{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T05:50:14Z","timestamp":1750830614119,"version":"3.38.0"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783540223344"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783540278177"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-27817-7_159","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,14]],"date-time":"2010-09-14T19:11:52Z","timestamp":1284491512000},"page":"1079-1087","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Progress in Automated Computer Recognition of Sign Language"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Barbara L.","family":"Loeding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sudeep","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ayush","family":"Parashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arthur I.","family":"Karshmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"159_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1145\/638249.638287","volume-title":"Proceedings of the fifth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies","author":"S. Cox","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cox, S., Lincoln, M., Tryggvason, J., Nakisa, M., Wells, M., Tutt, M., Abbott, S.: TESSA, a system to aid communication with deaf people. In: Proceedings of the fifth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies, pp. 205\u2013212. ACM Press, New York (2002)"},{"key":"159_CR2","unstructured":"Phelps, K.: Signing avatar characters become virtual tutors. In: Virtual Voice (2002)"},{"key":"159_CR3","first-page":"533","volume":"4","author":"J. Toro","year":"2001","unstructured":"Toro, J., et al.: An improved graphical environment for transcription and display of American Sign Language. Information\u00a04, 533\u2013539 (2001)","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"159_CR4","unstructured":"Akyol, S., Canzler, U.: An information terminal using vision based sign language recognition. In: ITEA Workshop on Virtual Home Environments, pp. 61\u201368 (2002)"},{"key":"159_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sagawa, H., Takeuchi, M.: Development of an information kiosk with a sign language recognition system. In: Conference on Universal Usability, pp. 149\u2013150 (2000)","DOI":"10.1145\/355460.355552"},{"key":"159_CR6","unstructured":"Kramer, J., Leifer, L.: The talking glove: An expressive and receptive \u2019verbal\u2019 communication aid for the deaf, deaf-blind and nonvocal. In: Conference on Computer Technology, Special Education, and Rehabilitation (1987)"},{"key":"159_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murakami, K., Taguchi, H.: Gesture recognition using recurrent neural networks. In: SIGCHI Conference Proceedings, pp. 237\u2013242 (1991)","DOI":"10.1145\/108844.108900"},{"key":"159_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-5425(92)90088-3","volume":"14","author":"C. Charayaphan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Charayaphan, C., Marble, A.: Image processing system for interpreting motion in American Sign Language. Journal of Biomedical Engineering\u00a014, 419\u2013425 (1992)","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"159_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1109\/86.413199","volume":"3","author":"M. Waldron","year":"1995","unstructured":"Waldron, M., Kim, S.: Isolated ASL recognition system for deaf persons. IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering\u00a03, 261 (1995)","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering"},{"key":"159_CR10","unstructured":"Kadous, M.W.: Machine translation of AUSLAN signs using powergloves: Towards large lexicon-recognition of sign language. In: Workshop on the integration of Gesture in Language and Speech, pp. 165\u2013174 (1996)"},{"key":"159_CR11","unstructured":"Vamplew, P.: Recognition of Sign Language Using Neural Networks. PhD thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Tasmania (1996)"},{"key":"159_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, C., Xu, Y.: Online, interactive learning of gestures for human robot interfaces. In: IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 2982\u20132987 (1996)","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.1996.509165"},{"key":"159_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00141-2","volume":"133","author":"O. Al-Jarrah","year":"2001","unstructured":"Al-Jarrah, O., Halawani, A.: Recognition of gestures in Arabic sign language using neurofuzzy systems. Artificial Intelligence\u00a0133, 117\u2013138 (2001)","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"159_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, G., Gao, W., Zhao, D.: Large sign vocabulary sign recognition based on hierarchical decision tree. In: International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces, pp. 125\u2013131 (2003)","DOI":"10.1145\/958456.958458"},{"key":"159_CR15","unstructured":"Messing, L., Erenshteyn, R., Foulds, R., Galuska, S., Stern, G.: American Sign Language computer recognition: Its present and its promise. In: ISAAC Conference (1994)"},{"key":"159_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hernandez-Rebollar, J.L., Lindeman, R.W., Kyriakopoulos, N.: A multi-class pattern recognition system for practical finger spelling translation. In: The 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces, p. 185 (2002)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMI.2002.1166990"},{"key":"159_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vassilia, P.N., Konstantinos, M.G.: Towards an assistive tool for Greek Sign Language communication. In: IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2003), vol.