{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T23:20:44Z","timestamp":1743117644585,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783642130588"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783642130595"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13059-5_18","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,11]],"date-time":"2010-05-11T13:49:11Z","timestamp":1273585751000},"page":"173-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Offline Recognition of Handwritten Numeral Characters with Polynomial Neural Networks Using Topological Features"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"El-Sayed M.","family":"El-Alfy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"18_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00085-2","volume":"36","author":"C. Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu, C., Nakashima, K., Sako, H., Fujisawa, H.: Handwritten Digit Recognition: Benchmarking of State-of-the-Art Techniques. Pattern Recognition\u00a036, 2271\u20132285 (2003)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"18_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.03.014","volume":"42","author":"M. Cheriet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cheriet, M., El Yacoubi, M., Fujisawa, H., Lopresti, D., Lorette, G.: Handwriting Recognition Research: Twenty Years of Achievement and Beyond. Pattern Recognition\u00a042, 3131\u20133135 (2009)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"18_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1109\/72.471357","volume":"6","author":"W.E. Weideman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weideman, W.E., Manry, M.T., Yau, H.-C., Gong, W.: Comparisons of a Neural Network and a Nearest-Neighbor Classifier via the Numeric Handprint Recognition Problem. IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks\u00a06, 1524\u20131530 (1995)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks"},{"key":"18_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alaei, A., Nagabhushan, P., Pal, U.: Fine Classification of Unconstrained Handwritten Persian\/Arabic Numerals by Removing Confusion amongst Similar Classes. In: International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 601\u2013605 (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.181"},{"key":"18_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2006.07.001","volume":"40","author":"Y. Wen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wen, Y., Lu, Y., Shi, P.: Handwritten Bangla Numeral Recognition System and Its Application to Postal Automation. Pattern Recognition\u00a040, 99\u2013107 (2007)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"18_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(98)00034-8","volume":"19","author":"Y. Mizukami","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mizukami, Y.: A Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition System Using Hierarchical Displacement Extraction Based on Directional Features. Pattern Recognition Letters\u00a019, 595\u2013604 (1998)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"18_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2008.12.022","volume":"89","author":"S. Awaidah","year":"2009","unstructured":"Awaidah, S., Mahmoud, S.: A Multiple Feature\/Resolution Scheme to Arabic (Indian) Numerals Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models. Signal Processing\u00a089, 1176\u20131184 (2009)","journal-title":"Signal Processing"},{"key":"18_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1109\/34.824821","volume":"22","author":"R. Plamondon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Plamondon, R., Srihari, S.: Online and Off-line Handwriting Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence\u00a022, 63\u201384 (2000)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"18_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00224-3","volume":"37","author":"C. Liu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liu, C., Nakashima, K., Sako, H., Fujisawa, H.: Handwritten Digit Recognition: Investigation of Normalization and Feature Extraction Techniques. Pattern Recognition\u00a037, 265\u2013279 (2004)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"18_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00088-5","volume":"23","author":"Z. Ping","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ping, Z., Lihui, C.: A Novel Feature Extraction Method and Hybrid Tree Classification for Handwritten Numeral Recognition. Pattern Recognition Letters\u00a023, 45\u201356 (2002)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"18_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmoud, S.: Arabic (Indian) Handwritten Digits Recognition Using Gabor-Based Features. In: International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology, pp. 683\u2013687 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/INNOVATIONS.2008.4781779"},{"key":"18_CR12","first-page":"253","volume":"2","author":"W. Gong","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gong, W., Yau, H.-C., Manry, M.T.: Non-Gaussian Feature Analyses Using a Neural Network. Progress in Neural Networks\u00a02, 253\u2013269 (1994)","journal-title":"Progress in Neural Networks"},{"key":"18_CR13","unstructured":"Sadri, J., Suen, C.Y., Bui, T.D.: Application of Support Vector Machines for Recognition of Handwritten Arabic\/Persian Digits. In: Proceeding of the Second Conference on Machine Vision and Image Processing & Applications (MVIP 2003), Tehran, Iran (2003)"},{"key":"18_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadok, M., Alouani, A.: A Fuzzy Logic Based Handwritten Numeral Recognition Expert System. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, pp. 34\u201338 (1997)","DOI":"10.1109\/SSST.1997.581574"},{"key":"18_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1109\/34.877516","volume":"22","author":"D. Kim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kim, D., Bang, S.-Y.: A Handwritten Numeral Character Classification Using Tolerant Rough Set. IEEE Tran. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence\u00a022, 923\u2013937 (2000)","journal-title":"IEEE Tran. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"18_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(97)00056-1","volume":"18","author":"Y. Hwang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hwang, Y., Bang, S.: Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals by a Radial Basis Function Neural Network Classifier. Pattern Recognition Letters\u00a018, 657\u2013664 (1997)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"18_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00069-6","volume":"30","author":"J. Cao","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cao, J., Ahmadi, M., Shridhar, M.: A Hierarchical Neural Network Architecture for Handwritten Numeral Recognition. Pattern Recognition\u00a030, 289\u2013294 (1997)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"18_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2008.02.004","volume":"72","author":"R.E. Abdel-Aal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abdel-Aal, R.E., El-Alfy, E.-S.M.: Constructing Optimal Educational Tests Using GMDH-Based Item Ranking and Selection. Neurocomputing\u00a072, 1184\u20131197 (2009)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"18_CR19","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Self-organizing Methods in Modeling: GMDH Type Algorithms","author":"A.R. Barron","year":"1984","unstructured":"Barron, A.R.: Predicted Squared Error: A Criterion for Automatic Model Selection. In: Farlow, S.J. (ed.) Self-organizing Methods in Modeling: GMDH Type Algorithms, pp. 87\u2013103. Marcel Dekker, New York (1984)"},{"key":"18_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511809071","volume-title":"Introduction to Information Retrieval","author":"C.D. Manning","year":"2008","unstructured":"Manning, C.D., Raghavan, P., Sch\u00fctze, H.: Introduction to Information Retrieval. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Advances in Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-642-13059-5_18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T19:40:29Z","timestamp":1740080429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-642-13059-5_18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"ISBN":["9783642130588","9783642130595"],"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-13059-5_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}}}