{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T05:46:42Z","timestamp":1740894402374,"version":"3.38.0"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783540240297"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783540305484"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30548-4_32","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,8]],"date-time":"2011-01-08T01:24:10Z","timestamp":1294449850000},"page":"275-287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Recent Advances in Subspace Analysis for Face Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Qiong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaoou","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"32_CR1","volume-title":"The Model Method in Facial Recognition","author":"W. Bledsoe","year":"1964","unstructured":"Bledsoe, W.: The Model Method in Facial Recognition. Panoramic Research Inc., Palo Alto (1964)"},{"key":"32_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.4.000519","volume":"4","author":"L. Sirovich","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sirovich, L., Kirby, M.: Low-dimensional Procedure for the Characterization of Human Faces. Journal of the Optical Society of America A\u00a04, 519\u2013524 (1987)","journal-title":"Journal of the Optical Society of America A"},{"key":"32_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1109\/34.41390","volume":"12","author":"M. Kirby","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kirby, M., Sirovich, L.: Application of the Karhunen-Lo\u00e9ve Procedure for the Characterization of Human Faces. IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence\u00a012, 103\u2013108 (1990)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"32_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.1.71","volume":"3","author":"M. Turk","year":"1991","unstructured":"Turk, M., Pentland, A.: Eigenface for Recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience\u00a03, 72\u201386 (1991)","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"32_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pentland, A., Moghaddam, B., Starner, T.: View-based and Modular Eigenspaces for Face Recognition. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 84\u201391 (1994)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1994.323814"},{"key":"32_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598227","volume":"19","author":"B. Moghaddam","year":"1997","unstructured":"Moghaddam, B., Pentland, A.: Probabilistic Visual Learning for Object Representation. IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence\u00a019, 696\u2013710 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"32_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(99)00179-X","volume":"33","author":"B. Moghaddam","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moghaddam, B., Jebara, T., Pentland, A.: Bayesian Face Recognition. Pattern Recognition\u00a033, 1771\u20131782 (2000)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"32_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1109\/34.531802","volume":"18","author":"D.L. Swets","year":"1996","unstructured":"Swets, D.L., Weng, J.: Using Discriminant Eigenfeatures for Image Retrieval. IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence\u00a018, 831\u2013836 (1996)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"32_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598228","volume":"19","author":"P.N. Belhumeur","year":"1997","unstructured":"Belhumeur, P.N., Hespanha, J.P., Kriegman, D.J.: Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection. IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence\u00a019, 711\u2013720 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"32_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00162-X","volume":"34","author":"H. Yu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yu, H., Yang, J.: A Direct LDA Algorithm for High-dimensional Data with Application to Face Recognition. Pattern Recognition\u00a034, 2067\u20132070 (2001)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"32_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(99)00139-9","volume":"33","author":"L. Chen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chen, L., Liao, H., Ko, M., Lin, J., Yu, G.: A New Lda-based Face Recognition System Which Can Solve the Small Samples Size Problem. Journal of Pattern Recognition\u00a033, 1713\u20131726 (2000)","journal-title":"Journal of Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"32_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1109\/34.935849","volume":"23","author":"M. Loog","year":"2001","unstructured":"Loog, M., Duin, R.P.W., Haeb-Umbach, R.: Multiclass Linear Dimension Reduction by Weighted Pairwise Fisher Criteria. IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence\u00a023, 762\u2013766 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"32_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2307\/2289860","volume":"84","author":"J.H. Friedman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Friedman, J.H.: Regularized Discriminant Analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association\u00a084, 165\u2013175 (1989)","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"32_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1162\/089976698300017467","volume":"10","author":"B. Sch\u00f6lkopf","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6lkopf, B.: Nonlinear Component Analysis as a Kernel Eigenvalue Problem. Neural Computation\u00a010, 1299\u20131319 (1998)","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"32_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X\/7\/3\/002","volume":"7","author":"P.S. Penev","year":"1996","unstructured":"Penev, P.S., Atick, J.J.: Local Feature