{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T07:21:13Z","timestamp":1782631273245,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":118,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783642207945","type":"print"},{"value":"9783642207952","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20795-2_6","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,6]],"date-time":"2011-05-06T10:29:17Z","timestamp":1304677757000},"page":"134-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Ontology Population and Enrichment: State of the Art"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Georgios","family":"Petasis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vangelis","family":"Karkaletsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Paliouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Krithara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Zavitsanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"6_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agichtein, E., Gravano, L.: Snowball: Extracting Relations from Large Plain-Text Collections. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries (ACM DL), pp. 85\u201394 (2000)","DOI":"10.1145\/336597.336644"},{"key":"6_CR2","unstructured":"Agirre, E., Ansa, O., Hovy, E., Martinez, D.: Enriching Very Large Ontologies Using the WWW. In: Workshop on Ontology Construction of the European Conference of A.I., ECAI 2000 (2000)"},{"key":"6_CR3","volume-title":"What is a term? The Semi-Automatic Extraction of Terms from Text","author":"K. Ahmad","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ahmad, K., Davies, A., Fulford, H., Rogers, M.: What is a term? The Semi-Automatic Extraction of Terms from Text. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam (1994)"},{"key":"6_CR4","unstructured":"Alani, H., Sanghee, K., Millard, E.D., Weal, J.M., Lewis, P.H., Hall, W., Shadbolt, N.: Automatic Extraction of Knowledge from Web Documents. In: Proceeding of (HLT 2003) (2003)"},{"key":"6_CR5","unstructured":"Alani, H., Sanghee, K., Millard, E.D., Weal, J.M., Lewis, P.H., Hall, W., Shadbolt, N.: Web based Knowledge Extraction and Consolidation for Automatic Ontology Instantiation. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Knowledge Markup and Semantic Annotation at the Second International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-CAP 2003), Florida, USA (2003)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2003.1179189","volume":"18","author":"H. Alani","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alani, H., Kim, S., Millard, D.E., Weal, M.J., Hall, W., Lewis, P.H., Shadbolt, N.R.: Automatic Ontology-Based Knowledge Extraction from Web Documents. IEEE Intelligent Systems\u00a018(1), 14\u201321 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"6_CR7","unstructured":"Alfonseca, E., Ruiz-Casado, M., Okumura, M., Castells, P.: Towards Large-scale Non-taxonomic Relation Extraction: Estimating the Precision of Rote Extractors. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Ontology Learning and Population: Bridging the Gap between Text and Knowledge \u2013 OLP 2006, Sydney, Australia, pp. 49\u201356 (July 2006)"},{"key":"6_CR8","unstructured":"Aussenac-Gilles, N., Biebow, B., Szulman, S. (eds.): EKAW 2000 Workshop on Ontologies and Texts (2000), http:\/\/CEURWS.org\/Vol-51\/CEUR"},{"key":"6_CR9","unstructured":"Aussenac-Gilles, N., Maedche, A. (eds.): ECAI 2002 Workshop on Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing for Ontolology Learning (2002), http:\/\/www.inria.fr\/acacia\/OLT2002"},{"key":"6_CR10","unstructured":"Baroni, M., Bisi, S.: Using cooccurrence statistics & the web to discover synonyms in a technical language. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, vol.\u00a05, pp. 1725\u20131728 (2004)"},{"key":"6_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burton Jones, A., Veda Storey, C., Sugumaran, V., Ahluwalia, P.: A Semiotic Suite for Assessing the Quality of Ontologies. Data and Knowledge Engineering (2004)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2004.11.010"},{"key":"6_CR12","first-page":"993","volume":"3","author":"D.M. Blei","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blei, D.M., Ng, A.Y., Jordan, M.I.: Latent Dirichlet Allocation. Journal of Machine Learning Research\u00a03, 993\u20131022 (2003)","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"6_CR13","unstructured":"Blei, D.M., Griffiths, T.L., Jordan, M.I., Tenenbaum, J.B.: Hierarchical Topic Models and the Nested Chinese Restaurant Process. