{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T15:22:17Z","timestamp":1761578537476},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783642037665"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783642037672"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03767-2_23","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,28]],"date-time":"2009-08-28T11:29:00Z","timestamp":1251458940000},"page":"189-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Improved Handwriting Recognition by Combining Two Forms of Hidden Markov Models and a Recurrent Neural Network"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Volkmar","family":"Frinken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Bunke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trinh-Minh-Tri","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Artieres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"23_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(01)00129-7","volume":"35","author":"A. Vinciarelli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vinciarelli, A.: A Survey On Off-Line Cursive Word Recognition. Pattern Recognition\u00a035(7), 1433\u20131446 (2002)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"23_CR2","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24642-8_7","volume-title":"Reading and Learning","author":"A. Brakensiek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brakensiek, A., Rigoll, G.: Handwritten Address Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models. In: Dengel, A.R., Junker, M., Weisbecker, A. (eds.) Reading and Learning. LNCS, vol.\u00a02956, pp. 103\u2013122. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)"},{"issue":"1","key":"23_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s100320050035","volume":"2","author":"G. Kim","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kim, G., Govindaraju, V., Srihari, S.N.: An architecture for handwritten text recognition systems. Int\u2019l Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition\u00a02(1), 37\u201344 (1999)","journal-title":"Int\u2019l Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition"},{"key":"23_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Do, T.-M.-T., Artieres, T.: Maximum Margin Training of Gaussian HMMs for Handwriting Recognition. In: 10th Int\u2019l Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.221"},{"key":"23_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graves, A., Fern\u00e1ndez, S., Gomez, F., Schmidhuber, J.: Connectionist Temporal Classification: Labelling Unsegmented Sequential Data with Recurrent Neural Networks. In: 23rd Int\u2019l Conf. on Machine Learning, pp. 369\u2013376 (2006)","DOI":"10.1145\/1143844.1143891"},{"key":"23_CR6","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume-title":"Multiple Classifier Systems","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kittler, J., Roli, F. (eds.): MCS 2000. LNCS, vol.\u00a01857. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)"},{"key":"23_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471660264","volume-title":"Combining Pattern Classifiers : Methods and Algorithms","author":"L.I. Kuncheva","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kuncheva, L.I.: Combining Pattern Classifiers: Methods and Algorithms. Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken (2004)"},{"issue":"4","key":"23_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-002-0088-2","volume":"5","author":"S. G\u00fcnter","year":"2003","unstructured":"G\u00fcnter, S., Bunke, H.: Ensembles of Classifiers for Handwritten Word Recognition. Int\u2019l Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition\u00a05(4), 224\u2013232 (2003)","journal-title":"Int\u2019l Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition"},{"issue":"9","key":"23_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00046-0","volume":"22","author":"B.K. Verma","year":"2001","unstructured":"Verma, B.K., Gader, P.D., Chen, W.-T.: Fusion of multiple handwritten word recognition techniques. Pattern Recognition Letters\u00a022(9), 991\u2013998 (2001)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"23_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Brakensiek, A., Rigoll, G.: Combination of Multiple Classifiers for Handwritten Word Recognition. In: Int\u2019l Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, pp. 117\u2013122 (2002)","DOI":"10.1109\/IWFHR.2002.1030896"},{"key":"23_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s100320200071","volume":"5","author":"U.-V. Marti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marti, U.-V., Bunke, H.: The IAM-Database: An English Sentence Database for Offline Handwriting Recognition. Int\u2019l Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition\u00a05, 39\u201346 (2002)","journal-title":"Int\u2019l Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition"},{"key":"23_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001401000848","volume":"15","author":"U.-V. Marti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marti, U.-V., Bunke, H.: Using a Statistical Language Model to Improve the Performance of an HMM-Based Cursive Handwriting Recognition System. Int\u2019l Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence\u00a015, 65\u201390 (2001)","journal-title":"Int\u2019l Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"23_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, D., Deng, L.: Large-Margin Discriminative Training of Hidden Markov Models for Speech Recognition. In: First IEEE Int\u2019l Conference on Semantic Computing, pp. 429\u2013438 (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSC.2007.11"},{"key":"23_CR14","volume-title":"NIPS","author":"F. Sha","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sha, F., Saul, L.K.: Large Margin Hidden Markov Models for Automatic Speech Recognition. In: NIPS. MIT Press, Cambridge (2007)"},{"key":"23_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Do, T.-M.-T., Artieres, T.: Large Margin Trainng for Hidden Markov Models with Partially Observed States. In: 26th Int\u2019l Conference on Machine Learning (2009)","DOI":"10.1145\/1553374.1553408"},{"key":"23_CR16","unstructured":"Graves, A., Liwicki, M., Fern\u00e1ndez, S., Bertolami, R., Bunke, H., Schmidhuber, J.: A Novel Connectionist System for Unconstrained Handwriting Recognition. IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (accepted for publication)"},{"issue":"2","key":"23_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022859003006","volume":"51","author":"L.I. Kuncheva","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kuncheva, L.I., Whitaker, C.J.: Measures of Diversity in Classifier Ensembles and Their Relationship with the Ensemble Accuracy. Machine Learning\u00a051(2), 181\u2013207 (2003)","journal-title":"Machine Learning"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-642-03767-2_23.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T21:36:14Z","timestamp":1606167374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-642-03767-2_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"ISBN":["9783642037665","9783642037672"],"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-03767-2_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}