{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:15:20Z","timestamp":1760955320529},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783642826436"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783642826412"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-82641-2_4","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,5]],"date-time":"2011-12-05T10:51:43Z","timestamp":1323082303000},"page":"38-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Risk Factors for Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma: The Western Canada Melanoma Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"R. P.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Elwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. B.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"4_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1981.145","volume":"44","author":"SA Adam","year":"1981","unstructured":"Adam SA, Sheaves JK, Wright NH, Mosser G, Harris RW, Vessey VP (1981) A case-control study of the possible association between oral contraceptives and malignant melanoma. Br J Cancer 44: 45 - 50","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"4_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1983.142","volume":"47","author":"MR Alderson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Alderson MR, Clarke JA (1983) Cancer incidence in patients with psoriasis. Br J Cancer 47: 857 - 859","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"4_CR3","first-page":"537","volume":"68","author":"C Bain","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bain C, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE, Rosner B, Willett W, Belanger C (1982) Oral contraceptive use and malignant melanoma. JNCI 68: 537 - 539","journal-title":"JNCI"},{"key":"4_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3697","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.9.3697","volume":"72","author":"BR Balda","year":"1975","unstructured":"Balda BR, Hehlmann R, Cho JR, Spiegelman S (1975) Oncornavirus-like particles in human skin cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 3697 - 3700","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00951.x","volume":"104","author":"H Beitner","year":"1981","unstructured":"Beitner H, Ringborg U, Wennersten G, Lagerlof B (1981) Further evidence for increased light sensitivity in patients with malignant melanoma. Br J Dermatol 104: 289 - 294","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1977.265","volume":"36","author":"V Beral","year":"1977","unstructured":"Beral V, Ramcharan S, Faris R (1977) Malignant melanoma and oral contraceptive use among women in California. Br J Cancer 36: 804 - 809","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"4_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1983.tb07077.x","volume":"109","author":"V Beral","year":"1983","unstructured":"Beral V, Evans S, Shaw H, Milton G (1983) Cutaneous factors related to risk of malignant melanoma. Br J Dermatol 109: 165 - 172","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"4_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1984.236","volume":"50","author":"V Beral","year":"1984","unstructured":"Beral V, Evans S, Shaw H, Milton G (1984) Oral contraceptive use and malignant melanoma in Australia. Br J Cancer 50: 681 - 685","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"4_CR9","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Statistical methods in cancer research","author":"NE Breslow","year":"1980","unstructured":"Breslow NE, Day NE (1980) Statistical methods in cancer research, vol 1. The analysis of case control studies. IARC Sci Publ 32"},{"key":"4_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555562356357","volume":"62","author":"H Brodthagen","year":"1982","unstructured":"Brodthagen H (1982) Malignant melanoma caused by UV - A suntan bed? Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 62: 356 - 357","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh)"},{"key":"4_CR11","first-page":"39","volume":"55","author":"WH Clark","year":"1969","unstructured":"Clark WH, Mihm MC (1969) Lentigo maligna and lentigo-maligna melanoma. Am J Pathol 55: 39 - 67","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"4_CR12","first-page":"1400","volume":"128","author":"JM Elwood","year":"1983","unstructured":"Elwood JM, Gallagher RP (1983) Site distribution of malignant melanoma. Can Med Assoc J 128: 1400 - 1404","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"4_CR13","first-page":"167","volume":"62","author":"JM Elwood","year":"1982","unstructured":"Elwood JM, Hislop TG (1982) Solar radiation in the etiology of cutaneous melanoma in Caucasians. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 62: 167 - 171","journal-title":"Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"4_CR14","first-page":"913","volume":"110","author":"JM Elwood","year":"1974","unstructured":"Elwood JM, Lee JAH (1974) Trends in mortality from primary tumours of the skin in Canada. Can Med Assoc J 110: 913 - 915","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"4_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6411.99","volume":"I","author":"JM Elwood","year":"1984","unstructured":"Elwood JM, Gallagher RP, Hill GB, Spinelli JJ, Pearson JCG, Threlfall W (1984) Pigmentation and skin reaction to sun as risk factors for cutaneous melanoma. Western Canada Melanoma Study. Br Med J I: 99 - 102","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"4_CR16","first-page":"427","volume":"35","author":"JM Elwood","year":"1985a","unstructured":"Elwood JM, Gallagher RP, Hill GB, Pearson JCG (1985a) Cutaneous melanoma in relation to intermittent and constant sun exposure - The Western Canada Melanoma Study. Int J Cancer 35: 427 - 433","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"4_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1985.77","volume":"51","author":"JM Elwood","year":"1985b","unstructured":"Elwood JM, Gallagher RP, Davison J, Hill GB (1985b) Sunburn, suntan, and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma: Western Canada Melanoma Study. Br J Cancer 51: 543-549","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"4_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)93083-3","volume":"II","author":"H Flax","year":"1973","unstructured":"Flax H, Salih H, Westbury G (1973) Hormone therapy in malignant melanoma. Lancet II: 147","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1985.275","volume":"52","author":"RP Gallagher","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gallagher RP, Elwood JM, Hill GB, Coldman AJ, Threlfall WJ, Spinelli JJ (1985) Reproductive fac-tors, oral contraceptives and risk of malignant melanoma: Western Canada melanoma study. Br J Cancer 52: 901-907","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"4_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1969.01610190049008","volume":"99","author":"GA Gellin","year":"1969","unstructured":"Gellin GA, Kopf AW, Garfinkel L (1969) Malignant melanoma: a controlled study of possibly associated factors. Arch Dermatol 99: 43 - 48","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"4_CR21","first-page":"617","volume":"72","author":"S Helmrich","year":"1984","unstructured":"Helmrich S, Rosenberg L, Kaufman DW, Miller DR, Schottenfeld D, Stolley PD, Shapiro S (1984) Lack of an elevated risk of malignant melanoma in relation to oral contraceptive use. JNCI 72: 617 - 620","journal-title":"JNCI"},{"key":"4_CR22","first-page":"827","volume":"70","author":"EA Holly","year":"1983","unstructured":"Holly EA, Weiss NS, Liff JM (1983) Cutaneous melanoma in relation to exogenous hormones and reproductive factors. JNCI 70: 827 - 831","journal-title":"JNCI"},{"key":"4_CR23","first-page":"418","volume-title":"Risk factors in the causation of human malignant melanoma of the skin. Ph. D. Thesis","author":"CDJ Holman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Holman CDJ (1982) Risk factors in the causation of human malignant melanoma of the skin. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Western Australia, Perth, pp 418 - 423"},{"key":"4_CR24","first-page":"257","volume":"72","author":"CD Holman","year":"1984a","unstructured":"Holman CD, Armstrong BK (1984a): Pigmentary traits, ethnic origin, benign nevi and family history as risk factors for cutaneous malignant melanoma. JNCI 72: 257-266","journal-title":"JNCI"},{"key":"4_CR25","first-page":"75","volume":"73","author":"CDJ Holman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Holman CDJ, Armstrong BK (1984b) Cutaneous malignant melanoma and indicators of total accu-mulated exposure to the sun: an analysis separating histogenetic types. JNCI 73: 75 - 82","journal-title":"JNCI"},{"key":"4_CR26","first-page":"651","volume":"71","author":"CDJ Holman","year":"1983","unstructured":"Holman CDJ, Armstrong BK, Heenan PJ (1983) A theory of the etiology and pathogenesis of human cutaneous malignant melanoma. JNCI 71: 651 - 656","journal-title":"JNCI"},{"key":"4_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1984.235","volume":"50","author":"CDJ Holman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Holman CDJ, Armstrong BK, Heenan PJ (1984) Cutaneous malignant melanoma in women: exogenous sex hormones and reproductive factors. Br J Cancer 50: 673 - 680","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"4_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1967.45","volume":"48","author":"R Ito","year":"1967","unstructured":"Ito R, Mishima Y (1967) Particles in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum of Fortner\u2019s amelanotic and melanotic malignant melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 48: 268 - 272","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"4_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910230407","volume":"23","author":"O Klepp","year":"1979","unstructured":"Klepp O, Magnus K (1979) Some environmental and bodily characteristics of melanoma patients. A case-control study. Int J Cancer 23: 482-486","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"4_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(84)70225-8","volume":"11","author":"AW Kopf","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kopf AW, Kripke ML, Stern RS (1984) Sun and malignant melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 11: 674 - 684","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"4_CR31","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Lange Medical","author":"MA Krupp","year":"1982","unstructured":"Krupp MA, Chatton MJ (1982) Current medical diagnosis and treatment 1982. Lange Medical, Los Altos, California, pp 50 - 51"},{"key":"4_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1957.tb59648.x","volume":"1","author":"HO Lancaster","year":"1957","unstructured":"Lancaster