{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:34:55Z","timestamp":1767339295563,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783662588192"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783662588208"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-58820-8_3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T14:59:45Z","timestamp":1552057185000},"page":"31-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A Wild Velvet Fork Appears! Inclusive Blockchain Protocol Changes in Practice"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Zamyatin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Stifter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Judmayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Weippl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. J.","family":"Knottenbelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","unstructured":"Counterparty. \nhttps:\/\/counterparty.io\/\n\n. Accessed 11 Apr 2017"},{"key":"3_CR2","unstructured":"Omni layer. \nhttp:\/\/www.omnilayer.org\/\n\n. Accessed 11 Apr 2017"},{"key":"3_CR3","unstructured":"P2Pool. \nhttp:\/\/p2pool.org\/\n\n. Accessed 10 May 2017"},{"key":"3_CR4","unstructured":"UASF. \nhttps:\/\/github.com\/OPUASF\/UASF\n\n. Accessed 11 Apr 2017"},{"key":"3_CR5","unstructured":"Androulaki, E., Capkun, S., Karame, G.O.: Two bitcoins at the price of one? Double-spending attacks on fast payments in bitcoin. In: CCS (2012)"},{"key":"3_CR6","unstructured":"Bitcoin Community: Bitcoin wiki. \nhttps:\/\/bitcoin.it\/\n\n. Accessed 30 June 2015"},{"key":"3_CR7","unstructured":"Bitcoin Wiki: Merged mining specification. \nhttps:\/\/en.bitcoin.it\/wiki\/Merged_mining_specification\n\n. Accessed 10 May 2017"},{"key":"3_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonneau, J., Miller, A., Clark, J., Narayanan, A., Kroll, J.A., Felten, E.W.: SoK: research perspectives and challenges for bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. In: IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2015.14"},{"key":"3_CR9","unstructured":"Buterin, V.: Hard forks, soft forks, defaults and coercion (2017). \nhttp:\/\/vitalik.ca\/general\/2017\/03\/14\/forks_and_markets.html\n\n. Accessed 11 Apr 2017"},{"key":"3_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlsten, M., Kalodner, H., Weinberg, S.M., Narayanan, A.: On the instability of bitcoin without the block reward. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 154\u2013167. ACM (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978408"},{"key":"3_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1145\/226643.226647","volume":"43","author":"TD Chandra","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chandra, T.D., Toueg, S.: Unreliable failure detectors for reliable distributed systems. J. ACM (JACM) 43, 225\u2013267 (1996)","journal-title":"J. ACM (JACM)"},{"key":"3_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duong, T., Chepurnoy, A., Fan, L., Zhou, H.-S.: TwinsCoin: a cryptocurrency via proof-of-work and proof-of-stake. In: Proceedings of the 2Nd ACM Workshop on Blockchains, Cryptocurrencies, and Contracts, BCC 2018, Incheon, Republic of Korea, pp. 1\u201313. ACM, New York (2018). ISBN 978-1-4503-5758-6. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3205230.3205233","DOI":"10.1145\/3205230.3205233"},{"key":"3_CR13","unstructured":"Bitcoin Community: Bitcoin developer guide-transaction data. \nhttps:\/\/bitcoin.org\/en\/developer-guide#transaction-data\n\n. Accessed 11 Apr 2017"},{"key":"3_CR14","unstructured":"Eyal, I., Gencer, A.E., Sirer, E.G., van Renesse, R.: Bitcoin-NG: a scalable blockchain protocol. In: 13th USENIX Security Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 2016). USENIX Association, March 2016"},{"key":"3_CR15","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45472-5_28","volume-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security","author":"I Eyal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eyal, I., Sirer, E.G.: Majority is not enough: bitcoin mining is vulnerable. In: Christin, N., Safavi-Naini, R. (eds.) FC 2014. LNCS, vol. 8437, pp. 436\u2013454. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-45472-5_28"},{"key":"3_CR16","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46803-6_10","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology - EUROCRYPT 2015","author":"J Garay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garay, J., Kiayias, A., Leonardos, N.: The bitcoin backbone protocol: analysis and applications. In: Oswald, E., Fischlin, M. (eds.) EUROCRYPT 2015. LNCS, vol. 9057, pp. 281\u2013310. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-46803-6_10"},{"key":"3_CR17","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70972-7_22","volume-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security","author":"AE Gencer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gencer, A.E., van Renesse, R., Sirer, E.G.: Short paper: service-oriented sharding for blockchains. In: Kiayias, A. (ed.) FC 2017. LNCS, vol. 10322, pp. 393\u2013401. Springer, Cham (2017). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-70972-7_22"},{"key":"3_CR18","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45741-3_11","volume-title":"Computer Security \u2013 ESORICS 2016","author":"I Giechaskiel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giechaskiel, I., Cremers, C., Rasmussen, K.B.: On bitcoin security in the presence of broken cryptographic primitives. In: Askoxylakis, I., Ioannidis, S., Katsikas, S., Meadows, C. (eds.) ESORICS 2016. LNCS, vol. 9879, pp. 201\u2013222. Springer, Cham (2016). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-45741-3_11"},{"key":"3_CR19","unstructured":"Jeffrey, C., Poon, J., Indutny, F., Pair, S.: Extension blocks (draft) (2017). \nhttps:\/\/github.com\/tothemoon-org\/extension-blocks\/blob\/master\/spec.md\n\n. Accessed 11 Apr 2017"},{"key":"3_CR20","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67816-0_18","volume-title":"Data Privacy Management, Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain Technology","author":"A Judmayer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Judmayer, A., Zamyatin, A., Stifter, N., Voyiatzis, A.G., Weippl, E.: Merged mining: curse or cure? In: Garcia-Alfaro, J., Navarro-Arribas, G., Hartenstein, H., Herrera-Joancomart\u00ed, J. (eds.) ESORICS\/DPM\/CBT -2017. LNCS, vol. 10436, pp. 316\u2013333. Springer, Cham (2017). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-67816-0_18"},{"key":"3_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1145\/2732196","volume":"18","author":"GO Karame","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karame, G.O., Androulaki, E., Roeschlin, M., Gervais, A., \u010capkun, S.: Misbehavior in bitcoin: a study of double-spending and accountability. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur. (TISSEC) 18, 2 (2015)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur. (TISSEC)"},{"key":"3_CR22","unstructured":"Kiayias, A., Miller, A., Zindros, D.: Non-interactive proofs of proof-of-work. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2017\/963 (2017). \nhttps:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2017\/963.pdf\n\n. Accessed 03 Oct 2017"},{"key":"3_CR23","unstructured":"Lau, J.: [bitcoin-dev] Extension block softfork proposal (2017). \nhttps:\/\/lists.linuxfoundation.org\/pipermail\/bitcoin-dev\/2017-January\/013490.html\n\n. Accessed 11 Apr 2017"},{"key":"3_CR24","unstructured":"Lombrozo, E., Lau, J., Wuille, P.: BIP141: segregated witness (consensus layer) (2012). \nhttps:\/\/github.com\/bitcoin\/bips\/blob\/master\/bip-0141.mediawiki\n\n. Accessed 10 May 2017"},{"key":"3_CR25","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67816-0_19","volume-title":"Data Privacy Management, Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain Technology","author":"P McCorry","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCorry, P., Heilman, E., Miller, A.: Atomically trading with Roger: gambling on the success of a hardfork. In: Garcia-Alfaro, J., Navarro-Arribas, G., Hartenstein, H., Herrera-Joancomart\u00ed, J. (eds.) ESORICS\/DPM\/CBT -2017. LNCS, vol. 10436, pp. 334\u2013353. Springer, Cham (2017). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-67816-0_19"},{"key":"3_CR26","unstructured":"Nakamoto, S.: Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system (2008). \nhttps:\/\/bitcoin.org\/bitcoin.pdf\n\n. Accessed 01 July 2015"},{"key":"3_CR27","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-56614-6_22","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2017","author":"R Pass","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pass, R., Seeman, L., Shelat, A.: Analysis of the blockchain protocol in asynchronous networks. In: Coron, J.-S., Nielsen, J.B. (eds.) EUROCRYPT 2017. LNCS, vol. 10211, pp. 643\u2013673. Springer, Cham (2017). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-56614-6_22"},{"key":"3_CR28","unstructured":"Pseudonymous (\u201cTierNolan\u201d): Decoupling transactions and POW (2013). \nhttps:\/\/bitcointalk.org\/index.php?topic=179598.0\n\n. Accessed 10 May 2017"},{"key":"3_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.5195\/ledger.2016.40","volume":"1","author":"PR Rizun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rizun, P.R.: Subchains: a technique to scale bitcoin and improve the user experience. Ledger 1, 38\u201352 (2016)","journal-title":"Ledger"},{"key":"3_CR30","unstructured":"Rosenfeld, M.: Overview of colored coins (2012). \nhttps:\/\/bitcoil.co.il\/BitcoinX.pdf\n\n. Accessed 09 Mar 2016"},{"key":"3_CR31","unstructured":"Rosenfeld, M.: Analysis of hashrate-based double spending (2014). \nhttp:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1402.2009\n\n. Accessed 09 Mar 2016"},{"key":"3_CR32","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-54970-4_30","volume-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security","author":"A Sapirshtein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sapirshtein, A., Sompolinsky, Y., Zohar, A.: Optimal selfish mining strategies in bitcoin. In: Grossklags, J., Preneel, B. (eds.) FC 2016. LNCS, vol. 9603, pp. 515\u2013532. Springer, Heidelberg (2017). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-54970-4_30"},{"key":"3_CR33","unstructured":"Sompolinsky, Y., Zohar, A.: Bitcoin\u2019s security model revisited (2016). \nhttp:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1605.09193\n\n. Accessed 04 July 2016"},{"key":"3_CR34","unstructured":"Stone, A.: Bip152: compact block relay (2015). \nhttps:\/\/github.com\/BitcoinUnlimited\/BUIP\/blob\/master\/001.mediawiki\n\n. Accessed 01 Dec 2018"},{"key":"3_CR35","unstructured":"Swanson, T.: Consensus-as-a-service: a brief report on the emergence of permissioned, distributed ledger systems (2015). \nhttp:\/\/www.ofnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Permissioned-distributed-ledgers.pdf\n\n. Accessed 03 Oct 2017"},{"key":"3_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Preneel, B.: On the necessity of a prescribed block validity consensus: analyzing bitcoin unlimited mining protocol. In: International Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies-CoNEXT 2017. ACM (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3143361.3143389"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Financial Cryptography and Data Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-662-58820-8_3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T06:04:05Z","timestamp":1604556245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-662-58820-8_3"}},"subtitle":["(Short Paper)"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"ISBN":["9783662588192","9783662588208"],"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-58820-8_3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 February 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"FC","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Nieuwpoort","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Cura\u00e7ao","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2018","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26 February 2018","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2 March 2018","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"fc2018","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/fc18.ifca.ai\/index.html","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"HotCRP","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"110","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"27","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"2","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"25% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3,27","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3,27","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}