navigation. Sci. Adv. 2, e1500445 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.1500445","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"2","key":"38_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916579112002","volume":"11","author":"HC Garland","year":"1979","unstructured":"Garland, H.C., Haynes, J.J., Grubb, G.C.: Transit map color coding and street detail: effects on trip planning performance. Environ. Behav. 11(2), 162\u2013184 (1979)","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"key":"38_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2011.04.001","volume":"45","author":"Z Guo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guo, Z.: Mind the map! The impact of transit maps on path choice in public transit. Transp. Res. Part A 45, 625\u2013639 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tra.2011.04.001","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part A"},{"key":"38_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2017.09.017","volume":"106","author":"Z Guo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guo, Z., Zhao, J., Whong, C., Wyman, L.: Redesigning subway map to mitigate bottleneck congestion: an experiment in Washington DC using Mechanical Turk. Transp. Res. Part A 106, 158\u2013169 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tra.2017.09.017","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part A"},{"key":"38_CR12","unstructured":"Kick Design: KickMap. http:\/\/kickmap.com\/ . Accessed 29 Nov 2017"},{"key":"38_CR13","unstructured":"KVB (K\u00f6lner Verkehrs-Betriebe AG): Bahnen in K\u00f6ln (2017). http:\/\/www.kvb-koeln.de\/german\/fahrplan\/linienplan.html . Accessed 29 Nov 2017"},{"key":"38_CR14","volume-title":"Vignelli: Transit Maps","author":"PB Lloyd","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lloyd, P.B.: Vignelli: Transit Maps. RIT Press, Rochester (2012)"},{"key":"38_CR15","volume-title":"How Maps Work: Representation, Visualization, and Design","author":"AM MacEachren","year":"1995","unstructured":"MacEachren, A.M.: How Maps Work: Representation, Visualization, and Design. Guilford Press, New York (1995)"},{"issue":"1","key":"38_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-011-0124-6","volume":"44","author":"W Mason","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mason, W., Suri, S.: Conducting behavioral research on Amazon\u2019s Mechanical Turk. Behav. Res. Methods 44(1), 1\u201323 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-011-0124-6","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"38_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043158","volume":"63","author":"GA Miller","year":"1956","unstructured":"Miller, G.A.: The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychol. Rev. 63(2), 81\u201397 (1956)","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"38_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1559\/152304002782008503","volume":"29","author":"DM Montello","year":"2002","unstructured":"Montello, D.M.: Cognitive map-design research in the twentieth century: theoretical and empirical approaches. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 29(3), 283\u2013304 (2002)","journal-title":"Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"38_CR19","unstructured":"MTA (Metropolitan Transportation Authority, New York): The Weekender. http:\/\/web.mta.info\/weekender.html . Accessed 29 Nov 2017"},{"key":"38_CR20","volume-title":"Transit Maps of the World","author":"M Ovenden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ovenden, M.: Transit Maps of the World. Penguin, New York (2015)"},{"key":"38_CR21","volume-title":"Paris M\u00e9tro Style","author":"M Ovenden","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ovenden, M., Lloyd, P.B., Pepinster, J.: Paris M\u00e9tro Style. Capital Transport, Harrow (2008)"},{"issue":"5","key":"38_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500002205","volume":"5","author":"G Paolacci","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paolacci, G., Chandler, J., Ipeirotis, P.G.: Running experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Judgm. Decis. Making 5(5), 411\u2013419 (2010)","journal-title":"Judgm. Decis. Making"},{"key":"38_CR23","unstructured":"Roberts, M.J.: Underground Maps Unravelled. Self-published, Wivenhoe, UK (2012)"},{"issue":"2","key":"38_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1075\/idj.22.2.04rob","volume":"22","author":"MJ Roberts","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roberts, M.J., Newton, E.J., Canals, M.: Radi(c)al departures: comparing conventional octolinear versus concentric circles schematic maps for the Berlin U-Bahn\/S-Bahn networks using objective and subjective measures of effectiveness. Inf. Des. J. 22(2), 92\u2013115 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/idj.22.2.04rob","journal-title":"Inf. Des. J."},{"key":"38_CR25","unstructured":"Roberts, M.J.: Schematic maps in the laboratory. In: First International Schematic Mapping Workshop University of Essex, 2\u20133 April 2014 (2014a). http:\/\/www.tubemapcentral.com\/articles\/Roberts_empirical_SMW2014_2014.pdf . Accessed 29 Nov 2017"},{"key":"38_CR26","unstructured":"Roberts, M.J.: What\u2019s your theory of effective schematic map design? ibid (2014b). http:\/\/repository.essex.ac.uk\/11368\/1\/Roberts-Theoretical.pdf . Accessed 29 Nov 2017"},{"key":"38_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2016.06.003","volume":"94","author":"MJ Roberts","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roberts, M.J., Rose, D.: Map-induced journey-planning biases for a simple network: a docklands light railway study. Transp. Res. Part A 94, 446\u2013460 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2016.06.003","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part A"},{"key":"38_CR28","volume-title":"The Look of Maps","author":"AH Robinson","year":"1952","unstructured":"Robinson, A.H.: The Look of Maps. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison (1952)"},{"key":"38_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stott, J.M., Rodgers, P.: Metro map layout using multicriteria optimization. In: Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV 2004), 14\u201316 July 2004, pp. 355\u2013362. IEEE (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/iv.2004.1320168 , https:\/\/kar.kent.ac.uk\/14133 . Accessed 29 Nov 2017","DOI":"10.1109\/iv.2004.1320168"},{"key":"38_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wolff, A.: Drawing subway maps: a survey. Inform.\u2014Forschung Entwickl. 22, 23\u201344 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00450-007-0036-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s00450-007-0036-y"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Diagrammatic Representation and Inference"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-91376-6_38","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T15:31:57Z","timestamp":1751643117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-91376-6_38"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"ISBN":["9783319913759","9783319913766"],"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-91376-6_38","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 May 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"Diagrams","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Theory and Application of Diagrams","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Edinburgh","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"United Kingdom","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2018","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18 June 2018","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22 June 2018","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"diagrams2018","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/www.diagrams-conference.org\/2018\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}