{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:08:07Z","timestamp":1761059287049,"version":"3.40.1"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":179,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783642851759"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783642851735"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-85173-5_5","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]],"date-time":"2012-02-16T17:50:51Z","timestamp":1329414651000},"page":"89-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy of Tetanus and Botulinum Neurotoxins"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"J. L.","family":"Middlebrook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"5_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9542-4_53","volume-title":"Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins, neurotransmission and biomedical aspects","author":"SS Arnon","year":"1993","unstructured":"Arnon SS (1993) Clinical trial of human botulism immune globulin. In: DasGupta BR (ed) Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins, neurotransmission and biomedical aspects. Plenum, New York, pp 477\u2013482"},{"key":"5_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1089\/hyb.1992.11.165","volume":"11","author":"B Arunachalam","year":"1992","unstructured":"Arunachalam B, Ghosh S, Talwar GP, Raghupathy R (1992) A single monoclonal antibody that confers total protection from tetanus. Hybridoma 11: 165\u2013179","journal-title":"Hybridoma"},{"key":"5_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1962.03050100017004","volume":"179","author":"HW Bardenwarper","year":"1962","unstructured":"Bardenwarper HW (1962) Serum neuritis from tetanus antitoxin. JAMA 179: 763\u2013766","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5_CR4","first-page":"453","volume":"43","author":"M Barile","year":"1970","unstructured":"Barile M, Hardegree M, Pitmann (1970) Immunization against neonatal tetanus in New Guinea III. The toxin-neutralization test and the response of guinea pigs to the toxoids as used in the immunization schedules in New Guinea. Bull World Health Organ 43: 453\u2013459","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"5_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.1.9-14.1994","volume":"62","author":"T Barington","year":"1994","unstructured":"Barington T, Gyhrs A, Kristensen K, Heilmann C (1994) Opposite effects of actively and passively acquired immunity to the carrier on responses of human infants to a Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. Infect Immun 62: 9\u201314","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.11.4.352","volume":"11","author":"IA Bengtson","year":"1921","unstructured":"Bengtson IA (1921) Standardization of botulism antitoxins. Am J Public Health 11: 352\u2013357","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"5_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"136","author":"IA Bengtson","year":"1924","unstructured":"Bengtson IA (1924) Studies on organisms concerned as causative factors in botulism. Bull US Hyg Lab 136: 1\u2013101","journal-title":"Bull US Hyg Lab"},{"key":"5_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/0753-3322(89)90041-3","volume":"43","author":"J Beytout","year":"1989","unstructured":"Beytout J, Lauras H, Cailleba A, Nguyen TT (1989) Rapid evaluation of tetanus immunity by a haemagglutination test in the injured at a hospital emergency unit. Biomed Pharmacother 43: 621\u2013625","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"5_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(86)90601-X","volume":"101","author":"AW Biglan","year":"1986","unstructured":"Biglan AW, Gonnering R, Lockhart LB, Rabin B, Fuerste FH (1986) Absence of antibody production in patients treated with botulinum A toxin. Am J Ophthalmol 101: 232\u2013235","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"5_CR10","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Pathogenesis of bacterial infections in animals","author":"B Bizzini","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bizzini B (1993) Clostridium tetani. In: Gyles C, Thoen C (eds) Pathogenesis of bacterial infections in animals, 2nd edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames, pp 97\u2013105","edition":"2"},{"key":"5_CR11","first-page":"391","volume":"69","author":"B Bizzini","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bizzini B, Leonardi MS, Zummo S, Mastroeni P (1990) Screening of tetanus antibodies with the aid of dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA). Validation of the results using standard ELISA and passive hemagglutination test. Boll Ist Sieroter Milan. 69: 391\u2013393","journal-title":"Boll Ist Sieroter Milan"},{"key":"5_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(80)90469-6","volume":"69","author":"RE Black","year":"1980","unstructured":"Black RE, Gunn RA (1980) Hypersensitivity reactions associated with botulinal antitoxin. AM J Med 69: 567\u2013570","journal-title":"AM J Med"},{"key":"5_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-5029(91)90008-Y","volume":"37","author":"TP Bleck","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bleck TP (1991) Tetanus: pathophysiology, management, and prophylaxis. Dis Mon 37: 545\u2013603","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"key":"5_CR14","first-page":"23","volume":"1992","author":"VM Bolotovskii","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bolotovskii VM, Kriukov V, Raupov BE (1992) A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of methods for serological sampling examinations. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1992: 23\u201326","journal-title":"Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol"},{"key":"5_CR15","volume-title":"Thesis, University of Liverpool","author":"EJ Bowmer","year":"1962","unstructured":"Bowmer EJ (1962) Antitoxins of Clostridium botulinum type A,B,C,D and E. Preparation and assay of proposed international standards. Thesis, University of Liverpool"},{"key":"5_CR16","first-page":"701","volume":"29","author":"EJ Bowmer","year":"1963","unstructured":"Bowmer EJ (1963) Preparation and assay of the international standards for Clostridium botulinum types A,B,C,D and E antitoxins. Bull World Health Organ 29: 701\u2013709","journal-title":"E antitoxins. Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"5_CR17","first-page":"109","volume":"52","author":"J Boyd","year":"1959","unstructured":"Boyd J (1959) Symposium of tetanus. Tetanus in two world wars. Proc R Soc Med 52: 109","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"5_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870020402","volume":"2","author":"MF Brin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Brin MF, Fahn S, Moskowitz C, Friedman A, Shale HM, Greene PE, Blitzer A, List T, Lange D, Lovelace RE, McMahon D (1987) Localized injections of botulinum toxin for the treatment of focal dystonia and hemifacial spasm. Mov Disord 2: 237\u2013254","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"5_CR19","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Hyperimmunization of horses for production of immune globulin to botulinum toxins","author":"JE Brown","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brown JE, Taylor KL, Brown WL, Clayton MA, Schmidt JJ, Jaax GP, Franz DR (1991) Hyperimmunization of horses for production of immune globulin to botulinum toxins. Abstracts, 10th world congress on animal, plant, and microbial toxins, Venom and Toxin Research Group, University of Singapore, Singapore, p 95"},{"key":"5_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.2.479","volume":"168","author":"H Brussow","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brussow H, Sidoti J, Freire WB (1993) Tetanus and diphtheria immunization coverage in Ecuadorian children after a national vaccination campaign. J Infect Dis 168: 479\u2013483","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5_CR21","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Botulism. U.S. department of health, education, and welfare, Cincinnati","author":"MA Cardella","year":"1964","unstructured":"Cardella MA (1964) Botulinum toxoids. In: Lewis KH, Cassel KJ (eds) Botulism. U.S. department of health, education, and welfare, Cincinnati, pp 