{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T04:56:31Z","timestamp":1782622591325,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783642143625","type":"print"},{"value":"9783642143632","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14363-2_3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,20]],"date-time":"2010-09-20T14:13:53Z","timestamp":1284992033000},"page":"33-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Rule-Based Cognitive Modeling for Intelligent Tutoring Systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Vincent","family":"Aleven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog2602_1","volume":"26","author":"V. Aleven","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aleven, V., Koedinger, K.R.: An effective meta-cognitive strategy: learning by doing and explaining with a computer-based Cognitive Tutor. Cognitive Science\u00a026(2), 147\u2013179 (2002)","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2009.22","volume":"2","author":"V. Aleven","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aleven, V., McLaren, B.M., Sewall, J.: Scaling up programming by demonstration for intelligent tutoring systems development: An open-access website for middle-school mathematics learning. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies\u00a02(2), 64\u201378 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies"},{"key":"3_CR3","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/11774303_7","volume-title":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems","author":"V. Aleven","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aleven, V., McLaren, B.M., Sewall, J., Koedinger, K.R.: The Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools (CTAT): Preliminary evaluation of efficiency gains. In: Ikeda, M., Ashley, K.D., Chan, T.W. (eds.) ITS 2006. LNCS, vol.\u00a04053, pp. 61\u201370. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR4","first-page":"105","volume":"19","author":"V. Aleven","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aleven, V., McLaren, B.M., Sewall, J., Koedinger, K.R.: A new paradigm for intelligent tutoring systems: Example-tracing tutors. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education\u00a019(2), 105\u2013154 (2009)","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"key":"3_CR5","volume-title":"Rules of the mind","author":"J.R. Anderson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Anderson, J.R.: Rules of the mind. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale (1993)"},{"key":"3_CR6","volume-title":"The atomic components of thought","author":"J.R. Anderson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Anderson, J.R., Lebiere, C.: The atomic components of thought. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah (1998)"},{"key":"3_CR7","unstructured":"Anderson, J.R., Pelletier, R.: A development system for model-tracing tutors. In: Birnbaum, L. (ed.) Proceedings of the international conference of the learning sciences. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education, pp. 1\u20138, Charlottesville, VA (1991)"},{"issue":"4698","key":"3_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1126\/science.228.4698.456","volume":"228","author":"J.R. Anderson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Anderson, J.R., Boyle, C.F., Reiser, B.J.: Intelligent tutoring systems. Science\u00a0228(4698), 456\u2013462 (1985)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3_CR9","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th international joint conference on artificial intelligence","author":"J.R. Anderson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Anderson, J.R., Boyle, C.F., Yost, G.: The geometry tutor. In: Joshi, A. (ed.) Proceedings of the 9th international joint conference on artificial intelligence, pp. 1\u20137. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1985)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls0402_2","volume":"4","author":"J.R. Anderson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Anderson, J.R., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R., Pelletier, R.: Cognitive tutors: Lessons learned. The Journal of the Learning Sciences\u00a04(2), 167\u2013207 (1995)","journal-title":"The Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"3_CR11","first-page":"3","volume":"1","author":"R.S.J.d. Baker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baker, R.S.J.d., Yacef, K.: The state of educational data mining in 2009: A review and future visions. Journal of Educational Data Mining, 1(1): 3-17 (2009)","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Data Mining"},{"issue":"4","key":"3_CR12","first-page":"341","volume":"17","author":"R.S.J.d. Baker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R.: The difficulty factors approach to the design of lessons in intelligent tutor curricula. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Education, 17(4): 341-369 (2007)","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Education"},{"key":"3_CR13","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","author":"K. Butcher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Butcher, K., Aleven, V.: Integrating visual and verbal knowledge during classroom learning with computer tutors. In: McNamara, D.S., Trafton, J.G. (eds.) Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society, Austin (2007)"},{"key":"3_CR14","first-page":"894","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci 2008","author":"K. Butcher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Butcher, K., Aleven, V.: Diagram interaction during intelligent tutoring in geometry: Support for knowledge retention and deep transfer. In: Schunn, C. (ed.) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci 2008, pp. 894\u2013899. Lawrence Erlbaum, New York (2008)"},{"key":"3_CR15","unstructured":"Butcher, K., Aleven, V.: Learning during intelligent tutoring: when do integrated visual-verbal representations improve student outcomes? In: The 32nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci 2010 (in press, 2010)"},{"key":"3_CR16","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/11774303_17","volume-title":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems","author":"H. Cen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cen, H., Koedinger, K.R., Junker, B.: Learning factors analysis - A general method for cognitive model evaluation and improvement. In: Ikeda, M., Ashley, K.D., Chan, T.W. (eds.) ITS 2006. LNCS, vol.\u00a04053, pp. 164\u2013175. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)"},{"key":"3_CR17","first-page":"511","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th international conference on artificial intelligence in education (AIED 2007)","author":"H. Cen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cen, H., Koedinger, K.R., Junker, B.: Is over practice necessary? Improving learning efficiency with the cognitive tutor through educational data mining. In: Luckin, R., Koedinger, K.R., Greer, J. (eds.) Proceedings of the 13th international conference on artificial intelligence in education (AIED 2007), pp. 511\u2013518. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2007)"},{"key":"3_CR18","volume-title":"Handbook of research on educational communications and technology","author":"R.E. Clark","year":"2007","unstructured":"Clark, R.E., Feldon, D., van Merri\u00ebnboer, J., Yates, K., Early, S.: Cognitive task analysis. In: Spector, J.M., Merrill, M.D., van Merri\u00ebnboer, J.J.G., Driscoll, M.P. (eds.) Handbook of research on educational communications and technology, 3rd edn., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah (2007)","edition":"3"},{"issue":"4","key":"3_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01099821","volume":"4","author":"A.T. Corbett","year":"1995","unstructured":"Corbett, A.T., Anderson, J.R.: Knowledge tracing: Modeling the acquisition of procedural knowledge. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction\u00a04(4), 253\u2013278 (1995)","journal-title":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction"},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2190\/EC.42.2.e","volume":"42","author":"A. Corbett","year":"2010","unstructured":"Corbett, A., Kauffman, L., MacLaren, B., Wagner, A., Jones, E.: A Cognitive Tutor for genetics problem solving: Learning gains and student modeling. Journal of Educational Computing Research\u00a042(2), 219\u2013239 (2010)","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"3_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026505626690","volume":"10","author":"A. Corbett","year":"2000","unstructured":"Corbett, A., McLaughlin, M., Scarpinatto, K.C.: Modeling student knowledge: Cognitive tutors in high school and college. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction\u00a010(2-3), 81\u2013108 (2000)","journal-title":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction"},{"issue":"1","key":"3_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2005.01.005","volume":"36","author":"R.S. Crowley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Crowley, R.S., Medvedeva, O.: An intelligent tutoring system for visual classification problem solving. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine\u00a036(1), 85\u2013117 (2006)","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine"},{"key":"3_CR23","unstructured":"Friedman-Hill, E.: JESS in action. Manning, Greenwich, CT (2003)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03212979","volume":"7","author":"A. Heathcote","year":"2000","unstructured":"Heathcote, A., Brown, S., Mewhort, D.J.K.: The power law repealed: The case for an exponential law of practice. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review\u00a07(2), 185\u2013207 (2000)","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"3_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-007-9049-0","volume":"19","author":"K.R. Koedinger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Koedinger, K.R., Aleven, V.: Exploring the assistance dilemma in experiments with Cognitive Tutors. Educational Psychology Review\u00a019(3), 239\u2013264 (2007)","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"3_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1404_2","volume":"14","author":"K.R. Koedinger","year":"1990","unstructured":"Koedinger, K.R., Anderson, J.R.: Abstract planning and perceptual chunks: Elements of expertise in geometry. Cognitive Science\u00a014, 511\u2013550 (1990)","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"3_CR27","volume-title":"Computers as cognitive tool","author":"K.R. Koedinger","year":"1993","unstructured":"Koedinger, K.R., Anderson, J.R.: Reifying implicit planning in geometry: Guidelines for model-based intelligent tutoring system design. In: Lajoie, S.P., Derry, S.J. (eds.) Computers as cognitive tool. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale (1993)"},{"key":"3_CR28","volume-title":"The Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences","author":"K.R. Koedinger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koedinger, K.R., Corbett, A.T.: Cognitive tutors: Technology bringing learning sciences to the classroom. In: Sawyer, R.K. (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences. Cambridge University Press, New York (2006)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1302_1","volume":"13","author":"K.R. Koedinger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Koedinger, K.R., Nathan, M.J.: The real story behind story problems: Effects of representations on quantitative reasoning. The Journal of the Learning Sciences\u00a013(2), 129\u2013164 (2004)","journal-title":"The Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"3_CR30","first-page":"30","volume":"8","author":"K.R. Koedinger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Koedinger, K.R., Anderson, J.R., Hadley, W.H., Mark, M.A.: Intelligent tutoring goes to school in the big city. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education\u00a08(1), 30\u201343 (1997)","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"key":"3_CR31","unstructured":"Koedinger, K.R., Baker, R., Cunningham, K., Skogsholm, A., Leber, B., Stamper, J.: A Data Repository for the EDM community: The PSLC DataShop. In: Romero, C., Ventura, S., Pechenizkiy, M., Baker, R.S.J.d. (eds.) To appear in Handbook of Educational Data Mining. CRC Press, Boca Raton (in press)"},{"key":"3_CR32","unstructured":"Koedinger, K.R., Corbett, A.T., Ritter, S., Shapiro, L.: Carnegie learning\u2019s cognitive tutor: Summary research results. White paper, Carnegie Learning Inc., Pittsburgh, PA (2000) e-mail: info@carnegielearning.com, web: \n                      http:\/\/www.carnegielearning.com"},{"issue":"4","key":"3_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326985ep4004_7","volume":"40","author":"S.A. Mathan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mathan, S.A., Koedinger, K.R.: Fostering the intelligent novice: Learning from errors with metacognitive tutoring. Educational Psychologist\u00a040(4), 257\u2013265 (2005)","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"key":"3_CR34","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems IEA\/AIE-2001","author":"A. Mitrovic","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mitrovic, A., Mayo, M., Suraweera, P., Martin, B.: Constraint-based tutors: A success story. In: Monostori, L., Vancza, J., Ali, M. (eds.) Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems IEA\/AIE-2001. Springer, Berlin (2001)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR35","first-page":"155","volume":"19","author":"A. Mitrovic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mitrovic, A., Martin, B., Suraweera, P., Zakharov, K., Milik, N., Holland, J.: ASPIRE: An authoring system and deployment environment for constraint-based tutors. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education\u00a019(2), 155\u2013188 (2009)","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"key":"3_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0819-7","volume-title":"Authoring tools for advanced learning environments","author":"T. Murray","year":"2003","unstructured":"Murray, T.: An overview of intelligent tutoring system authoring tools: Updated analysis of the state of the art. In: Murray, T., Blessing, S., Ainsworth, S. (eds.) Authoring tools for advanced learning environments. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2003)"},{"key":"3_CR37","unstructured":"NCTM, Professional Standards for Teaching Mathematics. VA, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Reston (1991)"},{"key":"3_CR38","volume-title":"Cognitive skills and their acquisition","author":"A. Newell","year":"1981","unstructured":"Newell, A., Rosenbloom, P.S.: Mechanisms of skill acquisition and the law of practice. In: Anderson, J.R. (ed.) Cognitive skills and their acquisition. Erlbaum, Hillsdale (1981)"},{"key":"3_CR39","volume-title":"Human problem solving","author":"A. Newell","year":"1972","unstructured":"Newell, A., Simon, H.A.: Human problem solving. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1972)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194060","volume":"14","author":"S. Ritter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ritter, S., Anderson, J.R., Koedinger, K.R., Corbett, A.: Cognitive tutor: Applied research in mathematics education. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review\u00a014(2), 249\u2013255 (2007)","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"3_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roll, I., Koedinger, K., Aleven, V.: The Invention Lab: Using a hybrid of model tracing and constraint-based tutoring to offer intelligent support in inquiry environments. To appear in the Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, ITS 2010 (in press, 2010)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13388-6_16"},{"issue":"3","key":"3_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022193728205","volume":"10","author":"J. Sweller","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sweller, J., van Merri\u00ebnboer, J.J.G.: Paas FGWC, Cognitive architecture and instructional design. Educational Psychology Review\u00a010(3), 151\u2013296 (1998)","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"3_CR43","first-page":"227","volume":"16","author":"K. VanLehn","year":"2006","unstructured":"VanLehn, K.: The behavior of tutoring systems. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education\u00a016(3), 227\u2013265 (2006)","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"3_CR44","first-page":"147","volume":"15","author":"K. VanLehn","year":"2005","unstructured":"VanLehn, K., Lynch, C., Schultz, K., Shapiro, J.A., Shelby, R.H., Taylor, L., Treacy, D., Weinstein, A., Wintersgill, M.: The Andes physics tutoring system: Lessons learned. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education\u00a015(3), 147\u2013204 (2005)","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"key":"3_CR45","volume-title":"Proceedings of the sixth national conference on artificial intelligence","author":"B.P. Woolf","year":"1987","unstructured":"Woolf, B.P., Cunningham, P.: Building a community memory for intelligent tutoring systems. In: Forbus, K., Shrobe, H. (eds.) Proceedings of the sixth national conference on artificial intelligence. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (1987)"}],"container-title":["Studies in Computational Intelligence","Advances in Intelligent Tutoring Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-642-14363-2_3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T21:05:41Z","timestamp":1674507941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-642-14363-2_3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"ISBN":["9783642143625","9783642143632"],"references-count":45,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-14363-2_3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1860-949X","1860-9503"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1860-949X","type":"print"},{"value":"1860-9503","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}}}