{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T14:22:32Z","timestamp":1742912552985,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783642416439"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783642416446"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-41644-6_4","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T05:31:14Z","timestamp":1380605474000},"page":"30-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Chinese Negation and Speculation Detection with Conditional Random Fields"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Zhancheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bowei","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaoming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peifeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"4_CR1","unstructured":"Zhang, H.: Analysis of uncertainty of Chinese negative sentences in semantics level(\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u503e\u5411\u5206\u6790). Sichuan teachers\u2019 college, Sichuan (2006)"},{"key":"4_CR2","unstructured":"Li, Q.: Explanation of uncertainty(\u6a21\u7cca\u8bed\u8a00\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u672f\u8bed\u754c\u8bf4). Journal of Pingdingshancollege 23(6) (2008)"},{"key":"4_CR3","unstructured":"Farkas, R., Vincze, V., Mora, G., Csirik, J., Szarvas, G.: The CoNLL-2010 Shared Task: Learning to Detect Hedges and their Scope in Natural Language Text. In: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning(CoNLL), Shared Task, July 1-12 (2010)"},{"key":"4_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vincze, V., Szarvas, G., Farkas, R., et al.: The BioScope corpus: biomedical texts annotated for uncertainty, negation and their scopes. In: BioNLP 2008: Current Trends in Biomedical Natural Language Processing, Columbus, Ohio, USA, pp. 38\u201345 (June 2008)","DOI":"10.3115\/1572306.1572314"},{"key":"4_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Zou, B., Zhu, Q., Li, P.: The Construction of Chinese Negation and Uncertainty Identification Corpus(\u6c49\u8bed\u5426\u5b9a\u4e0e\u6a21\u7cca\u8bc6\u522b\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u6784\u5efa). In: Chinese Lexical Semantic Workshop, pp. 226\u2013231 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-45185-0_68"},{"key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1006\/jbin.2001.1029","volume":"34","author":"W.W. Chapman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chapman, W.W., Bridewell, W., Hanbury, P., Cooper, G.F., Buchanan, B.G.: A Simple Algorithm for Identifying Negated Findings and Diseases in Discharge Summaries. Journal of Biomedical Informatics\u00a034, 301\u2013310 (2001)","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"key":"4_CR7","unstructured":"Goldin, I.M., Chapman, W.W.: Learning to Detect Negation with \u2018Not\u2019 in Medical Texts. In: Workshop at the 26th ACM SIGIR Conference (2003)"},{"key":"4_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morante, R., Daelemans, W.: A metalearning approach to processing the scope of negation. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 21\u201329 (2009)","DOI":"10.3115\/1596374.1596381"},{"key":"4_CR9","unstructured":"\u00d8vrelid, L., Velldal, E., Oepen, S.: Syntactic Scope Resolution in Uncertainty Analysis. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2010), pp. 1379\u20131387 (2010)"},{"key":"4_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, Q., Huang, J., Lou, H., Liu, P.: Hedge Detection with Latent Features. In: Chinese Lexical Semantic Workshop, pp. 448\u2013451 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-45185-0_46"},{"key":"4_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, S., Yu, H.: Detecting hedge cues and their scope in biomedical text with conditional random fields. Journal of Biomedical Informatics\u00a0(43), 953\u2013961 (2010)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2010.08.003"},{"key":"4_CR12","unstructured":"Sun, Y.: Shallow Analysis of Negation cue in Chinese(\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd\u521d\u63a2). Journal of Anqing Teachers\u2019 college (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) (5) (1978)"},{"key":"4_CR13","unstructured":"Xu, L.: Discuss negative sentence in Chinese(\u8bd5\u8bba\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5). Journal of AnQing Teachers College (Social Science Edition) (3), 108\u2013118 (1986)"},{"key":"4_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, X., Yi, M., Liu, W.: On the Meaning Representation of Fuzzy Words(\u6a21\u7cca\u8bcd\u8bed\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u8868\u5f81\u7814\u7a76). In: Chinese Lexical Semantic Workshop, pp. 551\u2013554 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-45185-0_28"},{"key":"4_CR15","unstructured":"Ji, F., Qiu, X., Huang, X.: Exploring uncertainty sentences in Chinese(\u4e2d\u6587\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u7814\u7a76). In: The 16th China Conference on Information Retreval, pp. 594\u2013601 (2010)"},{"key":"4_CR16","unstructured":"Lafferty, J., McCallum, A., Pereira, F.: Conditional random fields: Probabilistic models for segmenting and labeling sequence data. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Machine Learning, San Francisco, pp. 282\u2013289 (2001)"},{"key":"4_CR17","unstructured":"Huang, C., Zhao, H.: Which Is Essential for Chinese Word Segmentation: Character versus Word(Invited paper). In: The 20th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation (PACLIC-20), Wuhan, China, November 1-3, pp. 1\u201312 (2006)"}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-642-41644-6_4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T10:52:50Z","timestamp":1619088770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-642-41644-6_4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"ISBN":["9783642416439","9783642416446"],"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-41644-6_4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1865-0929"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1865-0937"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}