113\u2013130"},{"key":"5_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.5.1627-1632.1991","volume":"59","author":"IG Charles","year":"1991","unstructured":"Charles IG, Rodgers BC, Makoff AJ, Chatfield SN, Slater DE, Fairweather NF (1991) Synthesis of tetanus toxin fragment C in insect cells by use of a baculovirus expression system. Infect Immun 59: 1627\u20131632","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(92)90420-O","volume":"10","author":"SN Chatfield","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chatfield SN, Fairweather N, Charles I, Pickard D, Levine M, Hone D, Posada M, Strugnell RA, Dougan G (1992) Construction of a genetically defined Salmonella typhi Ty2 aroA, aroC mutant for the engineering of a candidate oral typhoid-tetanus vaccine. Vaccine 10: 53\u201360","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"5_CR24","first-page":"499","volume":"38","author":"EG Cilia","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cilia EG, Saenz DJ, Urbieta EM, Carcedo MA, Perez TE (1993) Immunity against tetanus in childhood. An Esp Pediatr 38: 499\u2013502","journal-title":"An Esp Pediatr"},{"key":"5_CR25","first-page":"455","volume":"9","author":"JJ Clare","year":"1991","unstructured":"Clare JJ, Rayment FB, Ballantine SP, Sreekrishna K, Romanos MA (1991) High-level expression of tetanus toxin fragment C in Pichia pastoris strains containing multiple tandem integrations of the gene. Biotechnol 9: 455\u2013460","journal-title":"Biotechnol"},{"key":"5_CR26","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Botulism. U.S. department of health, education, and welfare, Cincinnati","author":"MS Cooper","year":"1964","unstructured":"Cooper MS (1964) Antitoxins to C. botulinum. In: Lewis KH, Cassel KJ (eds) Botulism. U.S. department of health, education, and welfare, Cincinnati, 147\u2013164"},{"key":"5_CR27","volume-title":"European Pharmacopoeia","author":"Council of Europe","year":"1985","unstructured":"Council of Europe (1981, 1985) European Pharmacopoeia, 2nd edn. Maisonneuve, Saint-Ruffinel","edition":"2"},{"key":"5_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2795(73)90223-7","volume":"317","author":"CJ Craven","year":"1973","unstructured":"Craven CJ, Dawson DJ (1973) The chain composition of tetanus toxin. Biochim Biophys Acta 317: 277\u2013285","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"5_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(93)90381-7","volume":"11","author":"R D\u2019Amelio","year":"1993","unstructured":"D\u2019Amelio R, Stroffolini T, Wirz M, Biselli R, Matricardi PM, Gentili G, Collotti C, Pasquini P (1993) Tetanus immunity among Italians born after the introduction of mandatory vaccination of children. Vaccine 11: 935\u2013936","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"5_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03334978","volume":"8","author":"P D\u2019Argenio","year":"1992","unstructured":"D\u2019Argenio P, Wirz M, Rosmini F, Adamo B, Gentili G, Puccinelli M, Collotti C, Mele A, Esposito D, Forte P, Pasquini P (1992) Tetanus immunity in a partially vaccinated population of children in a district of Naples (Secondiglianio). Eur J Epidemiol 8: 93\u201397","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5_CR31","first-page":"94","volume":"41","author":"FD Dastur","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dastur FD, Shastry P, Iyer E, Awatramani V, Raut S, Mehta SD, Irani SF (1993) The foetal immune response to maternal tetanus toxoid immunization. J Assoc Physicians India 41: 94\u201396","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"5_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(88)90279-7","volume":"106","author":"M Devey","year":"1988","unstructured":"Devey M, Bleasdale K, Lee S, Rath S (1988) Determination of the functional affinity of IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies to tetanus toxoid by isotype-specific solid-phase assays. J Immunol Methods 106: 119\u2013125","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"5_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.25.7.1336-1337.1987","volume":"25","author":"M Dezfulian","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dezfulian M, Bitar RA, Bartlett JG (1987) Kinetics study of immunological response to Clostridium botulinum toxin. J Clin Microbiol 25: 1336\u20131337","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5_CR34","first-page":"51","volume":"49","author":"G Dimache","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dimache G, Stoean C, Durbaca S, Croitoru M, Ionescu M, Nedelcu IN, Corbu I (1990) Study of specific immune response to unadsorbed concentrated tetanus vaccine administered by intradermal route to non-immunized persons in the last ten years. Arch Roum Pathol Exp Microbiol 49: 51\u201362","journal-title":"Arch Roum Pathol Exp Microbiol"},{"key":"5_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.9.2402-2409.1993","volume":"31","author":"GJ Doellgast","year":"1993","unstructured":"Doellgast GJ, Triscott MX, Beard GA, Bottoms JD, Cheng T, Roh BH, Roman MG, Hall PA, Brown JE (1993) Sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins A,B, and E using signal amplification via enzyme-linked coagulation assay. J Clin Microbiol 31: 2402\u20132409","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.1.105-111.1994","volume":"32","author":"GJ Doellgast","year":"1994","unstructured":"Doellgast GJ, Beard GA, Bottoms JD, Cheng T, Roh BH, Roman, MG, Hall PA, Triscott MX (1994a) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme-linked coagulation assay for detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins A,B, and E and solution-phase complexes with dual-label antibodies. J Clin. Microbiol 32: 105\u2013111","journal-title":"J Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"5_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.3.851-853.1994","volume":"32","author":"GJ Doellgast","year":"1994","unstructured":"Doellgast GJ, Triscott MX, Beard GA, Bottoms JD (1994b) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-enzyme-linked coagulation assay for detection of antibodies to Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins A,B, and E and solution phase complexes. J Clin Microbiol 32: 851\u2013853","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.73.1.42-47.1957","volume":"73","author":"JT Duff","year":"1957","unstructured":"Duff JT, Wright GG, Klerer J, Moore DE, Bibler RH (1957a) Studies on immunity to toxins of Clostridium botulinum. I. A simplified procedure for isolation of type A toxin. J Bacteriol 73: 42\u201347","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"5_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.73.5.597-601.1957","volume":"73","author":"JT Duff","year":"1957","unstructured":"Duff JT, Klerer J, Bibler RH, Moore DE, Gottfried C, Wright GG (1957b) Studies on immunity to toxins of Clostridium botulinum. II. Production and purification of type B toxin for toxoid. J Bacteriol 73: 597\u2013601","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"5_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04527.x","volume":"10","author":"U Eisel","year":"1986","unstructured":"Eisel U, Jarausch W, Goretzki K, Henschen A, Engels J, Weiler U, Hudel M, Habermann Nieman H (1986) Tetanus toxin: primary structure, expression in E. coli, and homology with botulinum toxins. EMBO J 10: 2495\u20132502","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"5_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.3.647","volume":"168","author":"JA Englund","year":"1993","unstructured":"Englund JA, Mbawuike IN, Hammill H, Holleman MC, Baxter BD, Glezen WP (1993) Maternal immunization with influenza or tetanus toxoid vaccine for passive antibody protection in young infants. J Infect Dis 168: 647\u2013656","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7809","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/14.19.7809","volume":"14","author":"NF Fairweather","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fairweather NF, Lyness VA (1986) The complete nucleotide sequence of tetanus toxin. Nucleic Acid Res 14: 7809\u20137812","journal-title":"Nucleic Acid Res"},{"key":"5_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.165.1.21-27.1986","volume":"165","author":"NF Fairweather","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fairweather NF, Lyness VA, Pickard