{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T10:03:21Z","timestamp":1766311401691},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783662435045"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783662435052"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-43505-2_21","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,28]],"date-time":"2015-05-28T20:47:54Z","timestamp":1432846074000},"page":"331-348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Foundations of Rough Sets"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Skowron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Jankowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman W.","family":"Swiniarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"21_CR1","series-title":"Theory and Decision Library D","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-3534-4","volume-title":"Rough Sets: Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Data","author":"Z. Pawlak","year":"1991","unstructured":"Z. Pawlak: Rough Sets: Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Data, Theory and Decision Library D, Vol. 9 (Kluwer, Dordrecht 1991)"},{"key":"21_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01001956","volume":"11","author":"Z. Pawlak","year":"1982","unstructured":"Z. Pawlak: Rough sets, Int. J. Comp. Inform. Sci. 11, 341\u2013356 (1982)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comp. Inform. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"21_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2006.06.003","volume":"177","author":"Z. Pawlak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Z. Pawlak, A. Skowron: Rudiments of rough sets, Inform. Sci. 177(1), 3\u201327 (2007)","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"21_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2006.06.006","volume":"177","author":"Z. Pawlak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Z. Pawlak, A. Skowron: Rough Sets: Some Extensions, Inform. Sci. 177(1), 28\u201340 (2007)","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"21_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2006.06.007","volume":"177","author":"Z. Pawlak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Z. Pawlak, A. Skowron: Rough sets and Boolean reasoning, Inform. Sci. 177(1), 41\u201373 (2007)","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Skowron, Z.\u00a0Suraj (Eds.): Rough Sets and Intelligent Systems. Professor Zdzislaw Pawlak in Memoriam, Intelligent Systems\n\t Reference Library, Vol.\u00a042\/43 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg\u00a02013)","key":"21_CR6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30344-9"},{"key":"21_CR7","series-title":"Intelligent Systems Reference Library","volume-title":"Three Approaches to Data Analysis. Test Theory, Rough Sets and Logical Analysis of Data","author":"I. Chikalov","year":"2012","unstructured":"I. Chikalov, V. Lozin, I. Lozina, M. Moshkov, H.S. Nguyen, A. Skowron, B. Zielosko: Three Approaches to Data Analysis. Test Theory, Rough Sets and Logical Analysis of Data, Intelligent Systems Reference Library, Vol. 41 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2012)"},{"unstructured":"Ch. Cornelis (Ed.): International Rough Sets Society, online available from: \n                  http:\/\/www.roughsets.org","key":"21_CR8"},{"unstructured":"Z. Suraj: Rough Set Database System, online available from: \n                  http:\/\/www.rsds.univ.rzeszow.pl","key":"21_CR9"},{"key":"21_CR10","series-title":"Cambridge Studies in Philosophy","volume-title":"Theories of Vagueness","author":"R. Keefe","year":"2000","unstructured":"R. Keefe: Theories of Vagueness, Cambridge Studies in Philosophy (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 2000)"},{"key":"21_CR11","volume-title":"Thinking about Logic: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Logic","author":"S. Read","year":"1994","unstructured":"S. Read: Thinking about Logic: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Logic (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford 1994)"},{"key":"21_CR12","volume-title":"Grundgesetze der Arithmetik","author":"G. Frege","year":"1903","unstructured":"G. Frege: Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, Vol. 2 (Verlag von Hermann Pohle, Jena 1903)"},{"key":"21_CR13","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Philosophical Essays (1686)","author":"G.W. Leibniz","year":"1989","unstructured":"G.W. Leibniz: Discourse on Metaphysics. In: Philosophical Essays (1686), ed. by R. Ariew, D. Garber (Hackett, Indianapolis 1989) pp. 35\u201368"},{"key":"21_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21606-5","volume-title":"The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction","author":"T. Hastie","year":"2001","unstructured":"T. Hastie, R. Tibshirani, J.H. Friedman: The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2001)"},{"key":"21_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-1098(78)90005-5","volume":"14","author":"J. Rissanen","year":"1978","unstructured":"J. Rissanen: Modeling by shortes data description, Automatica 14, 465\u2013471 (1978)","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"21_CR16","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Jan \u0141ukasiewicz\u00a0\u2013 Selected Works","author":"J. \u0141ukasiewicz","year":"1970","unstructured":"J. \u0141ukasiewicz: Die logischen Grundlagen der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. In: Jan \u0141ukasiewicz\u00a0\u2013 Selected Works, ed. by L. Borkowski (North Holland\/Polish Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Warsaw 1970) pp. 16\u201363"},{"key":"21_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511895968","volume-title":"Information Flow: The Logic of Distributed Systems","author":"J. Barwise","year":"1997","unstructured":"J. Barwise, J. Seligman: Information Flow: The Logic of Distributed Systems (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 1997)"},{"key":"21_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","volume":"8","author":"L.A. Zadeh","year":"1965","unstructured":"L.A. Zadeh: Fuzzy sets, Inform. Control 8, 338\u2013353 (1965)","journal-title":"Inform. Control"},{"key":"21_CR19","volume-title":"The Mathematical Analysis of Logic","author":"G. Boole","year":"1847","unstructured":"G. Boole: The Mathematical Analysis of Logic (G.\u00a0Bell, London 1847), Reprinted by Philosophical Library, New York 1948"},{"key":"21_CR20","volume-title":"An Investigation of the Laws of Thought","author":"G. Boole","year":"1954","unstructured":"G. Boole: An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (Walton, London 1954)"},{"key":"21_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2078-5","volume-title":"Boolean Reasoning","author":"F.M. Brown","year":"1990","unstructured":"F.M. Brown: Boolean Reasoning (Kluwer, Dordrecht 1990)"},{"unstructured":"D. Slezak: Infobright, online available from: \n                  http:\/\/www.infobright.com\/","key":"21_CR22"},{"key":"21_CR23","volume-title":"Statistical Learning Theory","author":"V. Vapnik","year":"1998","unstructured":"V. Vapnik: Statistical Learning Theory (Wiley, New York 1998)"},{"key":"21_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(83)90016-4","volume":"20","author":"R.S. Michalski","year":"1983","unstructured":"R.S. Michalski: A theory and methodology of inductive learning, Artif. Intell. 20, 111\u2013161 (1983)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"21_CR25","volume-title":"Rough-Granular Computing in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","author":"J. Stepaniuk","year":"2008","unstructured":"J. Stepaniuk: Rough-Granular Computing in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2008)"},{"key":"21_CR26","series-title":"Intelligent Systems Reference Library","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22279-5","volume-title":"Approximate Reasoning by Parts. An Introduction to Rough Mereology","author":"L. Polkowski","year":"2011","unstructured":"L. Polkowski: Approximate Reasoning by Parts. An Introduction to Rough Mereology, Intelligent Systems Reference Library, Vol. 20 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2011)"},{"key":"21_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4064\/fm-14-1-1-81","volume":"14","author":"S. Le\u015bniewski","year":"1929","unstructured":"S. Le\u015bniewski: Grungz\u00fcge eines neuen Systems der Grundlagen der Mathematik, Fundam. Math. 14, 1\u201381 (1929)","journal-title":"Fundam. Math."},{"issue":"3","key":"21_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1009213726","volume":"16","author":"L. Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"L. Breiman: Statistical modeling: The two cultures, Stat. Sci. 16(3), 199\u2013231 (2001)","journal-title":"Stat. Sci."},{"key":"21_CR29","series-title":"International Handbooks on Information Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24750-0","volume-title":"Handbook on Ontologies","author":"S. Staab","year":"2004","unstructured":"S. Staab, R. Studer: Handbook on Ontologies, International Handbooks on Information Systems (Springer, Berlin 2004)"},{"key":"21_CR30","series-title":"Cognitive Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-18859-6","volume-title":"Rough-Neural Computing: Techniques for Computing with Words","author":"S.K. Pal","year":"2004","unstructured":"S.K. Pal, L. Polkowski, A. Skowron: Rough-Neural Computing: Techniques for Computing with Words, Cognitive Technologies (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2004)"},{"volume-title":"Handbook of Granular Computing","year":"2008","unstructured":"W. Pedrycz, S. Skowron, V. Kreinovich (Eds.): Handbook of Granular Computing (Wiley, Hoboken 2008)","key":"21_CR31"},{"key":"21_CR32","volume-title":"Practical Issues of Complex Systems Engineering: Wisdom Technology Approach","author":"A. Jankowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"A. Jankowski: Practical Issues of Complex Systems Engineering: Wisdom Technology Approach (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2015), in preparation"},{"key":"21_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-34874-3","volume-title":"Interactive Computation: The New Paradigm","author":"D. Goldin","year":"2006","unstructured":"D. Goldin, S. Smolka, P. Wegner: Interactive Computation: The New Paradigm (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2006)"},{"key":"21_CR34","first-page":"178","volume":"48","author":"Z. Pawlak","year":"1992","unstructured":"Z. Pawlak: Concurrent versus sequential\u00a0\u2013 the rough sets perspective, Bulletin EATCS 48, 178\u2013190 (1992)","journal-title":"Bulletin EATCS"},{"key":"21_CR35","series-title":"Advances in Soft Computing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7908-1776-8","volume-title":"Rough Sets: Mathematical Foundations","author":"L. Polkowski","year":"2002","unstructured":"L. Polkowski: Rough Sets: Mathematical Foundations, Advances in Soft Computing (Physica, Berlin, Heidelberg 2002)"},{"key":"21_CR36","volume-title":"A Geometry of Approximation: Rough Set Theory\u00a0\u2013 Logic, Algebra and Topology of Conceptual Patterns","author":"M. Chakraborty","year":"2008","unstructured":"M. Chakraborty, P. Pagliani: A Geometry of Approximation: Rough Set Theory\u00a0\u2013 Logic, Algebra and Topology of Conceptual Patterns (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2008)"},{"key":"21_CR37","series-title":"Handbook of the History of Logic","volume-title":"Inductive Logic","year":"2011","unstructured":"D.M. Gabbay, S. Hartmann, J. Woods (Eds.): Inductive Logic, Handbook of the History of Logic, Vol. 10 (Elsevier, Amsterdam 2011)"},{"unstructured":"J. Swift: Gulliver's Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World (anonymous publisher, London 1726)","key":"21_CR38"},{"key":"21_CR39","series-title":"Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming","volume-title":"Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning","author":"D.M. Gabbay","year":"1994","unstructured":"D.M. Gabbay, C.J. Hogger, J.A. Robinson: Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning, Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, Vol. 3 (Clarendon, Oxford 1994)"},{"issue":"5\/6","key":"21_CR40","first-page":"253","volume":"35","author":"Z. Pawlak","year":"1987","unstructured":"Z. Pawlak: Rough logic, Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech. 35(5\/6), 253\u2013258 (1987)","journal-title":"Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech."},{"key":"21_CR41","series-title":"Studies in Fizziness and Soft Computing","volume-title":"Knowledge Engineering: A Rough Set Approach","author":"P. Doherty","year":"2006","unstructured":"P. Doherty, W. \u0141ukaszewicz, A. Skowron, A. Sza\u0142as: Knowledge Engineering: A Rough Set Approach, Studies in Fizziness and Soft Computing, Vol. 202 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2006)"},{"key":"21_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(97)10072-X","volume":"109","author":"Z. Pawlak","year":"1998","unstructured":"Z. Pawlak: An inquiry into anatomy of conflicts, Inform. Sci. 109, 65\u201378 (1998)","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"key":"21_CR43","series-title":"Studies in Computational Intelligence","volume-title":"Partial Covers, Reducts and Decision Rules in Rough Sets\u00a0\u2013 Theory and Applications","author":"M.J. Moshkov","year":"2008","unstructured":"M.J. Moshkov, M. Piliszczuk, B. Zielosko: Partial Covers, Reducts and Decision Rules in Rough Sets\u00a0\u2013 Theory and Applications, Studies in Computational Intelligence, Vol. 145 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2008)"},{"key":"21_CR44","series-title":"Studies in Computational Intelligence","volume-title":"Inhibitory Rules in Data Analysis: A Rough Set Approach","author":"P. Delimata","year":"2009","unstructured":"P. Delimata, M.J. Moshkov, A. Skowron, Z. Suraj: Inhibitory Rules in Data Analysis: A Rough Set Approach, Studies in Computational Intelligence, Vol. 163 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2009)"},{"unstructured":"Web page of Professor Leslie Valiant, online available from: \n                  http:\/\/people.seas.harvard.edu\/~valiant\/researchinterests.htm","key":"21_CR45"},{"key":"21_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1109\/81.739259","volume":"45","author":"L.A. Zadeh","year":"1999","unstructured":"L.A. Zadeh: From computing with numbers to computing with words\u00a0\u2013 From manipulation of measurements to manipulation of perceptions, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 45, 105\u2013119 (1999)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"21_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1214\/09-SS057","volume":"3","author":"J. Pearl","year":"2009","unstructured":"J. Pearl: Causal inference in statistics: An overview, Stat. Surv. 3, 96\u2013146 (2009)","journal-title":"Stat. Surv."},{"key":"21_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1257\/000282803322655392","volume":"93","author":"D. Kahneman","year":"2002","unstructured":"D. Kahneman: Maps of Bounded Rationality: Psychology for behavioral economics, Am. Econ. Rev. 93, 1449\u20131475 (2002)","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"21_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-71200-8_7","volume":"4374","author":"A. Jankowski","year":"2007","unstructured":"A. Jankowski, A. Skowron: A wistech paradigm for intelligent systems, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 4374, 94\u2013132 (2007)","journal-title":"Lect. Notes Comput. Sci."},{"key":"21_CR50","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Andrzej Mostowski and Foundational Studies","author":"A. Jankowski","year":"2008","unstructured":"A. Jankowski, A. Skowron: Logic for artificial intelligence: The Rasiowa\u2013Pawlak school perspective. In: Andrzej Mostowski and Foundational Studies, ed. by A. Ehrenfeucht, V. Marek, M. Srebrny (IOS, Amsterdam 2008) pp. 106\u2013143"}],"container-title":["Springer Handbook of Computational Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-662-43505-2_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T02:42:44Z","timestamp":1559184164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-662-43505-2_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"ISBN":["9783662435045","9783662435052"],"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-43505-2_21","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}