{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T23:53:18Z","timestamp":1743033198147,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783540402176"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783540448716"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-44871-6_122","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,26]],"date-time":"2010-10-26T10:17:11Z","timestamp":1288088231000},"page":"1057-1065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Smoothing Techniques for Tree-k-Grammar-Based Natural Language Modeling"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Jose L.","family":"Verd\u00fa-Mas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Calera-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael C.","family":"Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"122_CR1","first-page":"742","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Artificial Inteligence","author":"E. Charniak","year":"1994","unstructured":"Charniak, E., Carroll, G.: Context-sensitive statistics for improved grammatical language models. In: Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Artificial Inteligence, Seattle, WA, pp. 742\u2013747. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (1994)"},{"issue":"4","key":"122_CR2","first-page":"613","volume":"24","author":"M. Johnson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Johnson, M.: PCFG models of linguistic tree representations. Computational Linguistics\u00a024(4), 613\u2013632 (1998)","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"122_CR3","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-70659-3_5","volume-title":"Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition","author":"J.L. Verd\u00fa-Mas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Verd\u00fa-Mas, J.L., Forcada, M.L., Carrasco, R.C., Calera-Rubio, J.: Tree k-grammar models for natural language modelling and parsing. In: Caelli, T.M., Amin, A., Duin, R.P.W., Kamel, M.S., de Ridder, D. (eds.) SPR 2002 and SSPR 2002. LNCS, vol.\u00a02396, pp. 56\u201363. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)"},{"key":"122_CR4","unstructured":"Charniak, E.: Treebank grammars. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1031\u20131036. AAAI Press\/MIT Press (1996)"},{"issue":"4","key":"122_CR5","first-page":"467","volume":"18","author":"P.F. Brown","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brown, P.F., Della Pietra, V.J., deSouza, P.V., Lai, J.C., Mercer, R.L.: Class-based n-gram models of natural language. Computational Linguistics\u00a018(4), 467\u2013479 (1992)","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"122_CR6","first-page":"310","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"S.F. Chen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chen, S.F., Goodman, J.: An empirical study of smoothing techniques for language modeling. In: Joshi, A., Palmer, M. (eds.) Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, San Francisco, pp. 310\u2013318. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco (1996)"},{"key":"122_CR7","first-page":"313","volume":"19","author":"M.P. Marcus","year":"1993","unstructured":"Marcus, M.P., Santorini, B., Marcinkiewicz, M.A.: Building a large annotated corpus of english: the penn treebank. Computational Linguistics\u00a019, 313\u2013330 (1993)","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"122_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1137\/S0097539789164078","volume":"26","author":"M. Nivat","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nivat, M., Podelski, A.: Minimal ascending and descending tree automata. SIAM Journal on Computing\u00a026(1), 39\u201358 (1997)","journal-title":"SIAM Journal on Computing"},{"key":"122_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-051584-7.50046-2","volume-title":"Readings in Speech Recognition","author":"L.R. Bahl","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bahl, L.R., Brown, P.F., de Souza, P.V., Mercer, R.L.: A tree-based statistical language model for natural language speech recognition. In: Waibel, A., Lee, K.F. (eds.) Readings in Speech Recognition, pp. 507\u2013514. Kaufmann, San Mateo (1990)"},{"key":"122_CR10","unstructured":"Stolcke, A.: An efficient probabilistic context-free parsing algorithm that computes prefix probabilities. In: Computational Linguistics, MIT Press for the Association for Computational Linguistics, vol. 21 (1995)"},{"key":"122_CR11","first-page":"306","volume-title":"Proc. Speech and Natural Language Workshop 1991","author":"E. Black","year":"1991","unstructured":"Black, E., Abney, S., Flickinger, D., Gdaniec, C., Grishman, R., Harrison, P., Hindle, D., Ingria, R., Jelinek, F., Klavans, J., Liberman, M., Marcus, M., Roukos, S., Santorini, B., Strzalkowski, T.: A procedure for quantitatively comparing the syntatic coverage of english grammars. In: Proc. Speech and Natural Language Workshop 1991, San Mateo, CA, pp. 306\u2013311. Morgan Kauffmann, San Francisco (1991)"},{"key":"122_CR12","volume-title":"Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing","author":"C.D. Manning","year":"1999","unstructured":"Manning, C.D., Schutze, H.: Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing. MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-540-44871-6_122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T04:04:58Z","timestamp":1581307498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-540-44871-6_122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"ISBN":["9783540402176","9783540448716"],"references-count":12,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-44871-6_122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 September 2003","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}