{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T01:46:22Z","timestamp":1776476782548,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"Dordrecht","reference-count":115,"publisher":"Springer Netherlands","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789400721982","type":"print"},{"value":"9789400721999","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2199-9_11","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,24]],"date-time":"2011-11-24T15:24:30Z","timestamp":1322148270000},"page":"199-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Thiamin(e): The Spark of Life"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Derrick","family":"Lonsdale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"11_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(94)90017-5","volume":"124","author":"B Adamolekum","year":"1994","unstructured":"Adamolekum B, Ndububa DA (1994) Epidemiology and clinical presentation of a seasonal ataxia in Western Nigeria. J neurol Sci 124(1):95\u201398","journal-title":"J neurol Sci"},{"key":"11_CR2","unstructured":"Bannister R (ed) (1984) Autonomic failure: a textbook of clinical disorders of the autonomic nervous system, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press"},{"key":"11_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker JN, Jordan F (1982) Phrenic thiamin and neuropathy in sudden infant deaths. In: Sable HZ, Gubler CJ (eds) Thiamin: twenty years of progress. Ann N Y Acad Sci 378: 449\u2013452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1982.tb31219.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"11_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.470","volume":"20","author":"E Beltramo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Beltramo E, Berrone E, Buttiglieri S, Porta M (2004) Thiamine and benfotiamine prevent increased apoptaosis in endothelial cells and pericytes cultured in high glucose. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 20(4):330\u2013336","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"11_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1987.tb02891.x","volume":"49","author":"L Bettendorff","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bettendorff L, Michel-Cahay C, Grandfils C, DeRycker C, Schoffeniels E (1987) Thiamine triphosphate and membrane-associated thiamine phosphatases in the electric organ of Electophorus electricus. J Neurochem 49:495\u2013502","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"11_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00233667","volume":"136","author":"L Bettendorff","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bettendorff L, Kolb HA, Schoffeniels E (1993) Thiamine triphosphate activates anion channels of large unit conduction in neuroblastoma cells. J Membr Biol 136:281\u2013288","journal-title":"J Membr Biol"},{"key":"11_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90331-X","volume":"652","author":"L Bettendorff","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bettendorff L, Hennuy B, De Cherek A, Wins P (1994) Chloride permeability of rat brain vesicles correlates with thiamine trophosphate content. Brain Res 652:157\u2013160","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"11_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1962.tb30580.x","volume":"98","author":"C Bhuvaneswaran","year":"1962","unstructured":"Bhuvaneswaran C, Sreenivaran A (1962) Problems of thiamine deficiency states and their amelioration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 98:576\u2013601","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"11_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1159\/000177659","volume":"35","author":"R Bitsch","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bitsch R, Wolf M, Moller J et al (1991) Bioavailability assessment of the lipophilic benfotiamine as compared to a water-soluble thiamine derivative. Ann Nutr Metab 35:292\u2013296","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"11_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3109\/00207457209147644","volume":"4","author":"J Blass","year":"1972","unstructured":"Blass J (1972) Abnormalities in pyruvate dehydrogenase and neurologic function. Intern J Neruosci 4:65\u201369","journal-title":"Intern J Neruosci"},{"key":"11_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197712222972503","volume":"297","author":"JP Blass","year":"1977","unstructured":"Blass JP, Gibson GE (1977) Abnormality of a thiamine requiring enzyme in patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. N Engl J Med 297:1367\u20131370","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"11_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520320019008","volume":"45","author":"JP Blass","year":"1988","unstructured":"Blass JP, Gleason P, Brush D, DiPonte P, Thaler H (1988) Thiamine and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Arch Neurol 45:833\u2013835","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"11_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.26.507","volume":"26","author":"L Boni","year":"1980","unstructured":"Boni L, Kieckens L, Hendricx A (1980) An evaluation of a modified erythrocyte transketolase assay for assessing thiamine nutritional adequacy. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 26:507\u2013514","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci Vitaminol"},{"key":"11_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(64)80012-0","volume":"6","author":"M Brin","year":"1964","unstructured":"Brin M (1964) The antithiamine effects of amprolium in rats on tissue transketolase activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 6:454\u2013458","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"11_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)91690-X","volume":"ii","author":"JL Caddell","year":"1972","unstructured":"Caddell JL (1972) Magnesium deprivation in sudden unexpected infant death. Lancet ii258\u2013262","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"11_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00964146","volume":"4","author":"JR Cooper","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cooper JR, Pincus JH (1979) The role of thiamine in nervous tissue. Neurochem Res 4:223\u2013239","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"11_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1126\/science.164.3886.1390.a","volume":"164","author":"JR Cooper","year":"1969","unstructured":"Cooper JR, Itokawa Y, Pincus JH (1969) Thiamine triphosphate deficiency in subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy. Science 164:72\u201373","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"11_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197010082831506","volume":"283","author":"JR Cooper","year":"1970","unstructured":"Cooper JR, Pincus JH, Itokawa Y, Piros K (1970) Experiences with phosphoribosyl transferase inhibition in subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy. N Engl J Med 283:793\u2013795","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"11_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196701122760204","volume":"276","author":"J Dancis","year":"1967","unstructured":"Dancis J, Hutzler J, Rokkones T (1967) Intermittent branched chain ketonuria: Variant of maple-syrup-urine disease. New Engl J Med 276:84\u201389","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"11_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01738575","volume":"239","author":"W Djoenaidi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Djoenaidi W, Notermans SL (1990) Thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide in nutritional polyneuropathy. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 239:218\u2013220","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci"},{"key":"11_CR21","first-page":"227","volume":"46","author":"W Djoenaidi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Djoenaidi W, Notermans SL, Dunda G (1992) Beriberi caardiomyopathy Eur J Clin Nutr 46:227\u2013234","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"11_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1978.tb16336.x","volume":"67","author":"M Duran","year":"1978","unstructured":"Duran M, Tielens AGM, Wadman SK et al (1978) Effects of thiamine in a patient with a variant form of branched-chain ketoaciduria. Acta Paediatr Scand 67:367\u2013372","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"11_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08836.x","volume":"218","author":"T Dyckner","year":"1985","unstructured":"Dyckner T, Elk B, Nyhlin H, Wester PO (1985) Aggravation of thiamine deficiency by magnesium depletion. A case report. Acta Scand 218:129\u2013131","journal-title":"Acta Scand"},{"issue":"5273","key":"11_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/228772a0","volume":"228","author":"EE Edwin","year":"1970","unstructured":"Edwin EE, Jackman R (1970) Thiaminase I in the development of cerebrocortical necrosis in sheep and cattle. Nature 228(5273):772\u2013774","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"11_CR25","first-page":"59","volume":"7","author":"J Eisinger","year":"1994","unstructured":"Eisinger J, Bagneres D, Arroyo P, Plantamura A, Ayavou T (1994) Effect of magnesium, high energy phophates, piracetam and thiamin on erythrocyte transketolase. Magnes Res 7:59\u201361","journal-title":"Magnes Res"},{"key":"11_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.71.4.217","volume":"71","author":"I Elmadfa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Elmadfa I, Majchrzak D, Rust P, Genser D (2001) The thiamine status of adult humans depend on carbohydrate intake. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 71:217\u2013221","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"11_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elsas LJ, Danner DJ (1982) The role of thiamin in maple syrup urine disease. In: Sable LJ, Gubler CJ (eds) Thiamin: twenty years of progress. Ann N Y Acad Sci 378: 404\u2013420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1982.tb31214.x"},{"key":"11_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4374.590","volume":"2","author":"L Fehily","year":"1944","unstructured":"Fehily L (1944) Human milk intoxication due to B1 avitaminosis. Br Med J 2:590\u2013592","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"11_CR29","first-page":"449","volume":"37","author":"T Frank","year":"1999","unstructured":"Frank T, Bitsch R, Malwaki J, Stein G (1999) Alteration of thiamine phramacokinetics by end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 37:449\u2013455","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"11_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujita A (1954) Thiaminase. In: Nord FF (ed) Advances in enzymology, vol 15\u2014. Interscience Publishers, pp 389\u2013421","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470122600.ch9"},{"key":"11_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a130296","volume":"74","author":"T Fujita","year":"1973","unstructured":"Fujita T, Suzuoki Z (1973a) Enzymatic studies on the metabolism of the tetrahydrofurfuryl mercaptan moiety of thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide. I