DJ, Allen G, Thomson RO (1986) Cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and expression of tetanus toxin fragment C in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 165: 21\u201327","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"5_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.11.2541-2545.1987","volume":"55","author":"NF Fairweather","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fairweather NF, Lyness VA, Maskell DJ (1987) Immunization of mice against tetanus with fragments of tetanus toxin synthesized in Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 55: 2541\u20132545","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.58.5.1323-1326.1990","volume":"58","author":"NF Fairweather","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fairweather NF, Chatfield SN, Makoff AJ, Strugnell RA, Bester J, Maskell DJ, Dougan G (1990) Oral vaccination of mice against tetanus by use of a live attenuated Salmonella carrier. Infect Immun 58: 1323\u20131326","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5_CR46","volume-title":"Probit analysis","author":"DJ Finney","year":"1971","unstructured":"Finney DJ (1971) Probit analysis, 3rd edn. University Press Cambridge, Cambridge","edition":"3"},{"key":"5_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.88.3.277","volume":"88","author":"MA Fiock","year":"1962","unstructured":"Fiock MA, Devine LF, Gearinger NF, Duff JT, Wright GG, Kadull PJ (1962) Studies on immunity to toxins of Clostridium VIII. immunological response of man to purified bivalent AB botulinum toxoid. J Immunol 88: 277\u2013283","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"5_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.90.5.697","volume":"90","author":"MA Fiock","year":"1963","unstructured":"Fiock MA, Cardella MA, Gearinger NF (1963) Studies on immunity of toxins of Clostridium botulinum. IX. Immunological response of man to purified pentavalent ABCDE botulinum toxoid. J Immunol 90: 697\u2013702","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"5_CR49","first-page":"103","volume":"154","author":"TL Frankovich","year":"1991","unstructured":"Frankovich TL, Arnon SS (1991) Clinical trial of botulism immune globulin for infant botulism. West J Med 154: 103","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"5_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9542-4_52","volume-title":"Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins, neurotransmission and biomedical aspects","author":"DR Franz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Franz DR, Pitt LM, Clayton MA, Hanes MA, Rose KJ (1993) Efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic administration of antotoxin for inhalation botulism. In: DasGupta BR (ed) Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins, neurotransmission and biomedical aspects. Plenum, New York, pp 473\u2013476"},{"key":"5_CR51","first-page":"21","volume":"18","author":"M French","year":"1985","unstructured":"French M, Harrison G (1985) The IgG subclasses of tetanus toxoid antibody following immunization: studies in healthy adults and patients with chronic or recurrent respiratory tract infections. J Clin Lab Immunol 18: 21\u201325","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Immunol"},{"key":"5_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400000656","volume":"53","author":"AJ Fulthorpe","year":"1955","unstructured":"Fulthorpe AJ (1955) Clostridium botulinum type A and type B toxin-antitoxin reactions. J Hyg 53: 180\u2013195","journal-title":"J Hyg"},{"key":"5_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-1157(84)80050-5","volume":"12","author":"G Gentili","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gentili G, Pini C, Collotti C (1984) The determination of the potency of human tetanus immunoglobulins by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Biol Stand 12: 167\u2013173","journal-title":"J Biol Stand"},{"key":"5_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-1157(85)80033-0","volume":"13","author":"G Gentili","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gentili G, Pini C, Collotti C (1985) The use of immunoenzymatic assay for the estimation of tenanus antitoxin in human sera: a comparison with seroneutralization and indirect haemagglutination. J Biol Stand 13: 53\u201359","journal-title":"J Biol Stand"},{"key":"5_CR55","first-page":"44","volume-title":"Antigens and antibodies in chlamydial and bacterial diseases, XI","author":"G Gentili","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gentili G, Wirz M, Collotti C (1986) Clostridium tetani toxin antibodies. In: Masseyeff R (ed) Antigens and antibodies in chlamydial and bacterial diseases, XI. 3rd edn VCH Weinheim pp 44\u201352","edition":"3"},{"key":"5_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01710736","volume":"21","author":"G Gentili","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gentili G, D\u2019Amelio R, Wirz M, Matricardi PM, Nisini R, Collotti C, Pasquini P, Stroffolini T (1993) Prevalence of hyperimmunization against tetanus in Italians born after the introduction of mandatory vaccination of children with tetanus toxoid in 1968. Infection 21: 80\u201382","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"5_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-1157(87)90025-4","volume":"15","author":"FM German","year":"1987","unstructured":"German FM, Bizzini B, German A (1987a) Immunity to tetanus: tetanus antitoxin and anti-Bllb in human sera. J Biol Stand 15: 223\u2013230","journal-title":"J Biol Stand"},{"key":"5_CR58","first-page":"119","volume":"3","author":"FM German","year":"1987","unstructured":"German FM, German A, Bizzini B (1987b) Relation between protective potency and specificity of antibodies in sera of tetanus immunized individuals. Eur J Epidemiol 3: 119\u2013122","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110730","volume":"70","author":"F Gigliotti","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gigliotti F, Insel RA (1982) Protective human hybridoma antibody to tetanus toxin. J Clin Invest 70: 1306\u20131309","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"5_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700350111","volume":"35","author":"AT Glenny","year":"1932","unstructured":"Glenny AT, Barr M (1932) The \u201cdilution ratio\u201d of diphtheria antitoxin as a measure of avidity. J Pathol Bacteriol 35: 91\u201396","journal-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol"},{"key":"5_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(88)90016-5","volume":"105","author":"RS Gonnering","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gonnering RS (1988) Negative antibody response to long-term treatment of facial spasm with botulinum toxin. Am J Ophthalmol 105: 313\u2013315","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"5_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870080411","volume":"8","author":"PE Greene","year":"1993","unstructured":"Greene PE, Fahn S (1993) Use of botulinum toxin type F injections to treat torticollis in patients with immunity to botulinum toxin type A. Mov Disord 8: 479\u2013483","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"5_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1006\/biol.1994.1009","volume":"22","author":"RJ Gupta","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gupta RJ, Higham S, Gupta CK, Rost BR, Siber GR (1994) Suitability of the vero cell method for titration of diphtheria antitoxin in the United States potency test for diphtheria toxoid. Biologicals 22: 65\u201372","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"5_CR64","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Vaccines and immunotherapy","author":"W Habig","year":"1991","unstructured":"Habig W, Tankersley D (1991) Tetanus. In: Cryz S (ed) Vaccines and immunotherapy. Pergamon, New York, pp 13\u201319"},{"key":"5_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.58.4.1004-1009.1990","volume":"58","author":"JL Halpern","year":"1990","unstructured":"Halpern JL, Habig WH, Neale EA, Stibitz S (1990) Cloning and expression of functional fragment C of tetanus toxin. Infect Immun 58: 1004\u20131009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6832.959-a","volume":"304","author":"P Hambleton","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hambleton P, Cohen HE, Palmer BJ, Melling J (1992) Antitoxins and botulinum toxin treatment. BMJ 304: 959\u2013960","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5_CR67","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Botulism","author":"WK Harrell","year":"1964","unstructured":"Harrell WK, Green JH, Winn JF (1964) Preparation, evaluation, and use of C. botulinum antitoxins. In: Lewis KH, Cassel KJ (eds) Botulism. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Cincinnati, pp 165\u2013170"},{"key":"5_CR68","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Therapy with botulinum toxins","author":"CL Hatheway","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hatheway CL, Dang C (1994) Immunogenicity of the neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum. In: Jankovoc J, Hallett M (ed) Therapy with botulinum toxins. Dekker, New York, pp 93\u2013107"},{"key":"5_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.3.407","volume":"150","author":"CH Hatheway","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hatheway CH, Snyder JD, Seals JE, Edell TA, Lewis GJ (1984) Antitoxin levels in botulism patients treated with trivalent equine botulism antitoxin to toxin types A,B, and E. J Infect Dis. 150: 407\u2013412","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"5_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb07959.x","volume":"93","author":"M Hazlewood","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hazlewood M, Nusrat R, Kumararatne DS, Goodall M, Raykundalia C, Wang DG, Joyce HJ, Milford WA, Forte M, Pahor A (1993) The acquisition of anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide Haemophilus influenzae type b and tetanus toxoid antibodies, with age, in the UK. Clin Exp Immunol 93: 157\u2013164","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"5_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)32814-4","volume":"252","author":"TB Helting","year":"1977","unstructured":"Helting TB, Zwisler O (1977) Structure of tetanus toxin I. Breakdown of the toxin molecule and discrimination between polypeptide fragments. J Biol Chem 252: 187\u2013193","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"5_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-1157(88)90017-0","volume":"16","author":"CFM Hendriksen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hendriksen CFM, vander Gun JW, Nagel J, Kreeftenberg JG (1988) The toxin binding inhibition test as a reliable in vitro alternative to the toxin neutralization test in mice for the estimation of tetanus antitoxin in human sera. J Biol Stand 16: 287\u2013297","journal-title":"J Biol Stand"},{"key":"5_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-1157(89)90009-7","volume":"17","author":"CFM Hendriksen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hendriksen CFM, vander Gun JW, Kreeftenberg JG (1989) Combined estimation of tetanus and diphtheria antitoxin in human sera by the in vitro toxin-binding inhibition (ToBI) test. J Biol Stand 17: 191\u2013200","journal-title":"J Biol Stand"},{"key":"5_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/1045-1056(91)90020-K","volume":"19","author":"CFM Hendriksen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hendriksen CFM, vander Gun JW, Marsman F, Kreeftenberg JG (1991) The use of the in vitro toxin binding (ToBI) test for the estimation of the potency of tetanus toxoid. Biologicals 19: 23\u201329","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"5_CR75","first-page":"421","volume":"9","author":"J Hodgson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hodgson J (1991) Making monoclonals in microbes. Bio technol 9: 421\u2013425","journal-title":"Bio technol"},{"key":"5_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4272","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.10.4272-4279.1993","volume":"61","author":"RJ Jackson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jackson RJ, Fujihashi K, Xu-Amano J, Kiyono H, Elson CO, McGhee JR (1993) Optimizing oral vaccines: induction of systemic and mucosal B-cell and antibody responses to tetanus toxoid by use of cholera toxin as an adjuvant. Infect Immun 61: 4272\u20134279","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530240057020","volume":"48","author":"J Jankovic","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jankovic J, Schwartz KS (1991) Clinical correlates of response to botulinum toxin injections. Arch Neurol 48: 1253\u20131256","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"5_CR78","unstructured":"Jerne NK (1951) Avidity. Acta Pathol. Microbiol Scand. [Suppl] 87."},{"key":"5_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1993.tb03311.x","volume":"70","author":"TF Jubb","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jubb TF, Ellis TM, Gregory AR (1993) Diagnosis of botulism in cattle using ELISA to detect antibody to botulinum toxins. Aust Vet J 70: 226\u2013227","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"5_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(88)90326-1","volume":"26","author":"II Kaiser","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kaiser II, Middlebrook JL (1988) Preparation of a crotoxin neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Toxicon 26: 855\u2013865","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"5_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00151713","volume":"6","author":"M Kamei","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kamei M, Hashizume S, Sugimoto N, Ozutsumi K, Matsuda M (1990) Establishment of stable human\/mouse hybrid cell lines producing large amounts of anti-tetanus human monoclonal antibodies with high neutralizing activity. Eur J Epidemiol 6: 386\u2013397","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5_CR82","first-page":"418","volume":"26","author":"W Kempner","year":"1897","unstructured":"Kempner W (1897) Weitere Beitr\u00e4ge zur Lehre der Fleischvergiftung. Das Antitoxin des Botulismus. Z. Hyg. Infektkr 26: 418\u2013500","journal-title":"Z. Hyg. Infektkr"},{"key":"5_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.42.3.942-948.1983","volume":"42","author":"JG Kenimer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kenimer JG, Habig WH, Hardegree MC (1983) Monoclonal antibodies as probes of tetanus toxin structure and function. Infect Immun 42: 942\u2013948","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.3620310212","volume":"31","author":"ST Kiessig","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kiessig ST, Hentschel C, Jahn S, Mehl M. Starke R, Porstmann T (1991) A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the detection of tetanus toxin using human and murine monoclonal antibodies. J Basic Microbiol 31: 135\u2013140","journal-title":"J Basic Microbiol"},{"issue":"unpublished","key":"5_CR85","first-page":"65","volume":"750","author":"P Krag","year":"1965","unstructured":"Krag P, Bentzon MW (1965) Report on international collaborative assay of antibotulinus serum type F. WHO\/BS 750: 65 (unpublished)","journal-title":"WHO\/BS"},{"key":"5_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.1.466","volume":"151","author":"AB Lang","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lang AB, Cryz SJ Jr, Schurch U, Ganss MT, Bruderer U (1993) Immunotherapy with human monoclonal antibodies. Fragment A specificity of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies is crucial for full protection against tetanus toxin. J Immunol 151: 466\u2013472","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"5_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9542-4_50","volume-title":"Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins, neurotransmission and biomedical aspects","author":"HF LaPenotiere","year":"1993","unstructured":"LaPenotiere HF, Clayton MA, Brown JE, Middlebrook JL (1993) Development of a molecularly engineered vaccine for C. botulinum neurotoxins. In: DasGupta BR (ed) Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins, neurotransmission and biomedical aspects. Plenum, New York, pp 463\u2013466"},{"key":"5_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6376","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.20.6376","volume":"80","author":"JW Larrick","year":"1983","unstructured":"Larrick JW, Truitt KE, Raubitschek AA, Senyk G, Wang JCN (1983) Characterization of human hybridomas secreting antibody to tetanus toxoid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 6376\u20136380","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"5_CR89","first-page":"323","volume":"37","author":"G Layton","year":"1980","unstructured":"Layton G (1980) A microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunosorbent technique (RIST) for the detection of immunity to clinical tetanus. Med Lab Sci 37: 323\u2013329","journal-title":"Med Lab Sci"},{"key":"5_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken1952.25.309","volume":"25","author":"LL Layton","year":"1972","unstructured":"Layton LL, Arimoto L, Lamanna C, Olson R, Sharp D, Kondo H, Sakaguchi G (1972) Immunochemical and physiological comparison of horse botulinal antitoxins. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 25: 309\u2013320","journal-title":"Jpn J Med Sci Biol"},{"key":"5_CR91","first-page":"221","volume":"24","author":"HF Lee","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lee HF, Tseng LR (1991) Improvement of the E1A kit for the detection of tetanus immunoglobulin in human sera. Chung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih 24: 221\u2013228","journal-title":"Chung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih"},{"key":"5_CR92","first-page":"269","volume":"20","author":"HF Lee","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lee HF, Chen HM, Hsu ST (1987) Serological survey of immune response to tetanus toxoid using antitoxin enzyme immunoassay. Chung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih 20: 269\u2013278","journal-title":"Chung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih"},{"key":"5_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02284114","volume":"65","author":"J Leuchs","year":"1910","unstructured":"Leuchs J (1910) Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntnis des Toxins and Antitoxins des Bacillus botulinus. Z Hyg Infektkr 65: 55\u201384","journal-title":"Z Hyg Infektkr"},{"key":"5_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-447180-1.50025-0","volume-title":"Biomedical aspects of botulism","author":"GE Lewis","year":"1981","unstructured":"Lewis GE (1981) Approaches to the prophylaxis, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy of botulism. In: Lewis G E Jr (ed) Biomedical aspects of botulism. Academic, New York, pp 261\u2013270"},{"key":"5_CR95","first-page":"634","volume":"2","author":"GE Lewis Jr","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lewis GE Jr, Metzger JF (1978) Botulism immune plasma. Lancet 2: 634\u2013635","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5_CR96","first-page":"601","volume-title":"Natural toxins","author":"GE Lewis Jr","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lewis GE Jr, Metzger JF (1980) Studies on the Prophylaxis and treatment of botulism. In: Eaker D, Wadstrom T (eds) Natural toxins, Pergamon, Oxford, pp 601\u2013606"},{"key":"5_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899009147234","volume":"22","author":"M Luisto","year":"1990","unstructured":"Luisto M (1990) Tetanus in Finland: diagnostic problems and complications. Ann Med 22: 15\u201319","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"5_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S1045-1056(05)80057-0","volume":"20","author":"J Lyng","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lyng J, Heron I (1992) Quantitative estimation of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. VI. Use of different antibody titration methods for evaluation of immunogenicity in animals during potency assay of diphtheria toxoid. Biologicals. 20: 101\u2013108","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"5_CR99","first-page":"1043","volume":"7","author":"AJ Makoff","year":"1989","unstructured":"Makoff AJ, Ballantine SP, Smallwood AE, Fairweather NF (1989a) Expression of tetanus toxin fragment C in E. coli: its purification and potential use as a vaccine. Biotechnol 7: 1043\u20131046","journal-title":"Biotechnol"},{"key":"5_CR100","unstructured":"V. Chandrika CTMI Volume 195 Chapter 5 Mss 213 to"},{"key":"5_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10191","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/17.24.10191","volume":"17","author":"AJ Makoff","year":"1989","unstructured":"Makoff AJ, Oxer MD, Romanos MA, Fairweather NF, Ballantine S (1989b) Expression of tetanus toxin fragment C in E. coli: high level expression by removing rare codons. Nucleic Acids Res 17: 10191\u201310202","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(93)90192-A","volume":"161","author":"E Markela","year":"1993","unstructured":"Markela E, Stalhberg TH, Hemmil\u00e4 I (1993) Europium-labeled recombinant protein G. A fast and sensitive universal immunoreagent for time-resolved immunofluorometry. J Immunol Methods 161: 1\u20136","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"5_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(87)90022-2","volume":"2","author":"DJ Maskell","year":"1987","unstructured":"Maskell DJ, Sweeney KJ, O\u2019Callaghan D, Hormaeche CE, Liew FY, Dougan G (1987) Salmonella typhimuriam aroA mutants as carriers of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin to the murine secretory and systemic immune systems. Microb Pathog 2: 211\u2013221","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"5_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00145053","volume":"5","author":"P Mastroeni","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mastroeni P, Leonardi MS, Gazzara D, Bizzini B (1989) Rapid assessment of the antitetanus immune status of a subject using dot-ELISA. Eur J Epidemiol 5: 97\u2013100","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.12.5.1147-1153.1975","volume":"12","author":"M Matsuda","year":"1975","unstructured":"Matsuda M, Yoneda M (1975) Isolation and purification of two antigenically active, \u201ccomplementary\u201d polypeptide fragments of tetanus toxin. Infect Immun 12: 1147\u20131153","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196401232700404","volume":"270","author":"J McComb","year":"1964","unstructured":"McComb J (1964) The prophylactic dose of homologous tetanus antitoxin. N Engl J Med 270: 175\u2013178","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91659-X","volume":"1","author":"GH McCracken Jr","year":"1971","unstructured":"McCracken GH Jr, Dowell DL, Marshall FN (1971) Double-blind trial of equine antitoxin and human immune globulin in tetanus neonatorum. Lancet 1: 1146\u20131149","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5_CR108","first-page":"136","volume-title":"ELISA in the clinical microbiology laboratory","author":"M Melville-Smith","year":"1990","unstructured":"Melville-Smith M (1990) Diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins. In: Wreghitt TG, Morgan-Capner P (eds) ELISA in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Public Health Laboratory Service, London, pp 136\u2013147"},{"key":"5_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/1.4.689","volume":"1","author":"JF Metzger","year":"1979","unstructured":"Metzger JF, Lewis GE (1979) Human-derived immune globulins for the treatment of botulism. Rev Infect Dis 1: 689\u2013692","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"5_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(91)90289-4","volume":"29","author":"JL Middlebrook","year":"1991","unstructured":"Middlebrook JL (1991) Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against pseudexin. Toxicon 29: 359\u2013370","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"5_CR111","first-page":"17","volume":"4","author":"RC Moen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Moen RC, Oemichen SL, Kiggnes AJ, Hong R (1986) ELISA detection of specific functional antibodies in human sera to Escherichia coli, tetanus toxoid, and diphtheria-tetanus toxoids: normal values for IgG, IgA, and IgM. Diagn Immunol 4: 17\u201323","journal-title":"Diagn Immunol"},{"key":"5_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-1157(78)80028-6","volume":"6","author":"L Mouillet","year":"1978","unstructured":"Mouillet L, Chaniot S, Crajer M, Netter R (1978) Int\u00e9r\u00eat de l\u2019immunodiffusion radiale dans le titrage des immunoglobulines t\u00e9taniques. J Biol Stand 6: 13\u201320","journal-title":"J