{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T18:10:07Z","timestamp":1743876607873,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783319992280"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783319992297"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99229-7_44","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T10:32:58Z","timestamp":1534761178000},"page":"494-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Design Requirements for a Moral Machine for Autonomous Weapons"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Ilse","family":"Verdiesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Dignum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iyad","family":"Rahwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"44_CR1","unstructured":"IEEE Global Initiative, The IEEE Global Initiative for Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems (2017)"},{"key":"44_CR2","unstructured":"Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Campaign to Stop Killer Robots (2015). https:\/\/www.stopkillerrobots.org\/. Accessed 15 July 2017"},{"key":"44_CR3","unstructured":"ICRC, Ethics and autonomous weapon systems: An ethical basis for human control? International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Geneva, p. 22 (2018)"},{"key":"44_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dignum, V.: Responsible Autonomy (2017). arXiv preprint: arXiv:1706.02513","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/655"},{"key":"44_CR5","unstructured":"Dignum, V.: Introduction to AI (2016). https:\/\/rai2016.tbm.tudelft.nl\/contents\/"},{"key":"44_CR6","unstructured":"Roff, H.M.: Weapons autonomy is rocketing (2016). http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/09\/28\/weapons-autonomy-is-rocketing\/"},{"key":"44_CR7","unstructured":"US Air Force, Unconscious US F-16 pilot saved by Auto-pilot 2016, Catch News: Youtube"},{"key":"44_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etzioni, A., Etzioni, O.: Pros and Cons of Autonomous Weapons Systems. Military Review, May\u2013June 2017","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69623-2_16"},{"issue":"4","key":"44_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/15027570.2010.536402","volume":"9","author":"RC Arkin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arkin, R.C.: The case for ethical autonomy in unmanned systems. J. Mil. Ethics 9(4), 332\u2013341 (2010)","journal-title":"J. Mil. Ethics"},{"key":"44_CR10","unstructured":"General Assembly United Nations, Joint report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association and the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions on the proper management of assemblies, p. 23 (2016)"},{"issue":"4","key":"44_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1080\/09557570903325496","volume":"22","author":"J Kaag","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaag, J., Kaufman, W.: Military frameworks: technological know-how and the legitimization of warfare. Camb. Rev. Int. Aff. 22(4), 585\u2013606 (2009)","journal-title":"Camb. Rev. Int. Aff."},{"key":"44_CR12","unstructured":"Rosenberg, M., Markoff, J.: The Pentagon\u2019s \u2018Terminator Conundrum\u2019: Robots That Could Kill on Their Own, in The New York Times (2016)"},{"key":"44_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-015-9367-8","volume":"18","author":"BF Malle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malle, B.F.: Integrating robot ethics and machine morality: the study and design of moral competence in robots. Ethics Inf. Technol. 18, 243\u2013256 (2015)","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"key":"44_CR14","unstructured":"Cointe, N., Bonnet, G., Boissier, O.: Ethical judgment of agents\u2019 behaviors in multi-agent systems. In: Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Autonomous Agents & Multiagent Systems. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (2016)"},{"issue":"6293","key":"44_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf2654","volume":"352","author":"J-F Bonnefon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bonnefon, J.-F., Shariff, A., Rahwan, I.: The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles. Science 352(6293), 1573\u20131576 (2016)","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"44_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-013-9313-6","volume":"15","author":"M Coeckelbergh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coeckelbergh, M.: Drones, information technology, and distance: mapping the moral epistemology of remote fighting. Ethics Inf. Technol. 15(2), 87\u201398 (2013)","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"key":"44_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-9707-1_99","volume-title":"Handbook of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","author":"BJ Strawser","year":"2010","unstructured":"Strawser, B.J.: Moral predators: the duty to employ uninhabited aerial vehicles. In: Valavanis, K.P., Vachtsevanos, G.J. (eds.) Handbook of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, pp. 2943\u20132964. Springer, Dordrecht (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-90-481-9707-1_99"},{"key":"44_CR18","unstructured":"Scalable Cooperation Group. Moral Machine (2016). http:\/\/moralmachine.mit.edu\/. Accessed 27 Sept 2016"},{"key":"44_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9198-0_6","volume-title":"Agent Autonomy","author":"C Castelfranchi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Castelfranchi, C., Falcone, R.: From automaticity to autonomy: the frontier of artificial agents. In: Hexmoor, H., Castelfranchi, C., Falcone, R. (eds.) Agent Autonomy, pp. 103\u2013136. Springer, Boston (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4419-9198-0_6"},{"key":"44_CR20","unstructured":"Article 36. Killing by machine: Key issues for understanding meaningful human control (2015). http:\/\/www.article36.org\/autonomous-weapons\/killing-by-machine-key-issues-for-understanding-meaningful-human-control\/. Accessed 9 May 2019"},{"key":"44_CR21","unstructured":"Open Roboethics initiative. The Ethics and Governance of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems: An International Public Opinion Poll, 5 Nov 2015. http:\/\/www.openroboethics.org\/laws_survey_released\/. Accessed 15 July 2017"},{"key":"44_CR22","unstructured":"Jackson, C.: Three in Ten Americans Support Using Autonomous Weapons (2017). https:\/\/www.ipsos.com\/en-us\/news-polls\/three-ten-americans-support-using-autonomous-weapons. Accessed 17 June 2018"},{"key":"44_CR23","unstructured":"AIV and CAVV, Autonomous weapon systems: the need for meaningful human control, A.C.O.I.O.P.I.L. Advisory Council on International Affairs, Editor, pp. 1\u201364 (2016)"},{"key":"44_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuptel, A., Williams, A.: Policy guidance: autonomy in defence systems (2014)","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2524515"},{"key":"44_CR25","unstructured":"UNDIR, Framing Discussions on the Weaponization of Increasingly Autonomous Technologies, pp. 1\u201314 (2014)"},{"key":"44_CR26","volume-title":"Moral Machine: Perception of Moral Judgment Made by Machines","author":"E Awad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Awad, E.: Moral Machine: Perception of Moral Judgment Made by Machines. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston (2017)"},{"issue":"4","key":"44_CR27","first-page":"243","volume":"49","author":"U-D Reips","year":"2002","unstructured":"Reips, U.-D.: Standards for internet-based experimenting. Exp. Psychol. 49(4), 243 (2002)","journal-title":"Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"44_CR28","volume-title":"A First Course in Design and Analysis of Experiments","author":"GW Oehlert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oehlert, G.W.: A First Course in Design and Analysis of Experiments. W.H. Freeman, New York (2010)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-99229-7_44","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T17:57:51Z","timestamp":1743875871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-99229-7_44"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"ISBN":["9783319992280","9783319992297"],"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-99229-7_44","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 August 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"SAFECOMP","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"V\u00e4ster\u00e5s","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Sweden","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2018","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18 September 2018","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"21 September 2018","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"37","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"safecomp2018","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/www.es.mdh.se\/safecomp2018\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Easychair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"62","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"19","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"1","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"31% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"4","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}