{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T16:36:59Z","timestamp":1732034219396},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783642316678"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783642316685"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31668-5_4","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]],"date-time":"2012-06-28T00:34:43Z","timestamp":1340843683000},"page":"45-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessing Formal Independence of Data Protection Authorities in a Comparative Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Philip","family":"Sch\u00fctz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"4_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/01402389408425031","volume":"17","author":"G. Majone","year":"1994","unstructured":"Majone, G.: The rise of the regulatory state in Europe. West European Politics\u00a017, 77\u2013101 (1994), http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/01402389408425031","journal-title":"West European Politics"},{"key":"4_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203439197","volume-title":"Regulating Europe","author":"G. Majone","year":"1996","unstructured":"Majone, G.: Regulating Europe. Routledge, London (1996)"},{"key":"4_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1017\/S0143814X00003524","volume":"17","author":"G. Majone","year":"1997","unstructured":"Majone, G.: From the positive to the regulatory state: Causes and consequences of changes in the mode of governance. Journal of Public Policy\u00a017, 139\u2013167 (1997), http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.2307\/4007608","journal-title":"Journal of Public Policy"},{"key":"4_CR4","volume-title":"The Governance of Privacy: Policy Instruments in Global Perspective","author":"C.J. Bennett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bennett, C.J., Raab, C.D.: The Governance of Privacy: Policy Instruments in Global Perspective, 2nd and updated edn. MIT Press, Cambridge (2006)","edition":"2"},{"key":"4_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/0198280998.001.0001","volume-title":"Regulation inside government: Waste watchers, quality police, and sleaze-busters","author":"C. Hood","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hood, C.: Regulation inside government: Waste watchers, quality police, and sleaze-busters. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1999)"},{"key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1080\/1350176022000046409","volume":"9","author":"F. Gilardi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gilardi, F.: Policy credibility and delegation to independent regulatory agencies: A comparative empirical analysis. Journal of European Public Policy\u00a09, 873\u2013893 (2002), http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/1350176022000046409","journal-title":"Journal of European Public Policy"},{"key":"4_CR7","volume-title":"Multi-level governance and European integration","author":"L. Hooghe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hooghe, L., Marks, G.: Multi-level governance and European integration. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham (2001)"},{"key":"4_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5965.1996.tb00559.x","volume":"34","author":"J.A. Caporaso","year":"1996","unstructured":"Caporaso, J.A.: The European Union and forms of state: Westphalian, regulatory or post modern? JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies\u00a034, 29\u201352 (1996), http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1468-5965.1996.tb00559.x\/abstract","journal-title":"JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies"},{"key":"4_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/1350176042000311925","volume":"12","author":"B. Eberlein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eberlein, B., Grande, E.: Beyond delegation: transnational regulatory regimes and the EU regulatory state. Journal of European Public Policy\u00a012, 89\u2013112 (2005), http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/1350176042000311925","journal-title":"Journal of European Public Policy"},{"key":"4_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1080\/713601589","volume":"25","author":"S. Wilks","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wilks, S., Bartle, I.: The unanticipated consequences of creating independent competition agencies. West European Politics\u00a025, 148\u2013172 (2002), http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/713601589","journal-title":"West European Politics"},{"key":"4_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s10602-008-9064-2","volume":"20","author":"M. Quintyn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Quintyn, M.: Independent agencies: More than a cheap copy of independent central banks? Constitutional Political Economy\u00a020, 267\u2013295 (2009), http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/content\/r83m085v5t86w600\/","journal-title":"Constitutional Political Economy"},{"key":"4_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1080\/1350176022000046445","volume":"9","author":"M. Thatcher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thatcher, M.: Regulation after delegation: Independent regulatory agencies in Europe. Journal of European Public Policy\u00a09, 954\u2013972 (2002), http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/1350176022000046445","journal-title":"Journal of European Public Policy"},{"key":"4_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716204271833","volume":"598","author":"F. Gilardi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gilardi, F.: The institutional foundations of regulatory capitalism: The diffusion of independent regulatory agencies in Western Europe. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science\u00a0598, 84\u2013101 (2005), http:\/\/ann.sagepub.com\/content\/598\/1\/84.short","journal-title":"The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science"},{"key":"4_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/6.3.353","volume":"6","author":"A. Cukierman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cukierman, A., Web, S.B., Neyapti, B.: Measuring the independence of central banks and its effect on policy outcomes. The World Bank Economic Review\u00a06, 353\u2013398 (1992), http:\/\/wber.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/6\/3\/353.short","journal-title":"The World Bank Economic Review"},{"key":"4_CR15","unstructured":"Hanretty, C., Koop, C.: Measuring the formal independence of regulatory agencies. Journal of European Public Policy, 1\u201319 (2011), http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/13501763.2011.607357"},{"key":"4_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maggetti, M.: De facto independence after delegation: A fuzzy-set analysis. Regulation & Governance, 271\u2013294 (2007), http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1748-5991.2007.00023.x\/full","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5991.2007.00023.x"},{"key":"4_CR17","unstructured":"Gilardi, F., Maggetti, M.: The independence of regulatory authorities. In: Levi-Faur, D. (ed.), Handbook on the Politics of Regulation. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham (forthcoming)"},{"key":"4_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1017\/S000712340999024X","volume":"40","author":"C. Hanretty","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hanretty, C.: Explaining the de facto independence of public broadcasters. British Journal of Political Science\u00a040, 75\u201389 (2009), http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=7045008&jid=JPS&volumeId=40&issueId=01&aid=7045000","journal-title":"British Journal of Political Science"},{"key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.irle.2007.07.004","volume":"27","author":"B. Hayo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hayo, B., Voigt, S.: Explaining de facto judicial independence. International Review of Law and Economics\u00a027, 269\u2013290 (2007), http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0144818807000567","journal-title":"International Review of Law and Economics"},{"key":"4_CR20","volume-title":"Privacy and the information age","author":"S. Gutwirth","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gutwirth, S.: Privacy and the information age. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham (2002)"},{"key":"4_CR21","unstructured":"Directive 95\/46\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data on the free movement of such data. Official Journal of the European Communities L 281, 31\u201350 (1995), http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31995L0046:EN:NOT"},{"key":"4_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9498-9_7","volume-title":"Reinventing Data Protection?","author":"P. Hustinx","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hustinx, P.: The role of data protection authorities. In: Gutwirth, S., Poullet, Y., Hert, P., Terwangne, C., Nouwt, S. (eds.) Reinventing Data Protection?, pp. 131\u2013137. Springer, Dodrecht (2009), http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/content\/u42572u8138747n3\/"},{"key":"4_CR23","first-page":"445","volume":"80","author":"S. Simitis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Simitis, S.: From the market to the polis: The EU Directive on the protection of personal data. Iowa Law Review\u00a080, 445\u2013469 (1994), http:\/\/heinonline.org\/HOL\/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals\/ilr80&div=26&id=&page=","journal-title":"Iowa Law Review"},{"key":"4_CR24","unstructured":"Castles, F.: Families of nations: Patterns of public policy in Western democracies. Dartmouth, Aldershot Hants England; Brookfield Vt. USA (1993)"},{"key":"4_CR25","volume-title":"Comparative public policy: Patterns of post-war transformation","author":"F. Castles","year":"1998","unstructured":"Castles, F.: Comparative public policy: Patterns of post-war transformation. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham (1998)"},{"key":"4_CR26","unstructured":"Hessian Data Protection Act, Hesse (Germany) (1970), www.datenschutz.rlp.de\/downloads\/hist\/ldsg_hessen_1970.pdf"},{"key":"#cr-split#-4_CR27.1","unstructured":"Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 9 march 2010. European Commission v Federal Republic of Germany. Failure of a Member State to Fulfil Obligations - Directive 95\/46\/EC - Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and the Free Movement of Such Data - Article 28"},{"key":"#cr-split#-4_CR27.2","unstructured":"(1) - National Supervisory Authorities - Independence - Administrative Scrutiny of Those Authorities. Case c-518\/07 (2010), http:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/juris\/documents.jsf?pro=&lgrec=en&nat=&oqp=&lg=&dates=&language=en&jur=C%2CT%2CF&cit=none%252CC%252CCJ%252CR%252C2008E%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252Ctrue%252Cfalse%252Cfalse&num=C-518%252F07&td=ALL&pcs=O&avg=&page=1&mat=or&jge=&for=&cid=1757448"},{"key":"4_CR28","unstructured":"Dammann, U.: Bundesbeauftragter f\u00fcr den Datenschutz und die Informationsfreiheit. In: Simitis, S. (ed.) Bundesdatenschutzgesetz - Kommentar, 7th edn., Nomos, Baden-Baden (2011)"},{"key":"4_CR29","unstructured":"Budget of the Federal Ministry of the Interior 2011, Germany (2011), http:\/\/www.bundesfinanzministerium.de\/bundeshaushalt2011\/pdf\/epl06.pdf"},{"key":"4_CR30","unstructured":"Federal Data Protection Act, Germany, 2009 (1990), http:\/\/www.bfdi.bund.de\/EN\/DataProtectionActs\/Artikel\/BDSG_idFv01092009.pdf?__blob=publicationFile"},{"key":"4_CR31","unstructured":"Act on the Protection on Personal Data, Poland, 2004 (1997), http:\/\/www.giodo.gov.pl\/plik\/id_p\/180\/j\/en\/"},{"key":"4_CR32","unstructured":"Budget of the Bureau of the Inspector General for personal data protection 2009, Poland (2009), http:\/\/www.giodo.gov.pl\/432\/j\/en\/"},{"key":"4_CR33","unstructured":"The statutes of the Bureau of the Inspector General for Personal Data Protection, Poland (2006), http:\/\/www.giodo.gov.pl\/data\/filemanager_en\/99.pdf"},{"key":"4_CR34","unstructured":"Appendix to the Regulation no. 29\/2007 by the Inspector General for the Protection of Personal Data - Organisational regulations of the Bureau of the Inspector General for Personal Data Protection, Poland (2007), http:\/\/www.giodo.gov.pl\/plik\/id_p\/126\/j\/en\/"},{"key":"4_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7591\/9781501722134","volume-title":"Regulating privacy: Data protection and public policy in Europe and the United States","author":"C. Bennett","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bennett, C.: Regulating privacy: Data protection and public policy in Europe and the United States. Cornell University Press, Ithaca (1992)"},{"key":"4_CR36","unstructured":"Act on supervision of certain crime-fighting activities, Sweden (2007:980) (2007), http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/download\/1f30a0f0.pdf?major=1&minor=95172&cn=attachmentPublDuplicator_0_attachment"},{"key":"4_CR37","unstructured":"Personal Data Act, Sweden (1998), http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/content\/1\/c6\/01\/55\/42\/b451922d.pdf"},{"key":"4_CR38","unstructured":"Brochure of the Data Inspection Board: What on earth does the Data Inspection Board do?: A portrait of the swedish Data Inspection Board, http:\/\/www.datainspektionen.se\/Documents\/datainspektionen-presentation-eng.pdf"},{"key":"4_CR39","unstructured":"Government Decision for the Budget 2011 of the Data Inspection Board, I:59, Ministry of Justice, Sweden (2010), http:\/\/www.esv.se\/Verktyg--stod\/Statsliggaren\/Regleringsbrev\/?RBID=12916"},{"key":"4_CR40","unstructured":"Stewart, B.: A comparative survey of data protection authorities - Part 1: Form and structure. Privacy Law and Policy Reporter 11 (2004)"},{"key":"4_CR41","unstructured":"Swedish Statute Book - Governments regualtions, SFS 2007:515, Sweden (2007)"},{"key":"4_CR42","unstructured":"Employment Protection Act, Sweden (1982:80) (1982), http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/download\/9b9ee182.pdf?major=1&minor=76536&cn=attachmentPublDuplicator_0_attachment"},{"key":"4_CR43","unstructured":"Response to an information request, Data Inspection Board (2011)"},{"key":"4_CR44","volume-title":"Protecting privacy in surveillance societies: The federal Republic of Germany, Sweden, France, Canada, and United States","author":"D. Flaherty","year":"1989","unstructured":"Flaherty, D.: Protecting privacy in surveillance societies: The federal Republic of Germany, Sweden, France, Canada, and United States. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hilland (1989)"},{"key":"4_CR45","unstructured":"Brochure of the MInistry of Justice: Personal Data Protection - Information on the Personal Data Act, Ministry of Justice, Sweden (2006), http:\/\/www.regeringen.se\/download\/0ea2c0eb.pdf?major=1&minor=74363&cn=attachmentPublDuplicator_0_attachment"},{"key":"4_CR46","unstructured":"Swedish Statute Book - Regulation with instructions for the Data Inspection Board, SFS 2007:975, Sweden (2007)"},{"key":"4_CR47","unstructured":"Staff Representative Ordinance, 1987:1101, Sweden (1987)"}],"container-title":["IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology","Privacy and Identity Management for Life"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-642-31668-5_4.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T07:43:21Z","timestamp":1620114201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-642-31668-5_4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"ISBN":["9783642316678","9783642316685"],"references-count":48,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-31668-5_4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-4238","1861-2288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1868-4238"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1861-2288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}