Biol Stand"},{"key":"5_CR113","first-page":"305","volume":"98","author":"NS Nation","year":"1963","unstructured":"Nation NS, Pierce NF, Adler SJ, Chinnock RF, Wehrle PF (1963) Tetanus: use of human hyperimmune globulin in treatment. Calif Med 98: 305\u2013307","journal-title":"Calif Med"},{"key":"5_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(92)90864-2","volume":"30","author":"H Niemann","year":"1992","unstructured":"Niemann H (1992) Clostridial neurotoxins-proposal of a common nomenclature. Toxicon 30: 223\u2013225","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"5_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-1157(80)80009-6","volume":"8","author":"G Nyerges","year":"1980","unstructured":"Nyerges G, Lutter J (1980) The influence of the method of preservation of erythrocytes on the correlation between tetanus antitoxin values as measured by passive haemagglutination and by sero-neutralization tests in mice. J Biol Stand 8: 311\u2013316","journal-title":"J Biol Stand"},{"key":"5_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt196892209","volume":"9","author":"FW Oberst","year":"1967","unstructured":"Oberst FW, Crook JW, Cresthull P, House MJ (1967) Evaluation of botulinum antitoxin, supportive therapy, and artificial respiration in monkeys with experimental botulism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 9: 209\u2013214","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"5_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-15.1.3","volume":"15","author":"I Ohishi","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ohishi I, Sakaguchi G, Riemann H, Behymer D, Hurvell B (1979) Antibodies to Clostridium botulinum toxins in free-living birds and mammals. J Wild Dis 15: 3\u20139","journal-title":"J Wild Dis"},{"key":"5_CR118","first-page":"124","volume":"91","author":"A Pal","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pal A, Kumar R, Jailkhani BL (1990) An ELISA for quantitation of tetanus toxin. Indian J Med Res 91: 124\u2013125","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"5_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1989.50.08.1279","volume":"50","author":"J Paul-Murphy","year":"1989","unstructured":"Paul-Murphy J, Gershwin LJ, Thatcher EF, Fowler ME, Habig WH (1989) Immune response of the llama (Lama glama) to tetanus toxoid vaccination. Am J Vet Res 50: 1279\u20131281","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"5_CR120","volume-title":"The median paralysis unit: a more pharmacologically relevant unit of biologic activity for botulinum toxin","author":"LB Pearce","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pearce LB, Borodic GE, Johnson EA, First ER, MacCallum R (1994a) The median paralysis unit: a more pharmacologically relevant unit of biologic activity for botulinum toxin. Toxicon (submitted)"},{"key":"5_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearce LB, Borodic GE, First ER, MacCallum R (1994b) Measurement of botulinum toxin activity: evaluation of the lethality assay. Ther Appl Pharmacol (in press)","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1994.1181"},{"key":"5_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-1157(80)80034-5","volume":"8","author":"M Peel","year":"1980","unstructured":"Peel M (1980a) Measurement of tetanus antitoxin. I. Indirect haemagglutination. J Biol Stand 8: 177\u2013189","journal-title":"J Biol Stand"},{"key":"5_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-1157(80)80035-7","volume":"8","author":"M Peel","year":"1980","unstructured":"Peel M (1980b) Measurement of tetanus antitoxin. II. Toxin neutralization. J Biol Stand 8: 191\u2013207","journal-title":"J Biol Stand"},{"key":"5_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(92)90373-R","volume":"10","author":"JD Porter","year":"1992","unstructured":"Porter JD, Parkin MA, Corbel MJ, Farrington CP, Watkins JT, Begg NT (1992) Lack of early antitoxin response to tetanus booster. Vaccine 10: 334\u2013336","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"5_CR125","first-page":"1","volume":"41","author":"R Prevots","year":"1992","unstructured":"Prevots R, Sutter RW, Strebel PM, Cochi SL, Hadler S (1992) Tetanus surveillance\u2014United States, 1989\u20131990. MMRW CDC Surveill Summ 41: 1\u20139","journal-title":"MMRW CDC Surveill Summ"},{"key":"5_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82091-9","volume":"268","author":"P Ray","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ray P, Berman JD, Middleton W, Brendle J (1993) Botulinum toxin inhibits arachidonic acid release associated with acetylcholine release from PC12 cells. J Biol Chem 268: 11057\u201311064","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"5_CR127","first-page":"309","volume":"55","author":"HR Reames","year":"1947","unstructured":"Reames HR, Kadull PJ, Housewright RD, Wilson JB (1947) Studies on botulinum toxoids, types A and B. III. Immunization in man. J Bacteriol 55: 309\u2013324","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"5_CR128","first-page":"493","volume":"27","author":"LJ Reed","year":"1938","unstructured":"Reed LJ, Muench HM (1938) A simple method for estimating fifty percent endpoints. Am J Hyg 27: 493\u2013497","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"},{"key":"5_CR129","first-page":"51","volume":"43","author":"J Reiss","year":"1991","unstructured":"Reiss J, Zawistowska MI, Grzybowski J (1991) A simplified method of rapid hemagglutination test for determining the levels of tetanus antibodies. Med Dosw Mikrobiol 43: 51\u201354","journal-title":"Med Dosw Mikrobiol"},{"key":"5_CR130","first-page":"55","volume":"41","author":"M Rey","year":"1978","unstructured":"Rey M, Fontanges R, Robert D, Taylor J, Relyveld E, Vincent-Falquet J, Durand B (1978) Le test d\u2019h\u00e9magglutination passive dans l\u2019\u00e9valuation de l\u2019immunit\u00e9 antit\u00e9tanique. Dev Biol Stand 41: 55\u201363","journal-title":"Dev Biol Stand"},{"key":"5_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.7.1461","volume":"19","author":"MA Romanos","year":"1991","unstructured":"Romanos MA, Makoff AJ, Fairweather NF, Beesley KM, Slater DE, Rayment FB, Payne MM, Clare JJ (1991) Expression of tetanus toxin fragment C in yeast: gene synthesis is required to eliminate fortuitous polyadenylation sites in AT-rich DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1461\u20131467","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.16.4.770-771.1982","volume":"16","author":"LG Rubin","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rubin LG, Dezfulian M, Yolken RH (1982) Serum antibody response to Clostridium botulinum toxin in infant botulism. J Clin Microbiol 16: 770\u2013771","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-1157(81)80027-3","volume":"9","author":"M Rubin","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rubin M, Wong E, Bell H, Bowman J, Albritton W (1981) A reversed rocket electrophoresis method for the determination of high tetanus antitoxin levels. J Biol Stand 9: 367\u2013371","journal-title":"J Biol Stand"},{"key":"5_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(93)90071-5","volume":"11","author":"HC Rumke","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rumke HC, Schlumberger M, Floury B, Nagel J, van Steenis B (1993) Serological evaluation of a simplified immunization schedule using quadruple DPT-polio vaccine in Burkina Faso. Vaccine 11: 1113\u20131118","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"5_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.7.1504-1507.1991","volume":"29","author":"JP Schroder","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schroder JP, Kuhlmann WD (1991) Detection of tetanus antitoxin using Eu(3+)- labeled anti-human immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibodies in a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol 29: 1504\u20131507","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5_CR136","first-page":"197","volume":"156","author":"PJ Schwarz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schwarz PJ, Arnon SS (1992) Botulism immune globulin for infant botulism arrives\u2014one year and a Gulf War later. West J Med 156: 197\u2013198","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"5_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92284-M","volume":"340","author":"D