Microsomal S-transmethylase. J Biochem 74:717\u2013722","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"11_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a130298","volume":"74","author":"T Fujita","year":"1973","unstructured":"Fujita T, Suzuoki Z (1973b) Enzymatic studies on the metabolism of the tetrahydrofurfuryl mercaptan moiety of thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide. III Oxidative cleavage of the tetrahydrofuran moiety. J Biochem 74:733\u2013738","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"11_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a130297","volume":"74","author":"T Fujita","year":"1973","unstructured":"Fujita T, Suzuoki Z, Kozuka S (1973a) Enzymatic studies on the metabolism of the tetrahydrofurfuryl mercaptan moiety of thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide. II Sulfide and sulfoxide oxygenases in microsomes. J Biochem 74:723\u2013732","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"11_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a130299","volume":"74","author":"T Fujita","year":"1973","unstructured":"Fujita T, Teraoka A, Suzuoki Z (1973b) Enzymatic studies on the metabolism of the tetrahydrofurfuryl mercaptan moiety of thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide. IV Induction of microsomal S-transmethylase and sulfide and sulfoxide oxygenases in the drug-treated rat. J Biochem 74:739\u2013745","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"11_CR35","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Thiamine and Beriberi","author":"M Fujiwara","year":"1965","unstructured":"Fujiwara M (1965) Absorption, excretion and fate of thiamine and its derivatives in [the] human body. In: Shimazono N, Katsura E (eds) Thiamine and Beriberi. Igaku Shoin Ltd, Tokyo, pp 179\u2013213"},{"key":"11_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-003-1068-1","volume":"447","author":"V Ganapathy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ganapathy V, Smith SB, Prasad PD (2004) SLC19: the folate\/thiamine transporter family. Pflugers Arch 447:641\u2013646","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"11_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibson GE, Barclay L, Blass J (1982) The role of the cholinergic system in thiamin deficiency. In: Sable HZ, Gubler CJ (eds) Thiamin: twenty years of progress. Ann N Y Acad Sci 378: 382\u2013403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1982.tb31213.x"},{"key":"11_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(01)00120-6","volume":"40","author":"GE Gibson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gibson GE, Zhang H (2002) Interactions of oxidative stress with thiamine homeostasis promote neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 40:493\u2013504","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"11_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1159\/000413846","volume":"49","author":"GE Gray","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gray GE (1987) Crime and diet: Is there a relationship? Wld Rev Nutr Diet 49:66\u201386","journal-title":"Wld Rev Nutr Diet"},{"key":"11_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940203300410","volume":"33","author":"H Harada","year":"2002","unstructured":"Harada H, Rikimaru F, Mori T, Tanaka ME et al (2002) Electroencephalographic changes during intravenous olfactory stimulation in humans. Clin Electroencephalogr 33:189\u2013192","journal-title":"Clin Electroencephalogr"},{"key":"11_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP43071","volume":"43","author":"E Haupt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haupt E, Ledermann H, Kopcke W (2005) Benfotiamine in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy\u2014a three\u2013week randomized, controlled pilot study (BEDIP study) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;43:71\u201377. Erratum in: Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;43:304","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005"},{"key":"11_CR42","first-page":"77","volume":"86","author":"GI Henderson","year":"1975","unstructured":"Henderson GI, Schenker S (1975) Reversible impairment of cerebral DNA synthesis in thiamine deficiency. J Lab Clin Med 86:77\u201390","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"11_CR43","unstructured":"Inouye K, Katsura E (1965) Etiology and pathology of beriberi. In: Thiamine and Beriberi. Igaku Shoin Ltd., Tokyo, pp 1\u201328"},{"key":"11_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1969.tb08238.x","volume":"21","author":"H Iwata","year":"1969","unstructured":"Iwata H, Nishikawa T, Fujimoto S (1969a) Monoamine oxidase activities in tissues of thiamine-deficient rats. J Pharm Pharmac 21:237\u2013240","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmac"},{"key":"11_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(69)90201-5","volume":"6","author":"H Iwata","year":"1969","unstructured":"Iwata H, Watanabe K, Nishikawa T, Ohashi M (1969b) Effects of drugs on behavior, heart rate and catecholamine levels in thiamine-deficient rats. Eur J Pharmacol 6:83\u201389","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"11_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00964535","volume":"10","author":"H Iwata","year":"1985","unstructured":"Iwata H, Yabushita Y, Doi T, Matsuda T (1985) Synthesis of thiamine triphosphate in rat brain in vivo. Neurochem Res 10:779\u2013787","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"11_CR47","first-page":"1390","volume":"29","author":"BCT Jansen","year":"1926","unstructured":"Jansen BCT, Donath