Analysis: A General Statistical Theory for Object Representation. Network Computation in Neural Systems\u00a07, 477\u2013500 (1996)","journal-title":"Network Computation in Neural Systems"},{"key":"32_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2002.804287","volume":"13","author":"M.S. Bartlett","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bartlett, M.S., Movellan, J.R., Sejnowski, T.J.: Face Recognition by Independent Component Analysis. IEEE Trans. On Neural Networks\u00a013, 1450\u20131464 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. On Neural Networks"},{"key":"32_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1162\/089976600300015312","volume":"12","author":"A. Hyv\u00e4rinen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hyv\u00e4rinen, A., Hoyer, P.O.: Emergence of Phase and Shift Invariant Features by Decomposition of Natural Images into Independent Feature Subspaces. Neural Computation\u00a012, 1705\u20131720 (2000)","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"32_CR18","first-page":"1525","volume":"13","author":"A. Hyv\u00e4rinen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hyv\u00e4rinen, A., Hoyer, P.O., Inki, M.: Topographic Independent Component Analysis. Neural Computation\u00a013, 1525\u20131558 (2001)","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"32_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moghaddam, B.: Principal Manifolds and Bayesian Subspaces for Visual Recognition. In: Proc. 7th IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. On Computer Vision, pp. 1131\u20131136 (1999)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1999.790407"},{"key":"32_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5500.2319","volume":"290","author":"J.B. Tenenbaum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tenenbaum, J.B., Silva, V., Langford, J.C.: A Global Geometric Framework for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction. Science\u00a0290, 2319\u20132323 (2000)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"32_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5500.2323","volume":"290","author":"S.T. Roweis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roweis, S.T., Saul, L.K.: Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction by Locally Linear Embedding. Science\u00a0290, 2323\u20132326 (2000)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"32_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S.Z., Hou, X.W., Zhang, H.J., Cheng, Q.S.: Learning Spatially Localized Parts-Based Representation. In: Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 207\u2013212 (2001)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990477"},{"key":"32_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1109\/12.210173","volume":"42","author":"M. Lades","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lades, M., Vorbr\u00fcggen, J.C., Buhmann, J., Lange, J., Malsburg, C., W\u00fcrtz, R.P., Konen, W.: Distortion Invariant Object Recognition in the Dynamic Link Architecture. IEEE Trans. On Computers\u00a042, 300\u2013311 (1993)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. On Computers"},{"key":"32_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598235","volume":"19","author":"L. Wiskott","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wiskott, L., Fellous, J.M., Kr\u00fcger, N., Malsburg, C.: Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence\u00a019, 775\u2013779 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"32_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-96384-1","volume-title":"Associative Memory: A System Theoretic Approach","author":"T. Kohonen","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kohonen, T.: Associative Memory: A System Theoretic Approach. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1977)"},{"key":"32_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1109\/72.363439","volume":"6","author":"S.Y. Kung","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kung, S.Y., Taur, J.S.: Decision-based Neural Networks with Signal Image Classification Applications. IEEE Trans. On Neural Networks\u00a06, 170\u2013181 (1995)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. On Neural Networks"},{"key":"32_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/0262-8856(94)90007-8","volume":"12","author":"F. Samaria","year":"1994","unstructured":"Samaria, F., Young, S.: HMM Based Architecture for Face Identification. Image and Computer Vision\u00a012, 537\u2013583 (1994)","journal-title":"Image and Computer Vision"},{"key":"32_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1109\/34.927467","volume":"23","author":"T.F. Cootes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cootes, T.F., Edwards, G.J., Taylor, C.J.: Active Appearance Models. IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence\u00a023, 681\u2013685 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"32_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moghaddam, B., Nastar, C., Pentland, A.: Bayesian Face Recognition Using Deformable Intensity Surfaces. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 638\u2013645 (1996)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1996.517140"},{"key":"32_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanz, V., Vetter, T.: A Morphable Model for the Synthesis of 3D Faces. In: Proc. SIGGRAPH, pp. 187\u2013194 (1999)","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311556"},{"key":"32_CR31","volume-title":"Subspace Methods of Pattern Recognition","author":"E. Oja","year":"1983","unstructured":"Oja, E.: Subspace Methods of Pattern Recognition. Research Studies Press, Letchworth (1983)"},{"key":"32_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasilescu, M.A.O., Terzopoulos, D.: Multilinear Subspace Analysis of Image Ensembles. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 93\u201399 (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2003.1211457"},{"key":"32_CR33","first-page":"1146","volume":"26","author":"Q. Yang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yang, Q., Ding, X.Q.: Symmetrical Principal Component Analysis and Its Application in Face Recognition. Chinese Journal of Computers\u00a026, 1146\u20131151 (2003)","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Computers"},{"key":"32_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.1261097","volume":"28","author":"J. Yang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yang, J., Zhang, D.: Two-Dimensional PCA: A New Approach to Appearance-Based Face Representation and Recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence\u00a028, 131\u2013137 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"32_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavalcanti, G.D.C., Filho, E.C.B.C.: Eigenbands Fusion for Frontal Face Recognition. Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Image Processing, 665\u2013668 (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2003.1247049"},{"key":"32_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etemad, K., Chellappa, R.: Face Recognition Using Discriminant Eigenvector. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u20191 Conf. On Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, pp. 2148\u20132151 (1996)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.1996.545741"},{"key":"32_CR37","unstructured":"Wang, X., Tang, X.: Random Sampling LDA for Face Recognition. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 259\u2013265 (2004)"},{"key":"32_CR38","unstructured":"Wang, X., Tang, X.: Dual-space Linear Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 564\u2013569 (2004)"},{"key":"32_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Tang, X.: Unified Subspace Analysis for Face Recognition. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Computer Vision, pp. 679\u2013686 (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2003.1238413"},{"key":"32_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.46","volume":"26","author":"P. Howland","year":"2004","unstructured":"Howland, P., Park, H.: Generalized Discriminant Analysis Using the Generalized Singular Value Decomposition. IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence\u00a026, 995\u20131006 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"32_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.37","volume":"26","author":"J.P. Ye","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ye, J.P., Janardan, R., Park, C.H., Park, H.: An Optimization Criterion for Generalized Discriminant Analysis on Undersampled Problems. IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence\u00a026, 982\u2013994 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"32_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2002.806629","volume":"14","author":"J.W. Lu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lu, J.W., Plataniotis, K.N., Venetsanopoulos, A.N.: Face Recognition Using Kernel Direct Discriminant Analysis Algorithms. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks\u00a014, 117\u2013126 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Networks"},{"key":"32_CR43","unstructured":"Lu, J.W., Plataniotis, K.N., Venetsanopoulos, A.N.: Regularized D-LDA for Face Recognition. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, pp. 125\u2013128 (2003)"},{"key":"32_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2002.806647","volume":"14","author":"J.W. Lu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lu, J.W., Plataniotis, K.N., Venetsanopoulos, A.N.: Face Recognition Using LDA-based Algorithms. IEEE Trans. On Neural Networks\u00a014, 195\u2013200 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. On Neural Networks"},{"key":"32_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, J.W., Plataniotis, K.N., Venetsanopoulos, A.N.: Boosting Linear Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Image Processing, pp. 657\u2013660 (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2003.1247047"},{"key":"32_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2004.831770","volume":"34","author":"X.J. Jing","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jing, X.J., Zhang, D., Tang, Y.-Y.: An Improved LDA Approach. IEEE Trans. On Systems, Man, and Cybernetics\u00a034, 1942\u20131951 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. On Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"},{"key":"32_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Q., Ding, X.Q.: Discriminant Local Feature Analysis of Facial Images. In: IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Image Processing, pp. 863\u2013866 (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2003.1246817"},{"key":"32_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2003.818352","volume":"14","author":"Q. Liu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liu, Q., Lu, H., Ma, S.: Improving Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition. IEEE Trans. On Circuits and Systems for Video Technology\u00a014, 42\u201349 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. On Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"key":"32_CR49","unstructured":"Huang, J., Yuen, P.C., Chen, W.S., Lai, J.H.: Kernel Subspace LDA with Optimized Kernel Parameters on Face Recognition. In: IEEE Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (2004)"},{"key":"32_CR50","unstructured":"Huang, J., Yuen, P.C., Chen, W.S., Lai, J.H.: Component-based LDA Method for Face Recognition with One Training Sample. In: IEEE Int\u2019l Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures, pp. 