{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:13:05Z","timestamp":1773619985864,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783319938424","type":"print"},{"value":"9783319938431","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93843-1_11","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T03:30:11Z","timestamp":1529379011000},"page":"140-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Active Learning for Improving Machine Learning of Student Explanatory Essays"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Hastings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Anne","family":"Britt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"11_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.20035","volume":"41","author":"J Osborne","year":"2004","unstructured":"Osborne, J., Erduran, S., Simon, S.: Enhancing the quality of argumentation in science classrooms. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 41(10), 994\u20131020 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Res. Sci. Teach."},{"key":"11_CR2","unstructured":"Achieve Inc.: Next generation science standards (2013)"},{"key":"11_CR3","unstructured":"Hastings, P., Britt, M.A., Rupp, K., Kopp, K., Hughes, S.: Computational analysis of explanatory essay structure. In: Millis, K., Long, D., Magliano, J.P., Wiemer, K. (eds.) Multi-Disciplinary Approaches to Deep Learning. Routledge, New York (2018). Accepted for publication"},{"key":"11_CR4","unstructured":"Stenetorp, P., Pyysalo, S., Topi\u0107, G., Ohta, T., Ananiadou, S., Tsujii, J.: brat: a web-based tool for NLP-assisted text annotation. In: Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at EACL 2012, Avignon, France, Association for Computational Linguistics, April 2012"},{"key":"11_CR5","unstructured":"Stenetorp, P., Topi\u0107, G., Pyysalo, S., Ohta, T., Kim, J.D., Tsujii, J.: BioNLP shared task 2011: Supporting resources. In: Proceedings of BioNLP Shared Task 2011 Workshop, Portland, Oregon, USA, Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 112\u2013120, June 2011"},{"key":"11_CR6","unstructured":"Goldman, S.R., Greenleaf, C., Yukhymenko-Lescroart, M., Brown, W., Ko, M., Emig, J., George, M., Wallace, P., Blaum, D., Britt, M.: Project READI: Explanatory modeling in science through text-based investigation: Testing the efficacy of the READI intervention approach. Technical Report 27, Project READI (2016)"},{"key":"11_CR7","unstructured":"Shermis, M.D., Hamner, B.: Contrasting state-of-the-art automated scoring of essays: analysis. In: Annual National Council on Measurement in Education Meeting, pp. 14\u201316 (2012)"},{"issue":"1","key":"11_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asw.2012.10.002","volume":"18","author":"P Deane","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deane, P.: On the relation between automated essay scoring and modern views of the writing construct. Assessing Writ. 18(1), 7\u201324 (2013)","journal-title":"Assessing Writ."},{"key":"11_CR9","unstructured":"Roscoe, R.D., Crossley, S.A., Snow, E.L., Varner, L.K., McNamara, D.S.: Writing quality, knowledge, and comprehension correlates of human and automated essay scoring. In: The Twenty-Seventh International Flairs Conference (2014)"},{"key":"11_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shermis, M.D., Burstein, J.: Handbook of Automated Essay Evaluation: Current Applications and New Directions. Routledge (2013)","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203122761"},{"issue":"1","key":"11_CR11","first-page":"49","volume":"7","author":"S Dikli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dikli, S.: Automated essay scoring. Turk. Online J. Distance Educ. 7(1), 49\u201362 (2015)","journal-title":"Turk. Online J. Distance Educ."},{"issue":"1","key":"11_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asw.2012.11.001","volume":"18","author":"W Condon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Condon, W.: Large-scale assessment, locally-developed measures, and automated scoring of essays: Fishing for red herrings? Assessing Writ. 18(1), 100\u2013108 (2013)","journal-title":"Assessing Writ."},{"key":"11_CR13","first-page":"48","volume":"2014","author":"M Riaz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Riaz, M., Girju, R.: Recognizing causality in verb-noun pairs via noun and verb semantics. EACL 2014, 48 (2014)","journal-title":"EACL"},{"key":"11_CR14","unstructured":"Rink, B., Bejan, C.A., Harabagiu, S.M.: Learning textual graph patterns to detect causal event relations. In: Guesgen, H.W., Murray, R.C. (eds.) FLAIRS Conference. AAAI Press (2010)"},{"key":"11_CR15","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19773-9_17","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","author":"S Hughes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hughes, S., Hastings, P., Britt, M.A., Wallace, P., Blaum, D.: Machine learning for holistic evaluation of scientific essays. In: Conati, C., Heffernan, N., Mitrovic, A., Verdejo, M.F. (eds.) AIED 2015. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 9112, pp. 165\u2013175. Springer, Cham (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-19773-9_17"},{"key":"11_CR16","unstructured":"Hughes, S.: Automatic inference of causal reasoning chains from student essays. Ph.D. thesis, DePaul University, Chicago, IL (2018)"},{"issue":"2","key":"11_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(05)80023-1","volume":"5","author":"DH Wolpert","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wolpert, D.H.: Stacked generalization. Neural Netw. 5(2), 241\u2013259 (1992)","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"11_CR18","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-39583-8_39","volume-title":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems","author":"P Hastings","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hastings, P., Hughes, S., Blaum, D., Wallace, P., Britt, M.A.: Stratified learning for reducing training set size. In: Micarelli, A., Stamper, J., Panourgia, K. (eds.) ITS 2016. LNCS, vol. 9684, pp. 341\u2013346. Springer, Cham (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-39583-8_39"},{"key":"11_CR19","unstructured":"Settles, B.: Active learning literature survey. Computer Sciences Technical Report 1648, University of Wisconsin-Madison (2009)"},{"key":"11_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, M., Bilgic, M.: Most-surely vs. least-surely uncertain. In: 13th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), pp. 667\u2013676. IEEE (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2013.15"},{"key":"11_CR21","unstructured":"Ferdowsi, Z.: Active learning for high precision classification with imbalanced data. Ph.D. thesis, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, May 2015"},{"key":"11_CR22","unstructured":"Cawley, G.C.: Baseline methods for active learning. In: Active Learning and Experimental Design Workshop in Conjunction with AISTATS 2010, pp. 47\u201357 (2011)"},{"key":"11_CR23","first-page":"45","volume":"2","author":"S Tong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tong, S., Koller, D.: Support vector machine active learning with applications to text classification. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 2, 45\u201366 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"11_CR24","unstructured":"Mirroshandel, S.A., Ghassem-Sani, G., Nasr, A.: Active learning strategies for support vector machines, application to temporal relation classification. In: Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, pp. 56\u201364 (2011)"},{"key":"11_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blum, A., Mitchell, T.: Combining labeled and unlabeled data with co-training. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory, pp. 92\u2013100. ACM (1998)","DOI":"10.1145\/279943.279962"},{"key":"11_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2440-0","volume-title":"The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory","author":"VN Vapnik","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vapnik, V.N.: The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory. Springer, New York (1995)"},{"key":"11_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0907-3","volume-title":"Learning to Classify Text Using Support Vector Machines - Methods, Theory, and Algorithms","author":"T Joachims","year":"2002","unstructured":"Joachims, T.: Learning to Classify Text Using Support Vector Machines - Methods, Theory, and Algorithms. Kluwer\/Springer, New York (2002)"},{"key":"11_CR28","unstructured":"Olsson, F.: A literature survey of active machine learning in the context of natural language processing. Technical Report T2009:06, Swedish Institute of Computer Science (2009). http:\/\/eprints.sics.se\/3600\/1\/SICS-T-2009-06-SE.pdf . Accessed 8 Feb 2017"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-93843-1_11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]],"date-time":"2019-10-19T12:59:34Z","timestamp":1571489974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-93843-1_11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"ISBN":["9783319938424","9783319938431"],"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-93843-1_11","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}