{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T09:54:02Z","timestamp":1742982842965,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783319938424"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783319938431"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93843-1_10","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T03:30:11Z","timestamp":1529379011000},"page":"127-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How Should Knowledge Composed of Schemas be Represented in Order to Optimize Student Model Accuracy?"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Sachin","family":"Grover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Wetzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"VanLehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"10_CR1","unstructured":"Barnes, T., Stamper, J., Madhyastha, T.: Comparative analysis of concept derivation using the q-matrix method and facets. In: Workshop at Educational Data Mining at AAAI 2006, pp. 21\u201330 (2006)"},{"key":"10_CR2","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/11774303_17","volume-title":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems","author":"H Cen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cen, H., Koedinger, K., Junker, B.: Learning factors analysis \u2013 a general method for cognitive model evaluation and improvement. In: Ikeda, M., Ashley, K.D., Chan, T.-W. (eds.) ITS 2006. LNCS, vol. 4053, pp. 164\u2013175. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11774303_17"},{"issue":"4","key":"10_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01099821","volume":"4","author":"AT Corbett","year":"1994","unstructured":"Corbett, A.T., Anderson, J.R.: Knowledge tracing: modeling the acquisition of procedural knowledge. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 4(4), 253\u2013278 (1994)","journal-title":"User Model. User-Adap. Inter."},{"key":"10_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00348","volume":"6","author":"G Daroczy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Daroczy, G., Wolska, M., Meurers, W.D., Nuerk, H.C.: Word problems: a review of linguistic and numerical factors contributing to their difficulty. Front. Psychol. 6, 348 (2015)","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.2008.00069.x","volume":"45","author":"J Torre De La","year":"2008","unstructured":"De La Torre, J.: An empirically based method of Q-matrix validation for the dina model: development and applications. J. Educ. Meas. 45(4), 343\u2013362 (2008)","journal-title":"J. Educ. Meas."},{"issue":"6","key":"10_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1177\/0146621612449069","volume":"36","author":"LT DeCarlo","year":"2012","unstructured":"DeCarlo, L.T.: Recognizing uncertainty in the q-matrix via a bayesian extension of the dina model. Appl. Psychol. Meas. 36(6), 447\u2013468 (2012)","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"10_CR7","unstructured":"Desmarais, M., Beheshti, B., Xu, P.: The refinement of a q-matrix: assessing methods to validate tasks to skills mapping. In: Educational Data Mining 2014 (2014)"},{"key":"10_CR8","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39112-5_45","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","author":"MC Desmarais","year":"2013","unstructured":"Desmarais, M.C., Naceur, R.: A matrix factorization method for mapping items to skills and for enhancing expert-based Q-matrices. In: Lane, H.C., Yacef, K., Mostow, J., Pavlik, P. (eds.) AIED 2013. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 7926, pp. 441\u2013450. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-39112-5_45"},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00571080","volume":"1","author":"HM Doerr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Doerr, H.M.: Stella ten years later: a review of the literature. Int. J. Comput. Math. Learn. 1(2), 201\u2013224 (1996)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Math. Learn."},{"key":"10_CR10","unstructured":"Feng, M., Heffernan, N., Mani, M., Heffernan, C.: Using mixed-effects modeling to compare different grain-sized skill models. In: Educational Data Mining: Papers from the AAAI Workshop. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2006)"},{"key":"10_CR11","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Brenes, J., Huang, Y.: Your model is predictive-but is it useful? Theoretical and empirical considerations of a new paradigm for adaptive tutoring evaluation. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Educational Data Mining. University of Pittsburgh (2015)"},{"key":"10_CR12","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Brenes, J., Huang, Y., Brusilovsky, P.: General features in knowledge tracing to model multiple subskills, temporal item response theory, and expert knowledge. In: The 7th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, pp. 84\u201391. University of Pittsburgh (2014)"},{"key":"10_CR13","unstructured":"Heffernan, N.T., Koedinger, K.R.: The composition effect in symbolizing: the role of symbol production vs. text comprehension. In: Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 307\u2013312 (1997)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4452","DOI":"10.3390\/su6074452","volume":"6","author":"DM Iwaniec","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iwaniec, D.M., Childers, D.L., VanLehn, K., Wiek, A.: Studying, teaching and applying sustainability visions using systems modeling. Sustainability 6(7), 4452\u20134469 (2014)","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1302_1","volume":"13","author":"KR Koedinger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Koedinger, K.R., Nathan, M.J.: The real story behind story problems: effects of representations on quantitative reasoning. J. Learn. Sci. 13(2), 129\u2013164 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Learn. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12208","volume":"8","author":"KR Koedinger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koedinger, K.R., Yudelson, M.V., Pavlik, P.I.: Testing theories of transfer using error rate learning curves. Topics Cogn. Sci. 8(3), 589\u2013609 (2016)","journal-title":"Topics Cogn. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00132515","volume":"10","author":"RE Mayer","year":"1981","unstructured":"Mayer, R.E.: Frequency norms and structural analysis of algebra story problems into families, categories, and templates. Instr. Sci. 10(2), 135\u2013175 (1981)","journal-title":"Instr. Sci."},{"key":"10_CR18","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-14896-0_10","volume-title":"Mathematical and Engineering Methods in Computer Science","author":"J Ni\u017enan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ni\u017enan, J., Pel\u00e1nek, R., \u0158ih\u00e1k, J.: Mapping problems to skills combining expert opinion and student data. In: Hlin\u011bn\u00fd, P., Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, Z., Jaro\u0161, J., Kofro\u0148, J., Ko\u0159enek, J., Matula, P., Pala, K. (eds.) MEMICS 2014. LNCS, vol. 8934, pp. 113\u2013124. Springer, Cham (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-14896-0_10"},{"key":"10_CR19","unstructured":"Paige, J.M.: Cognitive processes in solving algebra word problems. Problem solving (1966)"},{"key":"10_CR20","unstructured":"Pavlik Jr., P.I., Brawner, K., Olney, A., Mitrovic, A.: A review of student models used in intelligent tutoring systems. In: Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pp. 39\u201368 (2013)"},{"issue":"3\u20135","key":"10_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-017-9193-2","volume":"27","author":"R Pel\u00e1nek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pel\u00e1nek, R.: Bayesian knowledge tracing, logistic models, and beyond: an overview of learner modeling techniques. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 27(3\u20135), 313\u2013350 (2017)","journal-title":"User Model. User-Adap. Inter."},{"key":"10_CR22","unstructured":"Richmond, B.: STELLA: software for bringing system dynamics to the other 98%. In: Proceedings of the 1985 International Conference of the System Dynamics Society: 1985 International System Dynamics Conference, pp. 706\u2013718 (1985)"},{"key":"10_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3185-5_25","volume-title":"Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology","author":"VJ Shute","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shute, V.J., Kim, Y.J.: Formative and stealth assessment. In: Spector, J., Merrill, M., Elen, J., Bishop, M. (eds.) Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology, pp. 311\u2013321. Springer, New York (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-3185-5_25"},{"key":"10_CR24","unstructured":"VanLehn, K.: Student modeling. In: Polson, M., Richardson, J. (eds.) Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring Systems, vol. 55, p. 78. Erlbaum, Hillsade (1988)"},{"key":"10_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VanLehn, K.: Problem solving and cognitive skill acquisition. In: Foundations of Cognitive Science, pp. 527\u2013579. MIT Press (1989)","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA222325"},{"key":"10_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VanLehn, K.: Cognitive skill acquisition. In: Spence, J.T. (ed.) Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 47, pp. 513\u2013539. Annual Reviews Inc. (1996)","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.47.1.513"},{"issue":"4","key":"10_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-015-0093-5","volume":"26","author":"K VanLehn","year":"2016","unstructured":"VanLehn, K., Chung, G., Grover, S., Madni, A., Wetzel, J.: Learning science by constructing models: can dragoon increase learning without increasing the time required? Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 26(4), 1033\u20131068 (2016)","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ."},{"key":"10_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VanLehn, K., Wetzel, J., Grover, S., van de Sande, B.: Learning how to construct models of dynamic systems: an initial evaluation of the dragoon intelligent tutoring system. IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol. (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2016.2514422"},{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2015.1131167","volume":"25","author":"J Wetzel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wetzel, J., VanLehn, K., Butler, D., Chaudhari, P., Desai, A., Feng, J., Grover, S., Joiner, R., Kong-Sivert, M., Patade, V., et al.: The design and development of the dragoon intelligent tutoring system for model construction: lessons learned. Interact. Learn. Environ. 25(3), 361\u2013381 (2017)","journal-title":"Interact. Learn. Environ."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-93843-1_10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]],"date-time":"2019-10-19T12:59:33Z","timestamp":1571489973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-93843-1_10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"ISBN":["9783319938424","9783319938431"],"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-93843-1_10","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}