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems\u00a016 (2004)"},{"key":"6_CR14","unstructured":"Brank, J., Mladenic, D., Grobelnik, M.: Gold standard based ontology evaluation using instance assignment. In: Proceedings of the EON Workshop (2006)"},{"key":"6_CR15","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36271-1_18","volume-title":"Natural Language Processing and Information Systems","author":"C. Brewster","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brewster, C., Ciravegna, F., Wilks, Y.: User-Centred Ontology Learning for Knowledge Management. In: Andersson, B., Bergholtz, M., Johannesson, P. (eds.) NLDB 2002. LNCS, vol.\u00a02553, pp. 203\u2013207. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)"},{"key":"6_CR16","unstructured":"Brewster, C., Alani, H., Dasmahapatra, S., Wilks, Y.: Data driven ontology evaluation. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (2004)"},{"key":"6_CR17","unstructured":"Brewster, C., Iria, J., Zhang, Z., Ciravegna, F., Guthrie, L., Wilks, Y.: Dynamic Iterative Ontology Learning. In: Proceedings of Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP 2007), Borovets, Bulgaria (2007)"},{"key":"6_CR18","unstructured":"Buitelaar, P., Handschuh, S., Magnini, B. (eds.): Proceedings of the ECAI 2004 Workshop on Ontologies, Learning and Population (2004)"},{"key":"6_CR19","volume-title":"Ontology Learning from Text: Methods, Evaluation and Applications","author":"P. Buitelaar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buitelaar, P., Cimiano, P., Magnini, B.: Ontology Learning from Text: Methods, Evaluation and Applications. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2005) ISBN: 1-58603-523-1"},{"key":"6_CR20","unstructured":"Buitelaar, P., Cimiano, P., Loos, B.: Bringing the Gap between Text and Knowledge. In: Workshop on Ontology Learning and Population (2006)"},{"key":"6_CR21","unstructured":"Buitelaar, P., Cimiano, P., Racioppa, S., Siegel, M.: Ontology-based Information Extraction with SOBA. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, pp. 2321\u20132324. ELRA (May 2006)"},{"key":"6_CR22","unstructured":"Buitelaar, P., Cimiano, P., Paliouras, G., Spiliopoulou, M.: Proceedings of the ECAI 2008 Workshop on Ontology Learning and Population (OLP3) (2008)"},{"key":"6_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castano, S., Peraldi, I.S.E., Ferrara, A., Karkaletsis, V., Kaya, A., M\u00f6ller, R., Montanelli, S., Petasis, G., Wessel, M.: Multimedia Interpretation for Dynamic Ontology Evolution. Journal of Logic and Computation (September 2008)","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/exn049"},{"key":"6_CR24","volume-title":"Ontology Learning and Population from Text: Algorithms, Evaluation and Applications","author":"P. Cimiano","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cimiano, P.: Ontology Learning and Population from Text: Algorithms, Evaluation and Applications. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York (2006)"},{"key":"6_CR25","unstructured":"Ciravegna, F., Dingli, A., Petrelli, D.: Document Annotation via Adaptive Information Extraction. In: Proceedings of the 25th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Tampere, Finland, August 11-15 (2002)"},{"key":"6_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(00)00004-7","volume":"118","author":"M. Craven","year":"2000","unstructured":"Craven, M., DiPasquo, D., Freitag, D., McCallum, A., Mitchell, T., Nigam, K., Slattery, S.: Learning to construct knowledge bases from the World Wide Web. Artificial Intelligence\u00a0118, 69\u2013113 (2000)","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"6_CR27","unstructured":"Cunningham, H., Maynard, D., Bontcheva, K., Tablan, V.: Gate: an architecture for Development of Robust HLT Applications. In: Proceedings of ACL (2002)"},{"key":"6_CR28","unstructured":"Cunningham, H., Maynard, D., Bontcheva, K., Tablan, V.: GATE: a framework and graphical development environment for robust NLP tools and applications. In: Proceedings of the 40th Anniversary Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Phil. USA (2002)"},{"key":"6_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dagan, I., Glickman, O., Magnini, B.: The PASCAL Recognising Textual Entailment Challenge (2005)","DOI":"10.1007\/11736790_9"},{"issue":"4","key":"6_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(93)90039-G","volume":"29","author":"F.J. Damerau","year":"1993","unstructured":"Damerau, F.J.: Evaluating domain-oriented multiword terms from texts. Information Processing and Management\u00a029(4), 433\u2013447 (1993)","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"key":"6_CR31","unstructured":"Downey, O., Etzioni, D., Soderland, S., Weld, D.: Learning Text Patterns for Web Information Extraction and Assessment. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Adaptive Text Extraction and Mining (2004)"},{"key":"6_CR32","first-page":"17","volume":"1","author":"W. Drozdzynski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Drozdzynski, W., Krieger, H.-U., Piskorski, J., Sch\u00e4fer, U., Xu, F.: Shallow processing with unification and typed feature structures \u2013 foundations and applications. K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz\u00a01, 17\u201323 (2004)","journal-title":"K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz"},{"key":"6_CR33","unstructured":"Ehrig, M., Haase, P., Stohanovic, N., Hefke, M.: Similarity for Ontologies \u2013 a Comprehensive Framework. In: Proceedings of the European Conference in Inf. Sys. (2005)"},{"key":"6_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etzioni, O., Kok, S., Soderland, S., Cagarella, M., Popescu, A.M., Weld, D.S., Downey, D., Shaker, T., Yates, A.: Web-Scale Information Extraction in KnowItAll (Preliminary Results). In: Proceedings of the 13th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2004), New York, pp. 100\u2013110 (2004)","DOI":"10.1145\/988672.988687"},{"key":"6_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2005.03.001","volume":"165","author":"O. Etzioni","year":"2005","unstructured":"Etzioni, O., Kok, S., Soderland, S., Cagarella, M., Popescu, A.M., Weld, D.S., Downey, D., Shaker, T., Yates, A.: Unsupervised named-entity extraction from the Web: An experimental Study. Artificial Intelligence\u00a0165, 91\u2013134 (2005)","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"6_CR36","volume-title":"Ontology Matching","author":"J. Euzenat","year":"2007","unstructured":"Euzenat, J., Pavel, S.: Ontology Matching. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)"},{"key":"6_CR37","volume-title":"Semantic Web Mining 2nd Workshop at ECML\/PKDD-2002","author":"A. Faatz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Faatz, A., Steinmetz, R.: Ontology Enrichment with texts from the WWW. In: Semantic Web Mining 2nd Workshop at ECML\/PKDD-2002. Helsinki, Finland (2002)"},{"key":"6_CR38","unstructured":"Fellbaum, C.: WordNet: An On-Line Lexical Database and Some of its Applications. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"6_CR39","unstructured":"Faure, D., Nedellec, C., Rouveirol, C.: Acquisition of Semantic Knowledge using Machine Learning Methods: The System ASIUM, Technical Report number ICS-TR-88-16, Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, Inference and Learning Group, Universite Paris Sud (1998)"},{"key":"6_CR40","unstructured":"Faure, D., Poibeau, T.: First experiments of using semantic knowledge learned by ASIUM for information extraction task using INTEX. In: Proceedings of the ECAI 2000 Workshop on Ontology Learning (OL 2000) (2000)"},{"key":"6_CR41","unstructured":"Fortuna, B., Mladevic, D., Grobelnik, M.: Visualization of Text Document Corpus. In: ACAI 2005 Summer School (2005)"},{"key":"6_CR42","volume-title":"An Organization Ontology for Enterprise Modelling","author":"M.S. Fox","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fox, M.S., Barbuceanu, M., Gruninger, M., Lin, J.: An Organization Ontology for Enterprise Modelling. MIT Press, Cambridge (1998)"},{"issue":"2","key":"6_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s007999900023","volume":"3","author":"K. Frantzi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Frantzi, K., Ananiadou, S., Mima, H.: Automatic recognition of multi-word terms: The c-value\/nc-value method. International Journal on Digital Libraries\u00a03(2), 115\u2013130 (2000)","journal-title":"International Journal on Digital Libraries"},{"key":"6_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1995.1081","volume":"43","author":"T. Gruber","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gruber, T.: Towards principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing. Int. J. of Human and Computer Studies\u00a043, 907\u2013928 (1994)","journal-title":"Int. J. of Human and Computer Studies"},{"key":"6_CR45","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez, A., Manzano-Macho, D.: A survey of ontology learning methods and techniques. Onto-web IST Project, Deliverable 1.5, http:\/\/www.ontoweb.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de\/Members\/ruben\/Deliverable%201.5"},{"issue":"2","key":"6_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1145\/503124.503150","volume":"45","author":"N. Guarino","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guarino, N., Welty, C.: Evaluating ontological decisions with ontoclean. Communications of the ACM\u00a045(2), 61\u201365 (2002)","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"6_CR47","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Conference On Global WordNet","author":"K.M. Gupta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gupta, K.M., Aha, D., Marsh, E., Maney, T.: An Architecture for engineering sublanguage WordNets. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference On Global WordNet, pp. 207\u2013215. Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore (2002)"},{"key":"6_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gurevych, I., Malaka, R., Porzel, R., Zorn, H.: Semantic coherence scoring using an ontology. In: Proceedings of the HLT\/NAACL (2003)","DOI":"10.3115\/1073445.1073457"},{"key":"6_CR49","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/11431053_13","volume-title":"The Semantic Web: Research and Applications","author":"P. Haase","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haase, P., Stojanovic, L.: Consistent Evolution of OWL Ontologies. In: G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez, A., Euzenat, J. (eds.) ESWC 2005. LNCS, vol.\u00a03532, pp. 182\u2013197. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)"},{"key":"6_CR50","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/11574620_27","volume-title":"The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2005","author":"P. Haase","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haase, P., van Harmelen, F., Huang, Z., Stuckenschmidt, H., Sure, Y.: A Framework for Handling Inconsistency in Changing Ontologies. In: Gil, Y., Motta, E., Benjamins, V.R., Musen, M.A. (eds.) ISWC 2005. LNCS, vol.\u00a03729, pp. 353\u2013367. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)"},{"key":"6_CR51","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89765-1_21","volume-title":"Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web I","author":"P. Haase","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haase, P., V\u00f6lker, J.: Ontology Learning and Reasoning \u2014 Dealing with Uncertainty and Inconsistency. In: da Costa, P.C.G., d\u2019Amato, C., Fanizzi, N., Laskey, K.B., Laskey, K.J., Lukasiewicz, T., Nickles, M., Pool, M. (eds.) URSW 2005 - 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol.\u00a05327, pp. 366\u2013384. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)"},{"key":"6_CR52","unstructured":"Hahn, U., Marko, K.G.: Ontology and Lexicon Evolution by Text Understanding. In: Proceedings of the ECAI 2002 Workshop on Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing for Ontology Engineering (OLT 2002), Lyon, France (2002)"},{"key":"6_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hearst, M.A.: Automatic Acquisition of Hyponyms from Large Text Corpora. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, France (1992)","DOI":"10.3115\/992133.992154"},{"key":"6_CR54","volume-title":"Mathematical Structures of Language","author":"Z. Harris","year":"1968","unstructured":"Harris, Z.: Mathematical Structures of Language. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1968); Hindle, D.: Noun classification from predicate-argument structures. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 268\u2013275 (1990)"},{"key":"6_CR55","unstructured":"Iria, J., Brewster, C., Ciravegna, F., Wilks, Y.: An Incremental Tri-Partite Approach To Ontology Learning. In: The 5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, May 24-25-26, pp. 24\u201325 (2006)"},{"key":"6_CR56","unstructured":"Iwanska, L.M., Mata, N., Kruger, K.: Fully Automatic Acquisition of Taxonomic Knowledge from Large Corpora of Texts, pp. 335\u2013345. MIT\/AAAI Press (2000)"},{"key":"6_CR57","unstructured":"Kietz, J.U., Maedche, A., Volz, R.: A Method for Semi-Automatic Ontology Acquisition from a Corporate Intranet. In: Proceedings of the ECAW 2000 Workshop Ontologies and Text, Juan-Les-Pins, France (2000)"},{"key":"6_CR58","unstructured":"Kim, S.-S., Son, J.-W., Park, S.-B., Park, S.-Y., Lee, C., Wang, J.-H., Jang, M.-G., Park, H.-G.: OPTIMA: An Ontology Population System. In: 3rd Workshop on Ontology Learning and Population (July 2008)"},{"key":"6_CR59","unstructured":"Kim, S., Alani, H., Hall, W., Lewis, P., Millard, D., Shadbolt, N., Weal, M.: Artequakt: Generating Tailored Biographies from Automatically Annotated Fragments from the Web. In: Proceedings of Workshop on Semantic Authoring, Annotation & Knowledge Markup (SAAKM 2002), the 15th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2002), Lyon, France, pp. 1\u20136 (2002)"},{"key":"6_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kozakov, L., Park, Y., Fin, T., Drissi, Y., Doganata, Y., Cofino, T.: Glossary extraction and utilization in the information search and delivery system for IBM Technical Support\u03a3. IBM System