{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T04:04:34Z","timestamp":1746331474618,"version":"3.40.4"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783662436158"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783662436165"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-43616-5_14","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]],"date-time":"2014-06-26T08:04:57Z","timestamp":1403769897000},"page":"349-382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Electrocardiogram (ECG): A New Burgeoning Utility for Biometric Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Manal","family":"Tantawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Revett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdel-Badeeh","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Fahmy","family":"Tolba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Revett, K.: Behavioral Biometrics: A Remote Access Approach. Wiley, ISBN: 978-0-470-51883-0 (2008)","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470997949"},{"key":"14_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Agrafioti, F., Hatzinakos, D., Plataniotis, K.: Analysis of human electrocardiogram for hiometric recognition. EURASIP J. Adv. Sig. Process. Article ID 148658 (2008). doi:10.1155\/2008\/148658","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/148658"},{"key":"14_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrafioti, F., Gao J., Hatzinakos, D.: Heart Biometrics: Theory, methods and applications. In: Yang, J. (eds.) Biometrics: Book 3, pp. 199\u2013216. IntechOpen (2011)","DOI":"10.5772\/18113"},{"key":"14_CR4","volume-title":"Machine Learning","author":"T Mitchel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mitchel, T.: Machine Learning, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York (1997)","edition":"2"},{"key":"14_CR5","unstructured":"Oeff, M., Koch, H., Bousseljot, R., Kreiseler, D.: The PTB Diagnostic ECG Database (National Metrology Institute of Germany). http:\/\/www.physionet.org\/physiobank\/database\/ptbdb\/. Accessed 22 Sept 2013"},{"key":"14_CR6","unstructured":"The MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm Database: http:\/\/www.physionet.org\/physiobank\/database\/nsrdb\/. Accessed 22 Sept 2013"},{"key":"14_CR7","unstructured":"The MIT-BIH Long Term Database: http:\/\/www.physionet.org\/physiobank\/database\/ltdb\/. Accessed 22 Sept 2013"},{"key":"14_CR8","unstructured":"The Fantasia Database: http:\/\/www.physionet.org\/physiobank\/database\/fantasia\/. Accessed 22 Sept 2013"},{"key":"14_CR9","unstructured":"Cherry, E., Fenton, F.: Heart Structure, Function and Arrhythmias. Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, http:\/\/thevirtualheart.org\/3dpdf\/Heart_3d.pdf"},{"key":"14_CR10","unstructured":"$${\\ddot{\\text{ S }}}$$ornmo, L., Laguna, P.: Bioelectrical Signal Processing in Cardiac and Neurological Applications. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2005)"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2004.05.014","volume":"38","author":"SA Israel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Israel, S.A., Irvine, J.M., Cheng, A., Wiederhold, M.D., Wiederhold, K.: ECG to identify individuals. Pattern Recogn. 38(1), 133\u2013142 (2005)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn."},{"issue":"7","key":"14_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90654-8","volume":"23","author":"J Karjalainen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Karjalainen, J., Viitasalo, M., M\u00e4ntt\u00e4ri, M., Manninen, V.: Relation between QT intervals and heart rates from 40 to 120 beats\/min in rest electrocardiograms of men and a simple method to adjust QT interval values. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 23(7), 1547\u20131553 (1994)","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"14_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrafioti, F., Hatzinakos, D.: ECG Biometric Analysis in Cardiac Irregularity Conditions, Signal, Image and Video Processing, pp. 1863\u20131703. Springer (2008)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-008-0073-4"},{"key":"14_CR14","unstructured":"Forsen, G., Nelson, M., Staron, R.: Personal attributes authentication techniques. In: Griffin, A.F.B. (ed.) RADC Report RADC-TR-77-1033 (1977)"},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1109\/19.930458","volume":"50","author":"L Biel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Biel, L., Petersson, O., Philipson, L.P., Wide, P.: ECG Analysis: a new approach in human identification. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 50(3), 808\u2013812 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"14_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyoso, M., Uchiyama, A.: Development of an ECG identification system. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering Medicine and Biology, vol. 4, pp. 3721\u20133723 (2001)","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2001.1019645"},{"key":"14_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palaniappan, R., Krishnan, S.M.: Identifying individuals using ECG beats. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications (SPCOM\u201904), pp. 569\u2013572. Bangalore, India (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/SPCOM.2004.1458524"},{"key":"14_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, Y.N., Gupta, P.: Biometrics method for human identification using electrocardiogram. In: Tistarelli, M., Nixon, M.S. (eds.) ICB 2009, pp. 1270\u20131279. LNCS 5558 (2009)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01793-3_128"},{"key":"14_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Wei, D.: A new ECG identification method using bayes\u2019 teorem. In: TENCON 2006, IEEE Region 10 Conference, pp. 1\u20134 (2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/TENCON.2006.344146"},{"key":"14_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gahi, Y., Lamrani, A., Zoglat, A., Guennoun, M., Kapralos, B., El-Khatib, K.: Biometric Identification System Based on Electrocardiogram Data, New Technologies, Mobility and Security NTMS\u201908, pp. 1\u20135 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/NTMS.2008.ECP.29"},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR21","first-page":"241","volume":"32","author":"S Singla","year":"2010","unstructured":"Singla, S., Sharma, A.: ECG based biometrics verification system using LabVIEW. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. 32(3), 241\u2013246 (2010)","journal-title":"Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"14_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tantawi, M., Revett, K., Tolba, M.F., Salem, A.: On the applicability of the physionet electro-cardiogram (ECG) repository as a source of test cases for ECG based biometrics. Internat. J. Cogn. Biometrics 1(1), 66\u201397 (2012)","DOI":"10.1504\/IJCB.2012.046515"},{"key":"14_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tantawi, M., Revett, K., Tolba, M.F., Salem, A.: Fiducial feature reduction analysis for electrocardiogram (ECG) based biometric recognition. internat. J. Intell. Inf. Sys. Springer, 40(1) 17\u201339 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10844-012-0214-7"},{"key":"14_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tantawi, M., Revett, K., Tolba, M.F.,Salem, A.: A novel feature set for deployment in ECG based biometrics. In: Proceeding of the 8$${\\rm {th}}$$ (IEEE) Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems (ICCES), pp. 186\u2013191 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCES.2012.6408509"},{"key":"14_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venkatesh, N., Jayaraman, S.: Human electrocardiogram for biometrics using DTW and FLDA. In: 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 3838\u20133841 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2010.935"},{"key":"14_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u00fcbbeler, G., Stavridis, M., Kreiseler, D., Bousseljot, R., Elster, C.: Verification of humans using the electrocardiogram. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 28(10), 1172\u20131175 (2007)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2007.01.014"},{"key":"14_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mai, V., Khalil, I., Meli, C.: ECG biometric using multilayer perceptron and radial basis function neural networks. In: 33$${\\rm {rd}}$$ Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, pp. 2745\u20132748. Boston, USA (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2011.6090752"},{"key":"14_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, A., Hamdy, M., Badre, A., Badee, V.: Person identification using electrocardiograms. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Measur. 57(2), 248\u2013253 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2007.909996"},{"key":"14_CR29","unstructured":"Wan, Y., Yao, J.: A neural network to identify human subjects with electrocardiogram signals. in: Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science. San Francisco, USA (2008). doi:10.1.1.148.5220"},{"key":"14_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiu, C., Chuang, C., Hsu, C.: A novel personal identity verification approach using a discrete wavelet transform of the ECG signal. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering (MUE\u201908), pp. 201\u2013206. Washington, DC, USA (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/MUE.2008.67"},{"key":"14_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fatemian, S., Hatzinakos, D.: A new ECG feature extractor for biometric recognition. In: Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Digital Signal Processing, pp. 323\u2013328. IEEE Press Piscataway, NJ, USA (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDSP.2009.5201143"},{"key":"14_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belgacem, N., Ali, A., Fournier, R., Bereksi-Reguig, F.: ECG based human authentication using wavelets and random forests. Internat. J. Crypt. Inf. Secur. 