WF (1926) On the isolation of the anti-beriberi vitamin. Proc I Acad Wei Amsterdam 29:1390","journal-title":"Proc I Acad Wei Amsterdam"},{"key":"11_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1985.tb00643.x","volume":"25","author":"HE Jeffrey","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jeffrey HE, McCleary BV, Hensley WJ, Read DJC (1985) Thiamine deficiency- a neglected problem of infants and mothers- possible relationship to sudden infant death syndrome. Aust NZ J Obst Gynaecol 25:198\u2013202","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Obst Gynaecol"},{"key":"11_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700024843","volume":"117","author":"MD Jeyasingham","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jeyasingham MD, Pratt O, Burns A, Shaw GK, Thompson A, Marsh A (1987) The activation of red blood cell transketolase in groups of patients especially at risk from thiamin deficiency. Psych Med 117:311\u2013318","journal-title":"Psych Med"},{"key":"11_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(70)90237-2","volume":"9","author":"S Kikuchi","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kikuchi S, Nishikawa K, Suzuoki Z (1970) The metabolism of thiamine thetrhydrofurfuryl disulfide in the rat, rabbit and man. Eur J Pharmacol 9:367\u2013373","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"11_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1977.tb07759.x","volume":"28","author":"M Kimura","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kimura M, Itokawa Y (1977) Effects of calcium and magnesium deficiency on thiamine distribution in rat brain and liver. J Neurochem 28:389\u2013393","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"11_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.20506","volume":"125","author":"WH Lagarde","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lagarde WH, Underwood LE, Moats-Staats BM, Calikoglu AS (2004) Novel mutation in the SLC19A2 gene in an African-American female with thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome. Am J Med Genet 125:299\u2013305","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"11_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(64)90104-4","volume":"36","author":"M Lesch","year":"1964","unstructured":"Lesch M, Nyhan WL (1964) A familial disorder of uric acid metabolism and central nervous system function. Am J Med 36:561\u2013570","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"11_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(74)80371-9","volume":"85","author":"FM Loew","year":"1974","unstructured":"Loew FM (1974) Possible animal model of subacute necrotizing (Leigh\u2019s) encephalomyelopathy J Pediat 85:876\u2013877","journal-title":"J Pediat"},{"key":"11_CR55","first-page":"289","volume":"5","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1975","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1975) Thiamine metabolism in disease. Crit Rev Lab Sci 5:289\u2013313","journal-title":"Crit Rev Lab Sci"},{"key":"11_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-197704000-00059","volume":"11","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1977","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1977) Treatment of threatened SIDS with megadose thiamine hydrochloride. Pediat Res 11:379 (Abstr)","journal-title":"Pediat Res"},{"key":"11_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1978.03280390029014","volume":"239","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1978) Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy and hyperalimentation. JAMA 239:1133. (Letter to the editor)","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"11_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1159\/000455542","volume":"1","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1980) Recurrent febrile lymphadenopathy treated with large doses of vitamin B1: Report of two cases. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1:254\u2013264","journal-title":"Dev Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"11_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(81)90035-9","volume":"7","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1981","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1981) The syndrome of functional dysautonomia. Med Hypoth 7:495\u2013502","journal-title":"Med Hypoth"},{"key":"11_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1159\/000457388","volume":"4","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1982) Effect of thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide on audiogenic seizures in DBA\/J2 mice. Dev Pharmacol Ther 4:28\u201336","journal-title":"Dev Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"11_CR61","first-page":"5","volume-title":"A nutritionist\u2019s guide to the clinical use of vitamin B1","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1987a) A nutritionist\u2019s guide to the clinical use of vitamin B1. Life Sciences Press, Tacoma, pp. 5\u201312"},{"key":"11_CR62","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1987b) Biochemical studies in functional dysautonomia. In: A nutritionist\u2019s guide to the clinical use of vitamin B1. Life Sciences Press, Tacoma, WA, pp. 78\u2013115"},{"key":"11_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1990.10720344","volume":"9","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1990a) Hypothesis and case reports: possible thiamin deficiency. J Am Coll Nutr 9:13\u201317","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"11_CR64","first-page":"59","volume":"1","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1990b) Asymmetric