120\u2013126 (2003)"},{"key":"32_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Wang, Y., Li, S.Z., Tan, T.: Null Space-based Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition. In: IEEE Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (2004)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25976-3_4"},{"key":"32_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcel, S.: A Symmetric Transformation for LDA-based Face Verification. In: IEEE Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2004.1301532"},{"key":"32_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, X.J., Kittler, J., Yang, J.Y., Messer, K., Wang, S.: A New Direct LDA Algorithm for Feature Extraction in Face Recognition. In: IEEE Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. on Pattern Recognition, pp. 545\u2013548 (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2004.1333830"},{"key":"32_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Q., Tang, X., Lu, H., Ma, S.: Kernel Scatter-Difference Based Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Pattern Recognition, pp. 419\u2013422 (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2004.1334241"},{"key":"32_CR55","unstructured":"Kim, T.K., Kim, H., Hwang, W., Kee, S.-C., Kittler, J.: Independent Component Analysis in a Facial Local Residue Space. In: IEEE Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 579\u2013586 (2003)"},{"key":"32_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2003.813829","volume":"14","author":"C. Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu, C., Wechsler, H.: Independent Component Analysis of Gabor Features for Face Recognition. IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks\u00a014, 919\u2013928 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks"},{"key":"32_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2003.821449","volume":"34","author":"C. Liu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liu, C.: Enhanced Independent Component Analysis and Its Application to Content Based Face Image Retrieval. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics\u00a034, 1117\u20131127 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics"},{"key":"32_CR58","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Luo, S.: Genetic Algorithm Applied to ICA Feature Selection. In: Proc. Int\u2019l Joint Conf. on Neural Networks, pp. 704\u2013707 (2003)"},{"key":"32_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fortuna, J., Capson, D.: ICA Filters for Lighting Invariant Face Recognition. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Pattern Recognition, pp. 334\u2013337 (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2004.1334120"},{"key":"32_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sengupta, K., Burman, P.: Non-parametric Approach to ICA Using Kernel Density Estimation. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Multimedia and Expo, pp. 749\u2013752 (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2003.1221026"},{"key":"32_CR61","unstructured":"He, X., Yan, S.C., Hu, Y.X., Zhang, H.J.: Learning a Locality Preserving Subspace for Visual Recognition. In: IEEE Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. on Computer Vision, pp. 178\u2013185 (2003)"},{"key":"32_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, S.C., Zhang, H.J., Hu, Y.X., Zhang, B.Y., Cheng, Q.S.: Discriminant Analysis on Embedded Manifold. In: European Conf. on Computer Vision, pp. 121\u2013132 (2004)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24670-1_10"},{"key":"32_CR63","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Li, S.Z., Wang, J.: Nearest Manifold Approach for Face Recognition. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 223\u2013228 (2004)"},{"key":"32_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Chan, K.L., Wang, L.: Face Recognition based on Discriminative Manifold Learning. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Pattern Recognition, pp. 171\u2013174 (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2004.1333731"},{"key":"32_CR65","unstructured":"Li, Z., Tang, X.: Bayesian Face Recognition Using Support Vector Machine and Face Clustering. In: Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 374\u2013380 (2004)"},{"key":"32_CR66","unstructured":"Tang, X., Li, Z.: Frame Synchronization and Multi-level Subspace Analysis for Video based Face Recognition. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 902\u2013907 (2004)"},{"key":"32_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, X., Wang, X.: Face Sketch Synthesis and Recognition. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Computer Vision, pp. 687\u2013694 (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2003.1238414"},{"key":"32_CR68","unstructured":"Liu, W., Wang, Y., Li, S.Z., Tan, T.: Nearest Intra-Class Space Classifier for Face Recognition. In: IEEE Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. on Pattern Recognition (2004)"},{"key":"32_CR69","unstructured":"Li, J., Zhou, S., Shekhar, C.: A Comparison of Subspace Analysis for Face Recognition. In: Proc. IEEE Int\u2019l Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, pp. 121\u2013124 (2003)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Advances in Biometric Person Authentication"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-540-30548-4_32.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T14:48:15Z","timestamp":1740840495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-540-30548-4_32"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004]]},"ISBN":["9783540240297","9783540305484"],"references-count":69,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-30548-4_32","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004]]}}}