{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T19:40:02Z","timestamp":1745091602287,"version":"3.40.4"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783642351723"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783642351730"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35173-0_16","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,26]],"date-time":"2012-10-26T14:03:56Z","timestamp":1351260236000},"page":"243-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Comparison of Hard Filters and Soft Evidence for Answer Typing in Watson"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Chris","family":"Welty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. William","family":"Murdock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Kalyanpur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"16_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1017\/S1351324901002807","volume":"7","author":"L. Hirschman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hirschman, L., Gaizauskas, R.: Natural language question answering: the view from here. Nat. Lang. Eng.\u00a07(4), 275\u2013300 (2001)","journal-title":"Nat. Lang. Eng."},{"key":"16_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrucci, D., Brown, E., Chu-Carroll, J., Fan, J., Gondek, D., Kalyanpur, A., Lally, A., Murdock, J.W., Nyberg, E., Prager, J., Schlaefer, N., Welty, C.: Building watson: An overview of the deepqa project. AI Magazine, 59\u201379 (2010)","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v31i3.2303"},{"key":"16_CR3","unstructured":"Kaufmann, E., Bernstein, A., Fischer, L.: NLP-Reduce: A \u201dnaive\u201d but Domain-independent Natural Language Interface for Querying Ontologies (2007)"},{"issue":"2","key":"16_CR4","first-page":"125","volume":"2","author":"V. Lopez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lopez, V., Uren, V., Sabou, M., Motta, E.: Is question answering fit for the semantic web? a survey. Semantic Web? Interoperability, Usability, Applicability\u00a02(2), 125\u2013155 (2011)","journal-title":"Semantic Web? Interoperability, Usability, Applicability"},{"key":"16_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1145\/345508.345574","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR 2000","author":"J. Prager","year":"2000","unstructured":"Prager, J., Brown, E., Coden, A., Radev, D.: Question-answering by predictive annotation. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR 2000, pp. 184\u2013191. ACM, New York (2000)"},{"issue":"11","key":"16_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1145\/219717.219748","volume":"38","author":"G.A. Miller","year":"1995","unstructured":"Miller, G.A.: Wordnet: a lexical database for english. Commun. ACM\u00a038(11), 39\u201341 (1995)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"16_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1972-6","volume-title":"Semantics and the Lexicon","author":"J. Pustejovsky","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pustejovsky, J.: Type coercion and lexical selection. In: Semantics and the Lexicon. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1993)"},{"issue":"3.4","key":"16_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2012.2184637","volume":"56","author":"A. Lally","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lally, A., Prager, J.M., McCord, M.C., Boguraev, B.K., Patwardhan, S., Fan, J., Fodor, P., Chu-Carroll, J.: Question analysis: How watson reads a clue. IBM Journal of Research and Development 56(3.4), 2:1 \u20132:14 (2012)","journal-title":"IBM Journal of Research and Development"},{"issue":"3.4","key":"16_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2012.2190560","volume":"56","author":"J. Chu-Carroll","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chu-Carroll, J., Fan, J., Boguraev, B.K., Carmel, D., Sheinwald, D., Welty, C.: Finding needles in the haystack: Search and candidate generation. IBM Journal of Research and Development 56(3.4), 6:1 \u20136:12 (2012)","journal-title":"IBM Journal of Research and Development"},{"issue":"3.4","key":"16_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2012.2188760","volume":"56","author":"D. Gondek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gondek, D., Lally, A., Kalyanpur, A., Murdock, J., Duboue, P., Zhang, L., Pan, Y., Qiu, Z., Welty, C.: Finding needles in the haystack: Search and candidate generation. IBM Journal of Research and Development 56(3.4), 14:1 \u201314:12 (2012)","journal-title":"IBM Journal of Research and Development"},{"key":"16_CR11","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25093-4_10","volume-title":"The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2011","author":"A. Kalyanpur","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kalyanpur, A., Murdock, J.W., Fan, J., Welty, C.A.: Leveraging Community-Built Knowledge for Type Coercion in Question Answering. In: Aroyo, L., Welty, C., Alani, H., Taylor, J., Bernstein, A., Kagal, L., Noy, N., Blomqvist, E. (eds.) ISWC 2011, Part II. LNCS, vol.\u00a07032, pp. 144\u2013156. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)"},{"issue":"3.4","key":"16_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2012.2190560","volume":"56","author":"J.W. Murdock","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murdock, J.W., Kalyanpur, A., Welty, C., Fan, J., Ferrucci, D.A., Gondek, D.C., Zhang, L., Kanayama, H.: Typing candidate answers using type coercion. IBM Journal of Research and Development 56(3.4), 7:1 \u20137:13 (2012)","journal-title":"IBM Journal of Research and Development"},{"key":"16_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.3115\/992133.992154","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 1992","author":"M.A. Hearst","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hearst, M.A.: Automatic acquisition of hyponyms from large text corpora. In: Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 1992, vol.\u00a02, pp. 539\u2013545. Association for Computational Linguistics, Stroudsburg (1992)"},{"key":"16_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1145\/1242572.1242667","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2007","author":"F.M. Suchanek","year":"2007","unstructured":"Suchanek, F.M., Kasneci, G., Weikum, G.: Yago: a core of semantic knowledge. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2007, pp. 697\u2013706. ACM, New York (2007)"},{"issue":"3.4","key":"16_CR15","first-page":"10","volume":"56","author":"J. Fan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fan, J., Kalyanpur, A., Gondek, D.C., Ferrucci, D.A.: Automatic knowledge extraction from documents. IBM Journal of Research and Development 56(3.4), 5:1 \u20135:10 (2012)","journal-title":"IBM Journal of Research and Development"},{"key":"16_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voorhees, E. (ed.): Overview of the TREC 2006 Conference, Gaithersburg, MD (2006)","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.500-272.overview-overview"},{"issue":"1","key":"16_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jal.2005.12.001","volume":"5","author":"S. Schlobach","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schlobach, S., Ahn, D., de Rijke, M., Jijkoun, V.: Data-driven type checking in open domain question answering. J. Applied Logic\u00a05(1), 121\u2013143 (2007)","journal-title":"J. Applied Logic"},{"key":"16_CR18","unstructured":"Grappy, A., Grau, B.: Answer type validation in question answering systems. In: Adaptivity, Personalization and Fusion of Heterogeneous Information, RIAO 2010, Paris, France, France, Le Centre De Hautes Etudes Internationales D\u2019Informatique Documentaire, pp. 9\u201315 (2010)"},{"key":"16_CR19","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20161-5_62","volume-title":"Advances in Information Retrieval","author":"E. Aktolga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aktolga, E., Allan, J., Smith, D.A.: Passage Reranking for Question Answering Using Syntactic Structures and Answer Types. In: Clough, P., Foley, C., Gurrin, C., Jones, G.J.F., Kraaij, W., Lee, H., Mudoch, V. (eds.) ECIR 2011. LNCS, vol.\u00a06611, pp. 617\u2013628. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)"},{"key":"16_CR20","unstructured":"Buscaldi, D., Rosso, P.: Mining Knowledge from Wikipedia from the question answering task. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2006), Genoa, Italy (2006)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2012"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-642-35173-0_16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T19:26:33Z","timestamp":1745090793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-642-35173-0_16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"ISBN":["9783642351723","9783642351730"],"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-35173-0_16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}