functional dysautonomia. J Nutr Med 1:59\u201361","journal-title":"J Nutr Med"},{"key":"11_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91918-Z","volume":"ii","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1990c) Thiamine deficiency and sudden deaths. Lancet ii:376","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"11_CR66","first-page":"494","volume":"5","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1992a) Criminal behavior and nutrition. J Adv Med 5(2):494\u2013504","journal-title":"J Adv Med"},{"key":"11_CR67","first-page":"115","volume":"5","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1992b) Criminal behavior and nutrition. J Adv Med 5:115\u2013123","journal-title":"J Adv Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"11_CR68","first-page":"171","volume":"7","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1994a) Crime and violence: A hypothetical explanation of its relationship with high calorie malnutrition. J Adv Med 7(3):171\u2013180","journal-title":"J Adv Med"},{"key":"11_CR69","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (1994b) The three circles of health. In: Why I left orthodox medicine. Hampton Roads Publishing Company, Charlottesville, pp 189\u2013207"},{"key":"11_CR70","first-page":"196","volume":"2","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (2001a) Nutritional therapy in children with functional disorders of activity, behavior, attention and learning. Clin Pract Altern Med 2:196\u2013203","journal-title":"Clin Pract Altern Med"},{"key":"11_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2001.1363","volume":"57","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (2001b) Sudden infant death syndrome requires genetic predisposition, some form of stress and marginal malnutrition. Med Hypoth 57:382\u2013386","journal-title":"Med Hypoth"},{"key":"11_CR72","unstructured":"Lonsdale D. (2006a) http:\/\/www.soilandhealth.org\/02\/0201hyglibcat\/0201hyglibcat.html"},{"issue":"1","key":"11_CR73","first-page":"49","volume":"3","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (2006b) A review of the biochemistry, metabolism and clinical benefits of thiamin(e) and its derivatives. eCAM 3(1):49\u201359","journal-title":"eCAM"},{"key":"11_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lonsdale D (2006c) Three case reports to illustrate clinical applications in the use of transketolase. eCAM 4(2):247\u2013250","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nel089"},{"key":"11_CR75","first-page":"169","volume":"1","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lonsdale D, Kissling CD (1987) Clinical trials with thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide in Down\u2019s syndrome. J Orthomolecular Med 1:169\u2013175","journal-title":"J Orthomolecular Med"},{"key":"11_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)91882-X","volume":"ii","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lonsdale D, Mercer RD (1972) Primary hypoventilation syndrome. Lancet ii:487 (Letter to the editor)","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"11_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.40.2.79","volume":"40","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1973","unstructured":"Lonsdale D, Price JW (1973) Pyruvic aciduria in the detection of thiamine responsive encephalopathy. Cleve Clin Quart 40:79\u201388","journal-title":"Cleve Clin Quart"},{"key":"11_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.2.205","volume":"33","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lonsdale D, Shamberger RJ (1980) Red cell transketolase as an indicator of nutritional deficiency. Am J Clinc Nutr 33:205\u2013211","journal-title":"Am J Clinc Nutr"},{"key":"11_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.43.6.1025","volume":"43","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1969","unstructured":"Lonsdale D, Faulkner WR, Price JW, Smeby RR (1969) Intermittent cerebellar ataxia associated with hyperpypruvic academia, hyperalaninemia, and hyperalaninuria. Pediatrics 43:1025\u20131034","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"11_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.46.3.83","volume":"46","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lonsdale D, Nodar RH, Orlowski JP (1979) The effects of thiamine on abnormal brainstem auditory evoked potentials. Cleve Clin Quart 46:83\u201388","journal-title":"Cleve Clin Quart"},{"key":"11_CR81","first-page":"82","volume":"13","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lonsdale D, Nodar RH, Orlowski JP (1982) Brainstem dysfunction in infants reaponsive to thiamine disulfide; preliminary studies in four patients. Clin EEG 13:82\u201388","journal-title":"Clin EEG"},{"key":"11_CR82","first-page":"303","volume":"23","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lonsdale D, Shamberger RJ, Audhya T (2002) Treatment of autistic spectrum children with thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide: a pilot study. Neuroendocrinol Lett 23:303\u2013308","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinol Lett"},{"key":"11_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-002-0215-3","volume":"24","author":"A Lorber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lorber A, Gazit A Z, Khoury A, Schwartz Y, Mandel H (2003) Cardiac manifestations in thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol 24:476\u2013481","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"11_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-003-3098-4","volume":"60","author":"AE