HO, Nelson J (1957) Sunlight as a cause of melanoma: a clinical survey. Med J Aust 1: 452 - 456","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"4_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1980.138","volume":"41","author":"JAH Lee","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lee JAH, Strickland D (1980) Malignant melanoma: social status and outdoor work. Br J Cancer 41: 757 - 763","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"4_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1983.tb01051.x","volume":"9","author":"RA Lew","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lew RA, Sober AJ, Cook N, Marvell R, Fitzpatrick TB (1983) Sun exposure habits in patients with cutaneous melanoma: a case-control study. J Dermatol Surg 9: 981 - 986","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"4_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1980.tb134628.x","volume":"1","author":"JH Little","year":"1980","unstructured":"Little JH, Holt J, Davis N (1980) Changing epidemiology of malignant melanoma in Queensland. Med J Aust 1: 66 - 69","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"4_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1982.307","volume":"46","author":"RM MacKie","year":"1982","unstructured":"MacKie RM, Aitchison T (1982) Severe sunburn and subsequent risk of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma in Scotland. Br J Cancer 46: 955 - 960","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"4_CR37","first-page":"123","volume":"I","author":"VJ McGovern","year":"1967","unstructured":"McGovern VJ, Caldwell RA, Duncan CA, Finlay-Jones LR, Hardy EG, Hicks JD, Little JH, Quinn RL (1967) Moles and malignant melanoma: terminology and classification. Med J Aus I: 123 - 124","journal-title":"Med J Aus"},{"key":"4_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1980.tb02918.x","volume":"4","author":"VJ McGovern","year":"1979","unstructured":"McGovern VJ, Shaw HM, Milton GW, Farago GA (1979) Is malignant melanoma arising in a Hutchinson\u2019s melanotic freckle a separate disease entity? Histopathology 4: 235 - 242","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"4_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910200402","volume":"20","author":"K Magnus","year":"1977","unstructured":"Magnus K (1977) Incidence of malignant melanoma in the five nordic countries. Int J Cancer 20: 477 - 486","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"4_CR40","first-page":"719","volume":"22","author":"N Mantel","year":"1959","unstructured":"Mantel N, Haenszel W (1959) Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. JNCI 22: 719 - 748","journal-title":"JNCI"},{"key":"4_CR41","first-page":"365","volume-title":"Trends in cancer incidence: causes and implications","author":"CS Muir","year":"1982","unstructured":"Muir CS, Nectoux J (1982) Time trends: malignant melanoma of the skin. In: Magnus K (Ed) Trends in cancer incidence: causes and implications. Hemisphere, New York, pp 365 - 388"},{"key":"4_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)90071-8","volume":"I","author":"EM Nicholls","year":"1968","unstructured":"Nicholls EM (1968) Genetic susceptibility and somatic mutation in the production of freckles, birth-marks and moles. Lancet I: 71 - 73","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)91055-7","volume":"I","author":"FWJ Rampen","year":"1980","unstructured":"Rampen FHJ, Mulder JH (1980) Malignant melanoma: an androgen dependent tumour? Lancet I: 562","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.286.6368.892","volume":"286","author":"S Retsas","year":"1983","unstructured":"Retsas S (1983) Sun beds and melanoma. Br Med J 286: 892","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"4_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91086-9","volume":"II","author":"AJ Swerdlow","year":"1984","unstructured":"Swerdlow AJ, English J, Mackie RM, O\u2019Doherty CJ, Hunter JAA, Clark J (1984) Benign nevi associated with high risk of melanoma. Lancet II: 168","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4_CR46","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Cancer incidence in five continents, vol IV. IARC Sci Publ","author":"J Waterhouse","year":"1982","unstructured":"Waterhouse J, Muir C, Shanmugaratnam K, Powell J (1982) Cancer incidence in five continents, vol IV. IARC Sci Publ 42"},{"key":"4_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/58.3.525","volume":"58","author":"RR Williams","year":"1977","unstructured":"Williams RR, Horm JJ (1977) Association of cancer sites with tobacco and alcohol consumption and socio-economic status of patients: interview study from the Third National Cancer Survey. JNCI 58: 525 - 547","journal-title":"JNCI"}],"container-title":["Recent Results in Cancer Research","Epidemiology of Malignant Melanoma"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-642-82641-2_4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T08:43:10Z","timestamp":1713170590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-642-82641-2_4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986]]},"ISBN":["9783642826436","9783642826412"],"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-82641-2_4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0080-0015"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0080-0015"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986]]}}}