Sesardic","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sesardic D, Corbel MJ (1992) Testing for neutralising potential of serum antibodies to tetanus and diphtheria toxin (letter). Lancet 340: 737\u2013738","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1006\/biol.1993.1048","volume":"21","author":"D Sesardic","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sesardic D, Wong MY, Gaines Das RE, Corbell MJ (1994) The 1st international standard for antitetanus immunoglobulin, human; pharmaceutical, evaluation and international collaborative study. Biologicals 21: 67\u201375","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"5_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1987.tb04929.x","volume":"62","author":"AJ Sheppard","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sheppard AJ, Hughes M, Stephen J (1987) Affinity purification of tetanus toxin using polyclonal and monoclonal antibody immunoadsorbents. J Appl Bacteriol 62: 335\u2013348","journal-title":"J Appl Bacteriol"},{"key":"5_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17137.x","volume":"207","author":"CC Shone","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shone CC, Melling J (1992) Inhibition of calcium-dependent release of noradrenaline from PC12 cells by botulinum type-A neurotoxin. Long-term effects of the neurotoxin on intact cells. Eur J Biochem 207: 1009\u20131016","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"5_CR141","first-page":"141","volume":"64","author":"C Shone","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shone C, Appleton N, Wilton SP, Hambleton P, Modi N, Gatley S, Melling J (1986) In vitro assays for botulinum toxin and antitoxins. Dev Biol Stand 64: 141\u2013145","journal-title":"Dev Biol Stand"},{"key":"5_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31384-9","volume":"100","author":"RM Siatkowski","year":"1993","unstructured":"Siatkowski RM, Tyutyunikov A, Biglan AW, Scalise D, Genovese C, Raikow RB, Kennerdell JS, Feuer WJ (1993) Serum antibody production to botulinum A toxin. Ophthalmology 100: 1861\u20131866","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"5_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.26.11.2351-2356.1988","volume":"26","author":"LS Siegel","year":"1988","unstructured":"Siegel LS (1988) Human immune response to botulinum pentavalent (ABCDE) toxoid determined by a neutralization test and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 26: 2351\u20132356","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.8.1906-1908.1989","volume":"27","author":"LS Siegel","year":"1989","unstructured":"Siegel LS (1989) Evaluation of neutralizing antibodies to type A, B, E, and F botulinum toxins in sera from human recipients of botulinum pentavalent (ABCDE) toxoid. J Clin Microbiol 27: 1906\u20131908","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5_CR145","first-page":"24","volume":"36","author":"O Simonsen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Simonsen O (1989) Vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria. Evaluation of immunity in the Danish population, guidelines for revaccination, and methods for control of vaccination programs. Dan Med Bull 36: 24\u201347","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"5_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92796-X","volume":"2","author":"O Simonsen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Simonsen O, Kjeldsen K, Heron I (1984) Immunity against tetanus and effect of revaccination 25\u201330 years after primary vaccination. Lancet 2: 1240\u20131242","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-1157(86)90008-9","volume":"14","author":"O Simonsen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Simonsen O, Bentzon MW, Heron I (1986) ELISA for the routine determination of antitoxic immunity to tetanus. J Biol Stand 14: 231\u2013239","journal-title":"J Biol Stand"},{"key":"5_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-1157(87)90037-0","volume":"15","author":"O Simonsen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Simonsen O, Schou C, Heron I (1987) Modification of the ELISA for the estimation of tetanus antitoxin in human sera. J Biol Stand 15: 143\u2013157","journal-title":"J Biol Stand"},{"key":"5_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)12572-X","volume":"254","author":"LL Simpson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Simpson LL, Lake P, Kozaki S (1990) Isolation and characterization of a novel human monoclonal antibody that neutralizes tetanus toxin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 254: 98\u2013103","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"5_CR150","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Army Science: the new frontiers: military and civilian applications","author":"MH Sjogren","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sjogren MH, McKee KT, Clayton MA, Franz DR, Condie RM, Peters CJ (1993) Safety and kinetics of an equine F(ab)2 heptavalent botulinum antitoxin in human volunteers. In: Kamely D, Bannister KA, Sasmor RM (eds) Army Science: the new frontiers: military and civilian applications. Borg Biomedical, Saratoga, WY, pp 157\u2013158"},{"key":"5_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109234","volume":"62","author":"RH Stevens","year":"1978","unstructured":"Stevens RH, Saxon A (1978) Immunoregulation in humans: control of antitetanus toxoid antibody production after booster immunization. J Clin Invest 62: 1154\u20131160","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"5_CR152","unstructured":"Stiffler-Rosenberg G, Fey H (1977) Measurement of human tetanus antitoxinusing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 107:"},{"key":"5_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/351456a0","volume":"351","author":"CK Stover","year":"1991","unstructured":"Stover CK, de la Cruz VF, Fuerst TR, Burlein JE, Benson LA, Bennett LT, Bansal GP, Young JF, Lee MH, Hatfull GF, Snapper SB, Barletta RG, Jacobs WR Jr, Bloom BR (1991) New use of BCG for recombinant vaccines. Nature 351: 456\u2013460","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.30.3.420-423.1975","volume":"30","author":"H Sugiyama","year":"1975","unstructured":"Sugiyama H, Brenner SL, DasGupta BR (1975) Detection of Clostridium botulinum toxin by local paralysis elicited with intramuscular challenge. Appl Microbiol 30: 420\u2013423","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"5_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90988-4","volume":"76","author":"CO Tacket","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tacket CO, Shandera WX, Mann JM, Hargrett NT, Blake PA (1984) Equine antitoxin use and other factors that predict outcome in type A foodborne botulism. Am J Med 76: 794\u2013798","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"5_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken1952.43.163","volume":"43","author":"M Takahashi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Takahashi M, Komiya T, Kameyama S, Sakaguchi G (1990a) Titration of botulinum antitoxin of low levels by the score method. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 43: 163\u2013170","journal-title":"Jpn J Med Sci Biol"},{"key":"5_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken1952.43.233","volume":"43","author":"M Takahashi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Takahashi M, Noda H, Takeshita S, Fujiwara T, Nakanoin H, Mizunoya T, Sakaguchi G (1990b) Attempts to quantity Clostridium botulinum type A toxin and antitoxin in serum of two cases of infant botulism in Japan. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 43: 233\u2013237","journal-title":"Jpn J Med Sci Biol"},{"key":"5_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.1860040210","volume":"4","author":"GM Thiele","year":"1990","unstructured":"Thiele GM, Rogers J, Collins M, Yasuda N, Smith D, McDonald TL (1990) An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antitetanus toxoid antibody using aluminium-absorbed coating antigen. J Clin Lab Anal 4: 126\u2013129","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"5_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15461.x","volume":"189","author":"DE Thompson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Thompson DE, Brehm JK, Oultram JD, Swinfield T-J, Shone CC, Atkinson T, Melling J, Minton NP (1990) The complete amino acid sequence of the Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin, deduced by nucleotide sequence analysis of the encoding gene. Eur J Biochem 189: 73\u201381","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"5_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1989.tb00461.x","volume":"97","author":"M-A Trabaud","year":"1989","unstructured":"Trabaud M-A, Lery L, Desgranges C (1989) Human monoclonal antibodies with a protective activity against tetanus toxin. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand 97: 671\u2013676","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand"},{"key":"5_CR161","first-page":"1802","volume":"12","author":"IM Velikanov","year":"1934","unstructured":"Velikanov IM (1934) Experimental immunization of man against botulism. Klin Med 12: 1802\u20131806","journal-title":"Klin Med"},{"key":"5_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.12.1754","volume":"83","author":"L Vernacchio","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vernacchio L, Madico G, Verastegui M, Diaz F, Collins TS, Gilman RH (1993) Neonatal tetanus in Peru: risk assessment with modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and toxoid skin test. Am J Public Health 83: 1754\u20131756","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"5_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S0340-904X(78)80041-4","volume":"155","author":"G Virella","year":"1978","unstructured":"Virella G, Fudenberg H, Kyong K, Pandey J, Galbriath R (1978) A practical method for quantitation of antibody responses to tetanus and diphtheria toxoids in normal young children. Z Immunit\u00e4tsforsch Immunobiol 155: 80\u201386","journal-title":"Z Immunit\u00e4tsforsch Immunobiol"},{"key":"5_CR164","first-page":"215","volume":"3","author":"G Virella","year":"1985","unstructured":"Virella G, Hyman B, Kilpatrick JM (1985) Solid-phase enzymoimmunoassay of antitetanus toxoid antibodies. Diagn Immunol 3: 215\u2013219","journal-title":"Diagn Immunol"},{"key":"5_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.45.3.604-609.1984","volume":"45","author":"WA Volk","year":"1984","unstructured":"Volk WA, Bizzini B, Snyder RM, Bernhard E, Wagner RR (1984) Neutralization of tetanus toxin by distinct monoclonal antibodies binding to multiple epitopes on the toxin molecule. Infect Immun 45: 604\u2013609","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.2.451","volume":"167","author":"JT Weber","year":"1993","unstructured":"Weber JT, Hibbs RJ, Darwish A, Mishu B, Corwin AL, Rakha M, Hatheway CL, El-Sharkawy SS, El- Rahim SA, Al-Hamd FS, Sam JE, Blake PA, Tauxe RV (1993) A massive outbreak of type E botulism associated with traditional salted fish in Cairo. J Infect Dis 167: 451\u2013454","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01660.x","volume":"8","author":"JM Wells","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wells JM, Wilson PW, Norton PM, Gasson MJ, LePage RWF (1993) Lactococcus lactis: high-level expression of tetanus toxin fragment C and protection against lethal challenge. Mol Microbiol 8: 1155\u20131162","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"5_CR168","first-page":"277","volume":"68","author":"WHO","year":"1993","unstructured":"WHO (1993) Expanded program on immunization. The global elimination of neonatal tetanus: progress to date. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 68: 277\u2013282","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"5_CR169","series-title":"BLG\/UNDP\/77.2 Rev 1","volume-title":"Manual for the production and control of vaccines: tetanus toxoid","author":"WHO","year":"1977","unstructured":"WHO (1977) Manual for the production and control of vaccines: tetanus toxoid. BLG\/UNDP\/77.2 Rev 1. WHO, Geneva"},{"key":"5_CR170","volume-title":"Clostridium botulinum Type B Antitoxin: replacement of the international standard progress report","author":"WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization","year":"1982","unstructured":"WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization (1982) Clostridium botulinum Type B Antitoxin: replacement of the international standard progress report. WHO\/BS 82. 1352 (unpublished)"},{"key":"5_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1990.42.175","volume":"42","author":"H Wilde","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wilde H, Chutivongse S (1990) Equine rabies immune globulin: a product with an undeserved poor reputation. Am J Trop Med Hyg 42: 175\u2013178","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"5_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91885-X","volume":"2","author":"H Wilde","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wilde H, Chomchey P, Prakongsri S, Punyaratabandhu P (1987) Safety of equine rabies immune globulin (letter) Lancet 2: 1275","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(89)90003-0","volume":"7","author":"H Wilde","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wilde H, Chomchey P, Prakongsri S, Punyaratabandhu P, Chutivongse S (1989a) Adverse effects of equine rabies immune globulin. Vaccine 7: 10\u201311","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"5_CR174","first-page":"731","volume":"67","author":"H Wilde","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wilde H, Chomchey P, Punyaratabandhu P, Phanupak P, Chutivongse S (1989b) Purified equine rabies immune globulin: a safe and affordable alternative to human rabies immune globulin. Bull World Health Organ 67: 731\u2013736","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"5_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10106.x","volume":"59","author":"LC Williamson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Williamson LC, Fitzgerald SC, Neale EA (1992) Differential effects of tetanus toxin on inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter release from mammalian spinal cord cultures in culture. J Neurochem 59: 2148\u20132157","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"5_CR176","first-page":"35","volume":"13","author":"M Wirz","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wirz M, Gentili G, Collotti C (1990) Tetanus vaccine: present status. Adv Biotechnol Processes 13: 35\u201355","journal-title":"Adv Biotechnol Processes"},{"key":"5_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.84.4.384","volume":"84","author":"GG Wright","year":"1960","unstructured":"Wright GG, Duff JT, Fiock MA, Devlin HB, S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m RL (1960) Studies on immunity to toxins of Clostridium botulinum. V.Detoxification of purified type A and B toxins, and the antigenicity of univalent and bivalent aluminum phosphate adsorbed toxoids. J Immunol 84: 384\u2013389","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"5_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1089\/hyb.1986.5.21","volume":"5","author":"HWL Ziegler-Heitbrock","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ziegler-Heitbrock HWL, Reiter C, Trenkmann J, Futterer A, Reithmuller G (1986) Protection of mice against tetanus toxin by combination of two human monoclonal antibodies recognizing distinct epitopes on the toxin molecule. Hybridoma 5: 21\u201331","journal-title":"Hybridoma"},{"key":"5_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.9.1715","volume":"43","author":"M Zuber","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zuber M, Sebald M, Bathien N, de Recondo RJ, Rondot P (1993) Botulinum antibodies in dystonic patients treated with type A botulinum toxin: frequency and significance Neurology 43: 1715\u20131718","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology","Clostridial Neurotoxins"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-642-85173-5_5.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T23:14:21Z","timestamp":1742512461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-642-85173-5_5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995]]},"ISBN":["9783642851759","9783642851735"],"references-count":179,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-85173-5_5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0070-217X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0070-217X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995]]}}}