Makarchikov","year":"2003","unstructured":"Makarchikov AE, Lakaye B, Gulyai IE, Czerniecki J, Coumans B, Wins P et al. (2003) Thiamine triphosphatase and thiamine triphophatase activities: from bacteria to mammals. Cell Mol Life Sci 60:1477\u20131488","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"11_CR85","first-page":"564","volume":"252","author":"T Markannen","year":"1966","unstructured":"Markannen T, Kalliomaki JL (1966) Transketolase activity of blood cells in various clinical conditions. Am J Med Sci 252:564\u2013569","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"11_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)35985-7","volume":"130","author":"LM Markson","year":"1974","unstructured":"Markson LM, Edwin EE, Lewis G, Richardson C (1974) The production of cerebrocortical necrosis in ruminant calves by the intraruminal administration of amprolium. Br Vet J 130:9\u201316","journal-title":"Br Vet J"},{"key":"11_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390507","volume":"39","author":"P Mastrogiacoma","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mastrogiacoma P, Bettendorff L, Grisar T, Kish SJ (1996) Brain thiamine, its phosphate esters and its metabolizing enzymes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol 39:585\u2013591","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"11_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.39.375","volume":"39","author":"K Matsui","year":"1985","unstructured":"Matsui K, Hakahara H, Watanabe J, Tamatsu H, Nakayawa M et al (1985) Inhibition by thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) of the arachidonic acid cascade-line activation as evidenced in the heart-lung preparation of the dog. Jpn J Pharmacol 39:375\u2013379","journal-title":"Jpn J Pharmacol"},{"key":"11_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCandless DW (1982) Energy metabolism in the lateral vestibular nucleus in pyrithiamin-induced thiamin deficiency. In: Sable HZ, Guhbler CJ (eds) Thiamin: twenty years of progress. Ann N Y Acad Sci 378: 355\u2013364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1982.tb31210.x"},{"key":"11_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5774.567","volume":"3","author":"N McIntyre","year":"1971","unstructured":"McIntyre N, Stanley NN (1971) Cardiac beriberi: two modes of presentation. Br Med J 3:567\u2013569","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"11_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879300600408","volume":"6","author":"KJ Meador","year":"1993","unstructured":"Meador KJ, Loring D, Nichols M, Zamrini E, Rivner M, Posas H et al (1993a) Preliminary findings of high dose thiamine in dementia of Alzheimer\u2019s type. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 6:222\u2013229","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"11_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340516","volume":"34","author":"KJ Meador","year":"1993","unstructured":"Meador KJ, Nichols ME, Franke P, Durkin MW, Oberzin RL, Moore LE et al (1993b) Evidence for a central cholinergic effect of high dose thiamin. Ann Neurol 34:724\u2013726","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02080934","volume":"11","author":"Y Mimori","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mimori Y, Katsuoka H, Nakamura S (1996) Thiamine therapy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Metab Brain Dis 11(1):89\u201394","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"11_CR94","first-page":"1251","volume":"127","author":"B Minz","year":"1938","unstructured":"Minz B (1938) Sur la liberation de la vitamin par le tronc isole de nerf pheumogastrique soumis a la excitation electrique. C.R. Soc Biol (Paris) 127:1251\u20131253","journal-title":"C.R. Soc Biol (Paris)"},{"key":"11_CR95","first-page":"220","volume-title":"Beriberi and thiamine","author":"K Murata","year":"1965","unstructured":"Murata K (1965) Thiaminase. In: Shimazono N, Katsura E (eds) Beriberi and thiamine. Igaku Shoin Ltd., Tokyo, pp 220\u2013254"},{"key":"11_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G822","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00234.2004","volume":"287","author":"SM Nabokina","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nabokina SM, Said HM (2004) Characterization of the 5\u2032-regulating region of the human thiamin transporter SLC19A3: In vitro and in vivo studies. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287:G822\u2013G829","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"11_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.6.1625","volume":"130","author":"T Nishimune","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nishimune T, Watanabl Y, Okazaki H, Akai H (2000) Thiamin is decomposed due to Anaphe spp. Entomophagy in seasonal ataxia patients in Nigeria. J Nutr 130:1625\u20131628","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"11_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2003.10.026","volume":"266","author":"K Oishi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oishi K, Barchi M, Au AC, Gelb BD, Diaz GA (2004) Male infertility due to germ cell apoptosis in mice lacking the thiamin carrier Tht1. A new insight into the critical role of thiamin in spermatogenesis. Dev Biol 266:299\u2013309","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"11_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5448.2002.30407.x","volume":"3","author":"MA Ozdemir","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ozdemir MA, Alcakus M, Kuroglu, Gunes T, Torun YA (2002) TRMA syndrome (thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia): a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Diab 3:205\u2013209","journal-title":"Pediatr Diab"},{"issue":"5","key":"11_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00292932","volume":"12","author":"JA Pang","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pang JA, Yardumian A, Davies R, Patterson DL (1986) Shoshin beriberi an underdiagnosed condition? Intensive Care Med 12(5):380\u2013382","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"11_CR101","first-page":"1162","volume":"1","author":"RA Peters","year":"1936","unstructured":"Peters RA (1936) The biochemical lesion in vitamin B1 deficiency. Lancet 1:1162\u20131165","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"11_CR102","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Thiamine deficiency","author":"BS Platt","year":"1967","unstructured":"Platt BS (1967) Thiamine deficiency in human beriberi and in Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy. In: Wolstenholme GEW, O\u2019Connor M (eds) Thiamine deficiency. Little Brown and Company, Boston, pp 135\u2013143"},{"key":"11_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(69)80031-4","volume":"74","author":"LE Rogers","year":"1969","unstructured":"Rogers LE, Porter FS, Sidbury JB (1969) Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia. Pediat 74:494\u2013504","journal-title":"Pediat"},{"key":"11_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sable HZ, Gubler CJ (eds) (1982) Thiamin: twenty years of progress. Ann NY Acad Sci 378:355\u2013364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1982.tb31210.x"},{"key":"11_CR105","unstructured":"Schauss A (1981) Diet, crime and delinquency. Berkeley, CA, pp 1\u2013108"},{"key":"11_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91041-5","volume":"i","author":"CR Scriver","year":"1971","unstructured":"Scriver CR, Mackenzie S, Clow CL, Delvin E (1971) Thiamine-responsive maple-syrup urine disease. Lancet i:310\u2013312","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"11_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90007-K","volume":"91","author":"H Seligman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Seligman H, Halkin H, Rauchfleisch S et al (1991) Thiamine deficiency in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy: a pilot study. Am J Med 91:151\u2013155","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"11_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.94.15.330","volume":"94","author":"JE Shreeve","year":"1974","unstructured":"Shreeve JE, Edwin EE (1974) Thiaminase-producing strains of Cl. Sporogenes associated with outbreaks of cerebrocortical necrosis. Vet Rec 94(15):330","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"11_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s10541-005-0120-5","volume":"70","author":"AL Stepuro","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stepuro AL, Piletskaya TO, Stepura II (2005) Role of thiamine thiol forms in nitric oxide metabolism. Biochemistry (Mosc) 70:339\u2013349","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)"},{"key":"11_CR110","first-page":"2110","volume":"57","author":"PJ Thornalley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Thornalley PJ (2003) Prevention of incipient diabetic nephropathy by high-dose thiamine and benfotiamine. Diabetes 57:2110\u20132120","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"11_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)92412-4","volume":"ii","author":"DG Wells","year":"1968","unstructured":"Wells DG, Baylis EM, Holoway L, Marks V (1968) Erythrocyte-transketolase activity in megaloblastic anaemia. Lancet ii:543\u2013545","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"11_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1938.62790100003008","volume":"110","author":"RR Williams","year":"1938","unstructured":"Williams RR (1938) Chemistry of thiamine (Vitamin B1). JAMA 110:727\u2013731","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"11_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1943.00210010044003","volume":"71","author":"RD Williams","year":"1943","unstructured":"Williams RD, Mason HL, Marschelle HP, Russell MW (1943) Induced thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency in man. Arch Int Med 71:38\u201353","journal-title":"Arch Int Med"},{"key":"11_CR114","first-page":"744","volume":"4","author":"Y Yui","year":"1978","unstructured":"Yui Y, Fujiwara H, Mitsui H et al (1978) Furosemide-induced thiamine deficiency (abstract). Jpn Circ J 4:744","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"11_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1962.tb30576.x","volume":"98","author":"G Zbinden","year":"1962","unstructured":"Zbinden G (1962) Therapeutic use of vitamin B1 in diseases other than beriberi. Ann NY Acad Sci 98:550\u2013561","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"}],"container-title":["Subcellular Biochemistry","Water Soluble Vitamins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-94-007-2199-9_11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T14:00:48Z","timestamp":1674828048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-94-007-2199-9_11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]]},"ISBN":["9789400721982","9789400721999"],"references-count":115,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-2199-9_11","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-0225"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-0225","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 August 2011","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}