\u00a0(125) (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2003.1215041"},{"key":"159_CR18","unstructured":"Starner, T., Pentland, A.: Computer-based visual recognition of American Sign Language. In: International Conference on Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research (1996)"},{"key":"159_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braffort, A.: ARGo: An architecture for sign language recognition and interpretation. In: Progress in Gestural Interaction, pp. 17\u201330 (1996)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-0943-3_3"},{"key":"159_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grobel, K., Assan, M.: Isolated sign language recognition using Hidden Markov Models. In: International Conference System: Man and Cybernetics, pp. 162\u2013167 (1996)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.1997.625742"},{"key":"159_CR21","unstructured":"Liang, R., Ouhyoung, M.: A real-time continuous gesture recognition system for sign language. In: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 558\u2013565 (1998)"},{"key":"159_CR22","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24598-8_23","volume-title":"Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction","author":"C. Vogler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vogler, C., Metaxas, D.: Handshapes and movements: Multiple-channel ASL recognition. In: Camurri, A., Volpe, G. (eds.) GW 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol.\u00a02915, pp. 247\u2013258. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)"},{"key":"159_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, J., Gao, W., Wang, C., Wu, J.: A continuous Chinese Sign Language recognition system. In: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 428\u2013433 (2000)","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2000.840670"},{"key":"159_CR24","unstructured":"Chen, Y.: Chinese Sign Language recognition and synthesis. In: IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures (2003)"},{"key":"159_CR25","unstructured":"Kapuscinski, T., Wysocki, M.: Vision-based recognition of Polish Sign Language. In: Methods in Artificial Intelligence (2003)"},{"key":"159_CR26","unstructured":"Starner, T.: Visual recognition of American Sign Language using Hidden Markov Models. Master\u2019s thesis, MIT, Media Lab (1995)"},{"key":"159_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogler, C., Metaxas, D.: Adapting Hidden Markov Models for ASL recognition by using three-dimensional computer vision methods. In: International Conference Systems on Man and Cybernetics, pp. 156\u2013161 (1997)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.1997.625741"},{"key":"159_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Starner, T., Weaver, J., Pentland, A.: A wearable computer based American Sign Language recognizer. In: International Symposium on Wearable Computers, pp. 130\u2013137 (1997)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWC.1997.629929"},{"key":"159_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Assan, M., Grobel, K.: Video-based sign language recognition using Hidden Markov Models. In: International Gesture Workshop: Gesture and Sign Language in Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 97\u2013109 (1998)","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0052992"},{"key":"159_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogler, C., Metaxas, D.: ASL recognition based on a coupling between HMMs and 3D motion analysis. In: International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 363\u2013369 (1998)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1998.710744"},{"key":"159_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hienz, K., Bauer, B., Kraiss, K.: HMM-based continuous sign language recognition using stochastic grammars. In: Gesture Workshop (1999)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46616-9_17"},{"key":"159_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauer, B., Hienz, H., Kraiss, K.F.: Video-based continuous sign language recognition using statistical methods. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 463\u2013466 (2000)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2000.906112"},{"key":"159_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogler, C., Sun, H., Metaxas, D.: A framework for motion recognition with application to American Sign Language and gait recognition. In: Workshop on Human Motion, pp. 33\u201338 (2000)","DOI":"10.1109\/HUMO.2000.897368"},{"key":"159_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauer, B., Kraiss, K.F.: Towards an automatic sign language recognition system using subunits. In: International Gesture Workshop: Gesture and Sign Language in Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 64\u201375 (2002)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47873-6_7"},{"key":"159_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brashear, H., Starner, T., Lukowicz, P., Junker, H.: Using multiple sensors for mobile sign language recognition. In: IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWC.2003.1241392"},{"key":"159_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Starner, T., Pentland, A.P.: Real-time American Sign Language recognition from video using Hidden Markov Models. In: Symposium on Computer Vision, pp. 265\u2013270 (1995)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCV.1995.477012"},{"key":"159_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogler, C., Metaxas, D.: Toward scalability in ASL recognition: Breaking down signs into phonemes. In: Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 211\u2013224 (1999)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46616-9_19"},{"key":"159_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogler, C., Metaxas, D.: Parallel Hidden Markov Models for American Sign Language recognition. In: International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 116\u2013122 (1999)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1999.791206"},{"key":"159_CR39","unstructured":"Parashar, A.: Representation and interpretation of manual and non-manual information for automated American Sign Language Recognition. Master\u2019s thesis, University of South Florida (2003)"},{"key":"159_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauer, B., Hienz, H.: Relevant features for video-based continuous sign language recognition. In: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 440\u2013445 (2000)","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2000.840672"},{"key":"159_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.2000.0895","volume":"81","author":"C. Vogler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vogler, C., Metaxas, D.: A framework of recognizing the simultaneous aspects of American Sign Language. Computer Vision and Image Understanding\u00a081, 358\u2013384 (2001)","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"},{"key":"159_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neidle, C., MacLaughlin, D., Bahan, B., G., L.R., Kegl, J.: The SignStream project. In: American Sign Language Linguistic Research Project, Report 5 Boston University (1997)","DOI":"10.1075\/la.17.11nei"},{"key":"159_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez, A.M., Wilbur, R.R., Shay, R., Kak, A.: Purdue RVL-SLLL ASL database for automatic recognition of American Sign Language. In: International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (2002)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMI.2002.1166987"},{"key":"159_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sagawa, H., Takeuchi, M.: A method for recognizing a sequence of sign language words represented in a Japanese Sign Language sentence. In: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 434\u2013439 (2000)","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2000.840671"},{"key":"159_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, M.: A vision-based method for recognizing non-manual information in Japanese Sign Language. In: International Conference on Advances in multimodal interfaces, pp. 572\u2013581 (2000)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-40063-X_75"},{"key":"159_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erdem, U., Sclaroff, S.: Automatic detection of relevant head gestures in American Sign Language communication. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol.\u00a0I, pp. 460\u2013463 (2002)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2002.1044759"},{"key":"159_CR47","unstructured":"Canzler, U., Dziurzyk, T.: Extraction of non manual features for videobased sign language recognition. In: Proceedings of IAPR Workshop on Machine Vision Applications, pp. 318\u2013321 (2002)"},{"key":"159_CR48","unstructured":"Yuan, Q., Gao, W., Yao, H., Wang, C.: Recognition of strong and weak connection models in continuous sign language. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, p. 10075 (2002)"},{"key":"159_CR49","unstructured":"Clendenin, M.: Chinese lab hopes to commercialize sign-language recognition platform (March 2003), http:\/\/www.eetimes.com\/article\/showArticle.jhtml?articleId=10801270"},{"key":"159_CR50","unstructured":"Zimmerman, G., Vanderheiden, G.: Modality translation and assistance services: A challenge for artificial intelligence. Journal of the Australian Society of Artificial Intelligence\u00a020 (2001)"},{"key":"159_CR51","unstructured":"Larson, J.A.: EMMA: W3C\u2019s extended multimodal annotation markup language. Speech Technology Magazine 8 (2003), http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/emma\/"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Computers Helping People with Special Needs"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-540-27817-7_159.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T20:43:46Z","timestamp":1740516226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-540-27817-7_159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004]]},"ISBN":["9783540223344","9783540278177"],"references-count":51,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-27817-7_159","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004]]}}}