2(2), 1\u201311 (2012)","DOI":"10.5121\/ijcis.2012.2201"},{"key":"14_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"2005","author":"S Saechia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saechia, S., Koseeyaporn, J., Wardkein, P.: Human identification system based ECG signal. TENCON 2005, 1\u20134 (2005)","journal-title":"TENCON"},{"key":"14_CR34","unstructured":"Molina, G., Bruekers, F., Presura, C., Damstra, M., van der Veen, M.: Morphological synthesis of ECG signals for person authentication. In: Proceedings of the 15th European Signal Procesing Conference, pp. 738\u2013742 (2007)"},{"key":"14_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sufi, F., Khalil, I., Habib, I.: Polynomial distance measurement for ECG based biometric authentication. Secur. Commun. Netw. (Wiley Interscience) (2008). doi:10.1002\/sec.76","DOI":"10.1002\/sec.76"},{"key":"14_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ting, C., Salleh, S.: ECG based personal identification using extended kalman filter. In: 10th International Conference on Information Sciences Signal Processing and their Applications, pp. 774\u2013777 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSPA.2010.5605516"},{"key":"14_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coutinho, D., Fred, A., Figueiredo, M.: One-lead ECG-based personal identification using Ziv-Merhav cross parsing. In: 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 3858\u20133861 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2010.940"},{"key":"14_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghofrani, N., Bostani, R.: Reliable features for an ECG-based biometric system. In: 17th Iranian Conference of Biomedical Engineering, pp. 1\u20135 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBME.2010.5704918"},{"key":"14_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, M., Narayanan, S.: Robust ECG biometrics by fusing temporal and cepstral information. In: 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 1326\u20131329 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2010.330"},{"key":"14_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plataniotis, K., Hatzinakos, D., Lee, J.K.M.; ECG biometric recognition without fiducial detection. In: Proceedings of Biometrics Symposiums (BSYM\u201906), Baltimore, Md, USA (2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/BCC.2006.4341628"},{"key":"14_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrafioti, F., Hatzinakos, D.: ECG based recognition using second order statistics. In: Sixth Annual Conference on Communication Networks and Services Research (CNSR), Halifax, Canada, 5\u20138 May 2008","DOI":"10.1109\/CNSR.2008.38"},{"key":"14_CR42","unstructured":"Wao, J., Wan, Y.: Improving computing efficiency of a wavelet method using ECG as a biometric modality. Int. J. Comput. Netw. Secur. 2(1), 15\u201320 (2010)"},{"key":"14_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Odinaka, I., Lai, P., Kaplan, A., O\u2019Sullivan, J., Sirevaag, E., Kristjansson, S., Sheffield, A., Rohrbaugh, J.: Ecg biometrics: A robust short-time frequency analysis. IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security, pp. 1\u20136 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/WIFS.2010.5711466"},{"key":"14_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tawfik, M., Selim, H., Kamal, T.: Human identification using time normalized QT signal and the QRS complex of the ECG. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Communication Systems Networks and Digital Signal Processing, CSNDSP (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/CSNDSP16145.2010.5580317"},{"key":"14_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, T.W., Tompkins, W.J., Hu, Y.H.: One-lead ECG for identity verification. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Joint EMBS\/BMES Conference, pp. 62\u201363 (2002)","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2002.1134388"},{"key":"14_CR46","unstructured":"Shen, T.W.: Biometric identity verification based on electrocardiogram (ECG). Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison (2005)"},{"key":"14_CR47","unstructured":"Haykin, S.: Neural Networks: A Comprehansive Foundation, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (1999)"},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1985.325532","volume":"33","author":"J Pan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pan, J., Tompkins, W.: A real time QRS detection algorithm. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 33(3), 230\u2013236 (1985)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"14_CR49","unstructured":"Misiti, M., Misiti, Y., Oppenheim, G., Poggi, J.: Wavelet Toolbox 4 User Guide, 4.1 edn. The MathWorks Inc. (2007)"},{"issue":"5","key":"14_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1080\/00207179608921659","volume":"64","author":"S Chen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chen, S., Chng, E.: Regularized orthogonal least squares algorithm for constructing radial basis function networks. Internat. J. Control 64(5), 829\u2013837 (1996)","journal-title":"Internat. J. Control"}],"container-title":["Intelligent Systems Reference Library","Bio-inspiring Cyber Security and Cloud Services: Trends and Innovations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-662-43616-5_14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T13:26:00Z","timestamp":1746278760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-662-43616-5_14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"ISBN":["9783662436158","9783662436165"],"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-43616-5_14","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-4394","1868-4408"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1868-4394"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1868-4408"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 June 2014","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}