{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T05:10:04Z","timestamp":1751692204718,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783319938172"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783319938189"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93818-9_49","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]],"date-time":"2018-06-15T18:47:06Z","timestamp":1529088426000},"page":"513-521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["DL-GSA: A Deep Learning Metaheuristic Approach to Missing Data Imputation"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Ayush","family":"Garg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepika","family":"Naryani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garvit","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"49_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdella, M., Marwala, T.: The use of genetic algorithms and neural networks to approximate missing data in database. In: 2005 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Computational Cybernetics, ICCC 2005, pp. 207\u2013212. IEEE (2005)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCYB.2005.1511574"},{"issue":"8","key":"49_CR2","first-page":"4705","volume":"7","author":"IB Aydilek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aydilek, I.B., Arslan, A.: A novel hybrid approach to estimating missing values in databases using k-nearest neighbors and neural networks. Int. J. Innovative Comput. Inf. Control 7(8), 4705\u20134717 (2012)","journal-title":"Int. J. Innovative Comput. Inf. Control"},{"issue":"8","key":"49_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.50","volume":"35","author":"Y Bengio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bengio, Y., Courville, A., Vincent, P.: Representation learning: a review and new perspectives. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35(8), 1798\u20131828 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"49_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x","volume":"39","author":"AP Dempster","year":"1977","unstructured":"Dempster, A.P., Laird, N.M., Rubin, D.B.: Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodol.) 39, 1\u201338 (1977)","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodol.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"49_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.8.3.322","volume":"8","author":"CK Enders","year":"2003","unstructured":"Enders, C.K.: Using the expectation maximization algorithm to estimate coefficient alpha for scales with item-level missing data. Psychol. Meth. 8(3), 322 (2003)","journal-title":"Psychol. Meth."},{"key":"49_CR6","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33275-3_2","volume-title":"Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications","author":"A Fischer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fischer, A., Igel, C.: An introduction to restricted boltzmann machines. In: Alvarez, L., Mejail, M., Gomez, L., Jacobo, J. (eds.) CIARP 2012. LNCS, vol. 7441, pp. 14\u201336. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-33275-3_2"},{"issue":"7","key":"49_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2006.18.7.1527","volume":"18","author":"GE Hinton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hinton, G.E., Osindero, S., Teh, Y.W.: A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets. Neural Comput. 18(7), 1527\u20131554 (2006)","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"49_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isaacs, J.C.: Representational learning for sonar ATR. In: Proceedings SPIE. vol. 9072, p. 907203 (2014)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2053057"},{"key":"49_CR9","unstructured":"LeCun, Y., Cortes, C., Burges, C.J.: Mnist handwritten digit database. AT&T Labs (2010). http:\/\/yann.lecun.com\/exdb\/mnist2"},{"key":"49_CR10","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41000-5_26","volume-title":"Advances in Swarm Intelligence","author":"C Leke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leke, C., Marwala, T.: Missing data estimation in high-dimensional datasets: a swarm intelligence-deep neural network approach. In: Tan, Y., Shi, Y., Niu, B. (eds.) ICSI 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9712. Springer, Cham (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-41000-5_26"},{"key":"49_CR11","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-61824-1_61","volume-title":"Advances in Swarm Intelligence","author":"C Leke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leke, C., Ndjiongue, A.R., Twala, B., Marwala, T.: A deep learning-cuckoo search method for missing data estimation in high-dimensional datasets. In: Tan, Y., Takagi, H., Shi, Y. (eds.) ICSI 2017. LNCS, vol. 10385, pp. 561\u2013572. Springer, Cham (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-61824-1_61"},{"key":"49_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leke, C., Twala, B., Marwala, T.: Modeling of missing data prediction: computational intelligence and optimization algorithms. In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC), pp. 1400\u20131404. IEEE (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2014.6974111"},{"key":"49_CR13","volume-title":"Statistical Analysis With Missing Data","author":"RJ Little","year":"2014","unstructured":"Little, R.J., Rubin, D.B.: Statistical Analysis With Missing Data. Wiley, New York (2014)"},{"key":"49_CR14","unstructured":"Marivate, V.N., Nelwamodo, F.V., Marwala, T.: Autoencoder, principal component analysis and support vector regression for data imputation. arXiv preprint arXiv:0709.2506 (2007)"},{"issue":"3","key":"49_CR15","first-page":"72","volume":"7","author":"FJ Mistry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mistry, F.J., Nelwamondo, F.V., Marwala, T.: Missing data estimation using principle component analysis and autoassociative neural networks. J. Syst. Cybern. Inf. 7(3), 72\u201379 (2009)","journal-title":"J. Syst. Cybern. Inf."},{"key":"49_CR16","unstructured":"Peng, C.Y.J., Harwell, M., Liou, S.M., Ehman, L.H., et al.: Advances in missing data methods and implications for educational research. Real data analysis, pp. 31\u201378 (2006)"},{"issue":"13","key":"49_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.03.004","volume":"179","author":"E Rashedi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rashedi, E., Nezamabadi-Pour, H., Saryazdi, S.: GSA: a gravitational search algorithm. Inf. Sci. 179(13), 2232\u20132248 (2009)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"49_CR18","volume-title":"Statistical analysis with missing data","author":"L Rja","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rja, L., Rubin, D.: Statistical analysis with missing data. Wiley, New York (1987)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Advances in Swarm Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-93818-9_49","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T04:31:03Z","timestamp":1751689863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-93818-9_49"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"ISBN":["9783319938172","9783319938189"],"references-count":18,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-93818-9_49","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}