Journal\u00a043(3) (2004)","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.433.0546"},{"key":"6_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2004.08.004","volume":"37","author":"M. Krauthammer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Krauthammer, M., Nenadic, G.: Term identification in the biomedical literature. Journal of Biomedical Informatics\u00a037, 512\u2013526 (2004)","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"key":"6_CR62","unstructured":"Lafferty, J.D., McCallum, A., Pereira, F.C.: Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic Models for Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data. In: Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) (2001)"},{"key":"6_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.104.2.211","volume":"104","author":"T.K. Landauer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Landauer, T.K., Dumais, S.T.: A solution to plato\u2019s problem: The latent semantic analysis theory of acquisition, induction and representation of knowledge. Psychological Review\u00a0104, 211\u2013240 (1997)","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"6_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lesk, M.: Automatic sense disambiguation using machine readable dictionaries: How to tell a pine cone from an ice cream cone. In: The Fifth International Conference on Systems Documentation, ACM SIGDOC (1986)","DOI":"10.1145\/318723.318728"},{"issue":"8","key":"6_CR65","first-page":"707","volume":"10","author":"I.V. Levenshtein","year":"1966","unstructured":"Levenshtein, I.V.: Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions and reversals. Cybernetics and Control Theory\u00a010(8), 707\u2013710 (1966)","journal-title":"Cybernetics and Control Theory"},{"key":"6_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W., McCallum, A.: Pachinko Allocation: DAG-Structured Mixture Models of Topic Correlations. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Internationcal Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 577\u2013584 (2006)","DOI":"10.1145\/1143844.1143917"},{"key":"6_CR67","unstructured":"Li, W., Blei, D., McCallum, A.: Nonparametric Bayes Pachinko Allocation. In: Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (2007)"},{"key":"6_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, D., Pantel, P.: Induction of semantic classes from natural language text. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 317\u2013322 (2001)","DOI":"10.1145\/502512.502558"},{"key":"6_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, D., Pantel, P.: Dirt - Discovery of Inference Rules from Text. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 323\u2013328 (2001)","DOI":"10.1145\/502512.502559"},{"key":"6_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, D., Pantel, P.: Concept discovery from text. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 577\u2013583 (2002)","DOI":"10.3115\/1072228.1072372"},{"key":"6_CR71","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/11552222_12","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning","author":"F.A. Lisi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lisi, F.A.: Principles of Inductive Reasoning on the Semantic Web: A Framework for Learning in AL-Log. In: Fages, F., Soliman, S. (eds.) PPSWR 2005. LNCS, vol.\u00a03703, pp. 118\u2013132. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)"},{"key":"6_CR72","first-page":"413","volume-title":"Selection of Ontologies for the Semantic Web","author":"A. Lozano-Tello","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lozano-Tello, A., Gomez-Perez, A., Sosa, E.: Selection of Ontologies for the Semantic Web, pp. 413\u2013416. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)"},{"issue":"2","key":"6_CR73","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"A. Lozano-Tello","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lozano-Tello, A., Gomez-Perez, A.: Ontometric: A method to choose the appropriate ontology. Journal of Database Management. Special Issue on Ontological Analysis, Evaluation, and Engineering of Business Systems Analysis Methods\u00a015(2), 1\u201318 (2004)","journal-title":"Journal of Database Management. Special Issue on Ontological Analysis, Evaluation, and Engineering of Business Systems Analysis Methods"},{"key":"6_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maedche, A., Staab, S.: Semi-Automatic Engineering of Ontologies from Text. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (2000)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-39967-4_14"},{"key":"6_CR75","volume-title":"Proceedings of ECAI 2000","author":"A. Maedche","year":"2000","unstructured":"Maedche, A., Staab, S.: Discovering Conceptual Relations from Text. In: Proceedings of ECAI 2000. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2000)"},{"key":"6_CR76","unstructured":"Maedche, A., Staab, S., N\u00e9dellec, C., Hove, E. (eds.): IJCAI 2001 Workshop on Ontology Learning (2001), http:\/\/CEUR-WS.org\/Vol-38\/CEUR"},{"issue":"2","key":"6_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1109\/5254.920602","volume":"16","author":"A. Maedche","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maedche, A., Staab, S.: Ontology learning for the Semantic Web. IEEE Journal on Intelligent Systems\u00a016(2), 72\u201379 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"6_CR78","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45810-7_24","volume-title":"Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management. Ontologies and the Semantic Web","author":"A. Maedche","year":"2002","unstructured":"Maedche, A., Staab, S.: Measuring Similarity between Ontologies. In: G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez, A., Benjamins, V.R. (eds.) EKAW 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol.\u00a02473, pp. 251\u2013263. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)"},{"key":"6_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maedche, A., Staab, S.: Ontology Learning. In: Handbook on Ontologies (2004)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24750-0_9"},{"key":"6_CR80","unstructured":"Maynard, D., Peters, W., Li, Y.: Metrics for evaluation of ontology based information extraction. In: Proceedings of the EON 2006 Workshop (2006)"},{"key":"6_CR81","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-87696-0_11","volume-title":"Knowledge Engineering: Practice and Patterns","author":"C. Meilicke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meilicke, C., V\u00f6lker, J., Stuckenschmidt, H.: Learning Disjointness for Debugging Mappings between Lightweight Ontologies. In: Gangemi, A., Euzenat, J. (eds.) EKAW 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol.\u00a05268, pp. 93\u2013108. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)"},{"key":"6_CR82","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44805-5_16","volume-title":"Text, Speech and Dialogue","author":"H. Mima","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mima, H., Ananiadou, S., Nenadic, G.: The atract workbench: Automatic term recognition and clustering for terms. In: Matou\u0161ek, V., Mautner, P., Mou\u010dek, R., Tauser, K. (eds.) TSD 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol.\u00a02166, p. 126. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)"},{"key":"6_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mimno, D., Li, W., McCallum, A.: Mixtures of Hierarchical Topics with Pachinko Allocation. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 633\u2013640 (2007)","DOI":"10.1145\/1273496.1273576"},{"key":"6_CR84","unstructured":"Morin, E.: Automatic Acquisition of Semantic Relations Between Terms from Technical Corpora. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Terminology and Knowledge Engineering - TKE 1999 (1999)"},{"key":"6_CR85","unstructured":"Navigli, R., Velardi, P.: Enriching a Formal Ontology with a Thesaurus: an Application in the Cultural Heritage Domain. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Ontology Learning and Population: Bridging the Gap between Text and Knowledge \u2013 OLP 2006, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1\u20139 (July 2006)"},{"key":"6_CR86","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/11891451_14","volume-title":"Managing Knowledge in a World of Networks","author":"R. Navigli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Navigli, R., Velardi, P.: Ontology Enrichment Through Automatic Semantic Annotation of On-Line Glossaries. In: Staab, S., Sv\u00e1tek, V. (eds.) EKAW 2006. LNCS (LNAI), vol.\u00a04248, pp. 126\u2013140. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)"},{"key":"6_CR87","unstructured":"Porzel, R., Malaka, R.: A task-based approach for ontology evaluation. In: ECAI 2004 Workshop on Ontology Learning and Population (2004)"},{"key":"6_CR88","first-page":"239","volume":"5","author":"J.R. Quinlan","year":"1990","unstructured":"Quinlan, J.R.: Learning logical definitions from relations. Machine Learning\u00a05, 239\u2013266 (1990)","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"6_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rada, R., Mili, H., Bicknell, E., Blettner, M.: Development and application of a metric on semantic nets. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 17\u201330 (1989)","DOI":"10.1109\/21.24528"},{"key":"6_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabou, M., Wroe, C., Goble, C., Stuckenschmidt, H.: Learning domain ontologies for semantic web service descriptions. Journal of Web Semantics\u00a03(4) (2005)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2005.09.008"},{"issue":"11","key":"6_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1145\/361219.361220","volume":"18","author":"G. Salton","year":"1975","unstructured":"Salton, G., Wong, A., Yang, C.S.: A vector space model for automatic indexing. Communications of the ACM\u00a018(11), 613\u2013620 (1975)","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"6_CR92","unstructured":"Sangun, P., Juyoung, K., Wooju, K.: A Framework for Ontology Based Rule Acquisition from Web Documents in Web Reasoning and Rule Systems (2007)"},{"key":"6_CR93","unstructured":"Sclano, F., Velardi, P.: TermExtractor: a Web Application to Learn the Common Terminology of Interest Groups and Research Communities. In: 9th Conf. on Terminology and Artificial Intelligence TIA 2007, Sophia Antinopolis (October 2007)"},{"key":"6_CR94","unstructured":"Sch\u00fctze, H.: Word space. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 5 (1993)"},{"key":"6_CR95","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/11574620_43","volume-title":"The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2005","author":"A. Schutz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schutz, A., Buitelaar, P.: RelExt: A Tool for Relation Extraction from Text in Ontology Extension. In: Gil, Y., Motta, E., Benjamins, V.R., Musen, M.A. (eds.) ISWC 2005. LNCS, vol.\u00a03729, pp. 593\u2013606. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)"},{"issue":"3","key":"6_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2006.62","volume":"21","author":"N. Shadbolt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shadbolt, N., Berners-Lee, T., Hall, W.: The Semantic Web Revisited. IEEE Intelligent Systems\u00a021(3), 96\u2013101 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"6_CR97","unstructured":"Shamsfar, M., Barforoush, A.A.: An Introduction to HASTI: An Ontology Learning System. In: Proceedings of 6th Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing (ASC 2002), Banff, Canada (June 2002)"},{"key":"6_CR98","unstructured":"Shamsfard, M.: Designing the ontology learning Model, Prototyping in a Persian Text Understanding System, Ph.D. Dissertation, Computer Engineering Dept., AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (January 2003)"},{"issue":"4","key":"6_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888903000687","volume":"18","author":"M. Shamsfard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shamsfard, M., Barforoush, A.A.: The state of the art in ontology learning: a framework for comparison. Knowl. Eng. Rev.\u00a018(4), 293\u2013316 (2003), DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/S0269888903000687","journal-title":"Knowl. Eng. Rev."},{"key":"6_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shamsfar, M., Barforoush, A.A.: Learning Ontologies from Natural Language Texts. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies\u00a0(60), 17\u201363 (2004)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2003.08.001"},{"key":"6_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schulte im Walde, S.: Clustering Verbs Semantically According to their Alternation Behaviour. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLINGS), pp. 747\u2013753 (2000)","DOI":"10.3115\/992730.992754"},{"key":"6_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snow, R., Jurafsky, D., Ng, A.Y.: Semantic Taxonomy Induction from Heterogeneous Evidence. In: ACL\u03a5 2006 (2006)","DOI":"10.3115\/1220175.1220276"},{"key":"6_CR103","unstructured":"Snow, R., Jurafsky, D., Ng, A.Y.: Learning Syntactic Patterns for Automatic Hypernym Discovery. In: Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2004)"},{"key":"6_CR104","unstructured":"Specia, L., Motta, E.: A hybrid approach for extracting semantic relations from texts. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Ontology Learning and Population: Bridging the Gap between Text and Knowledge \u2013 OLP 2006, Sydney, Australia, pp. 57\u201364 (July 2006)"},{"key":"6_CR105","unstructured":"Staab, S., Maedche, A., Nedellec, C., Wiemer- Hastings, P. (eds.): Proceedings of the Workshop on Ontology Learning (2000), http:\/\/CEUR-WS.org\/Vol-31\/CEUR"},{"key":"6_CR106","unstructured":"Suchanek, F.M., Ifrim, G., Weikum, G.: LEILA: Learning to Extract Information by Linguistic Analysis. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Ontology Learning and Population: Bridging the Gap between Text and Knowledge \u2013 OLP 2006, Sydney, Australia, pp. 18\u201325 (July 2006)"},{"key":"6_CR107","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44795-4_42","volume-title":"Machine Learning: ECML 2001","author":"P.D. Turney","year":"2001","unstructured":"Turney, P.D.: Mining the Web for Synonyms: PMI-IR versus LSA on TOEFL. In: Flach, P.A., De Raedt, L. (eds.) ECML 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol.\u00a02167, pp. 491\u2013502. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)"},{"key":"6_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, H., Callan, J.: A Metric-based Framework for Automatic Taxonomy Induction. In: ACL 2009 (2009)","DOI":"10.3115\/1687878.1687918"},{"key":"6_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yarowsky, D.: Word-sense disambiguation using statistical models of roget\u2019s categories trained on large corpora. In: COLING 1992, Nantes (1992)","DOI":"10.3115\/992133.992140"},{"key":"6_CR110","volume-title":"Evaluation of OntoLearn, a Methodology for Automatic Learning of Domain Ontologies","author":"P. Velardi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Velardi, P., Navigli, R., Cuchiarelli, A., Neri, F.: Evaluation of OntoLearn, a Methodology for Automatic Learning of Domain Ontologies. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2005)"},{"issue":"2","key":"6_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2007.21","volume":"19","author":"P. Velardi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Velardi, P., Cucchiarelli, A., Petit, M.: A Taxomony learning Method and its Application to Characterize a Scientific Web Community. IEEE Transaction on Data and Knowledge Engineering (TDKE)\u00a019(2), 180\u2013191 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Transaction on Data and Knowledge Engineering (TDKE)"},{"key":"6_CR112","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/11574620_51","volume-title":"The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2005","author":"J. V\u00f6lker","year":"2005","unstructured":"V\u00f6lker, J., Vrande\u010di\u0107, D., Sure, Y.: Automatic Evaluation of Ontologies (AEON). In: Gil, Y., Motta, E., Benjamins, V.R., Musen, M.A. (eds.) ISWC 2005. LNCS, vol.\u00a03729, pp. 716\u2013731. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)"},{"key":"6_CR113","unstructured":"Weber, N., Buitelaar, P.: Web-based Ontology Learning with ISOLDE. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Web Content Mining with Human Language at the International Semantic Web Conference, USA (2006)"},{"issue":"7","key":"6_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2009.122","volume":"22","author":"W. Wei","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wei, W., Barnaghi, P.: Probabilistic Topic Models for Learning Terminological Ontologies. Transaction on Knowledge and Data Engineering\u00a022(7), 1028\u20131040 (2010)","journal-title":"Transaction on Knowledge and Data Engineering"},{"key":"6_CR115","unstructured":"Zavitsanos, E., Paliouras, G., Vouros, G.: Ontology Learning and Evaluation: A survey. Technical report, DEMO-(2006-3), NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece (2006)"},{"key":"6_CR116","unstructured":"Zavitsanos, E., Paliouras, G., Vouros, G.: A Distributional Approach to Evaluating Ontology Learning Methods Using A Gold Standard. In: 3rd Ontology Learning and Population Workshop, ECAI 2008 (2008)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3233\/WIA-2010-0178","volume":"8","author":"E. Zavitsanos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zavitsanos, E., Paliouras, G., Vouros, G.A., Petridis, S.: Learning Subsumption Hierarchies of Ontology Concepts from Texts. Web Intelligence and Agent Systems: An International Journal\u00a08(1), 37\u201351 (2010)","journal-title":"Web Intelligence and Agent Systems: An International Journal"},{"key":"6_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zavitsanos, E., Paliouras, G., Vouros, G.A.: Gold Standard Evaluation of Ontology Learning Methods Through Ontology Transformation and Alignment. Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2010) (to appear)","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2010.195"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Knowledge-Driven Multimedia Information Extraction and Ontology Evolution"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-642-20795-2_6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T23:23:27Z","timestamp":1592522607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-642-20795-2_6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"ISBN":["9783642207945","9783642207952"],"references-count":118,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-20795-2_6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}