{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:56:48Z","timestamp":1791331008430,"version":"4.3.1"},"publisher-location":"Dordrecht","reference-count":225,"publisher":"Springer Netherlands","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789401794862","type":"print"},{"value":"9789401794879","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9487-9_6","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T09:06:10Z","timestamp":1411722370000},"page":"153-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Tfh Cell Differentiation and Their Function in Promoting B-Cell Responses"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Hai","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coco","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiacong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"6_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI3409","volume":"102","author":"K Agematsu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Agematsu K, Nagumo H, Shinozaki K, Hokibara S, Yasui K et al (1998) Absence of IgD-CD27(+) memory B cell population in X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome. J Clin Invest 102:853\u2013860","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.4.2340","volume":"175","author":"H Akiba","year":"2005","unstructured":"Akiba H, Takeda K, Kojima Y, Usui Y, Harada N et al (2005) The role of ICOS in the CXCR5+ follicular B helper T cell maintenance in vivo. J Immunol 175:2340\u20132348","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.07.009","volume":"27","author":"CD Allen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Allen CD, Okada T, Cyster JG (2007) Germinal-center organization and cellular dynamics. Immunity 27:190\u2013202","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136736","volume":"315","author":"CD Allen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Allen CD, Okada T, Tang HL, Cyster JG (2007) Imaging of germinal center selection events during affinity maturation. Science 315:528\u2013531","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.8.1123","volume":"190","author":"KM Ansel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ansel KM, McHeyzer-Williams LJ, Ngo VN, McHeyzer-Williams MG, Cyster JG (1999) In vivo-activated CD4 T cells upregulate CXC chemokine receptor 5 and reprogram their response to lymphoid chemokines. J Exp Med 190:1123\u20131134","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636486","volume":"37","author":"CN Arnold","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arnold CN, Campbell DJ, Lipp M, Butcher EC (2007) The germinal center response is impaired in the absence of T cell-expressed CXCR5. Eur J Immunol 37:100\u2013109","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7537388","volume":"268","author":"C Arpin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Arpin C, Dechanet J, Van Kooten C, Merville P, Grouard G et al (1995) Generation of memory B cells and plasma cells in vitro. Science 268:720\u2013722","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"155\u201371","key":"6_CR8","first-page":"S1","volume":"207","author":"DT Avery","year":"2010","unstructured":"Avery DT, Deenick EK, Ma CS, Suryani S, Simpson N et al (2010) B cell-intrinsic signaling through IL-21 receptor and STAT3 is required for establishing long-lived antibody responses in humans. J Exp Med 207(155\u201371):S1\u2013S5","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.10.011","volume":"25","author":"M Bajenoff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bajenoff M, Egen JG, Koo LY, Laugier JP, Brau F et al (2006) Stromal cell networks regulate lymphocyte entry, migration, and territoriality in lymph nodes. Immunity 25:989\u20131001","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030167","volume":"198","author":"M Bajenoff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bajenoff M, Granjeaud S, Guerder S (2003) The strategy of T cell antigen-presenting cell encounter in antigen-draining lymph nodes revealed by imaging of initial T cell activation. J Exp Med 198:715\u2013724","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.02.012","volume":"36","author":"A Ballesteros-Tato","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ballesteros-Tato A, Leon B, Graf BA, Moquin A, Adams PS et al (2012) Interleukin-2 inhibits germinal center formation by limiting T follicular helper cell differentiation. Immunity 36:847\u2013856","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.038","volume":"39","author":"O Bannard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bannard O, Horton RM, Allen CD, An J, Nagasawa T, Cyster JG (2013) Germinal center centroblasts transition to a centrocyte phenotype according to a timed program and depend on the dark zone for effective selection. Immunity 39:912\u2013924","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04444","volume":"439","author":"DL Barber","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barber DL, Wherry EJ, Masopust D, Zhu B, Allison JP et al (2006) Restoring function in exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection. Nature 439:682\u2013687","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2642","volume":"14","author":"D Baumjohann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baumjohann D, Kageyama R, Clingan JM, Morar MM, Patel S et al (2013) The microRNA cluster miR-17\u00a0~\u00a092 promotes TFH cell differentiation and represses subset-inappropriate gene expression. Nat Immunol 14:840\u2013848","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1690","volume":"10","author":"AT Bauquet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bauquet AT, Jin H, Paterson AM, Mitsdoerffer M, Ho IC et al (2009) The costimulatory molecule ICOS regulates the expression of c-Maf and IL-21 in the development of follicular T helper cells and TH-17 cells. Nat Immunol 10:167\u2013175","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.11.1895","volume":"191","author":"K Benlagha","year":"2000","unstructured":"Benlagha K, Weiss A, Beavis A, Teyton L, Bendelac A (2000) In vivo identification of glycolipid antigen-specific T cells using fluorescent CD1d tetramers. J Exp Med 191:1895\u20131903","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091548","volume":"207","author":"BC Betz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Betz BC, Jordan-Williams KL, Wang C, Kang SG, Liao J et al (2010) Batf coordinates multiple aspects of B and T cell function required for normal antibody responses. J Exp Med 207:933\u2013942","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8664","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205834109","volume":"109","author":"N Bollig","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bollig N, Brustle A, Kellner K, Ackermann W, Abass E et al (2012) Transcription factor IRF4 determines germinal center formation through follicular T-helper cell differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:8664\u20138669","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"6_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4927","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.7.4927","volume":"177","author":"L Bossaller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bossaller L, Burger J, Draeger R, Grimbacher B, Knoth R et al (2006) ICOS deficiency is associated with a severe reduction of CXCR5+CD4 germinal center Th cells. J Immunol 177:4927\u20134932","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070945","volume":"296","author":"P Bousso","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bousso P, Bhakta NR, Lewis RS, Robey E (2002) Dynamics of thymocyte-stromal cell interactions visualized by two-photon microscopy. Science 296:1876\u20131880","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/ni928","volume":"4","author":"P Bousso","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bousso P, Robey E (2003) Dynamics of CD8+ T cell priming by dendritic cells in intact lymph nodes. Nat Immunol 4:579\u2013585","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.11.1545","volume":"192","author":"D Breitfeld","year":"2000","unstructured":"Breitfeld D, Ohl L, Kremmer E, Ellwart J, Sallusto F et al (2000) Follicular B helper T cells express CXC chemokine receptor 5, localize to B cell follicles, and support immunoglobulin production. J Exp Med 192:1545\u20131552","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5290","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.8.5290","volume":"177","author":"N Caccamo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Caccamo N, Battistini L, Bonneville M, Poccia F, Fournie JJ et al (2006) CXCR5 identifies a subset of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells which secrete IL-4 and IL-10 and help B cells for antibody production. J Immunol 177:5290\u20135295","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41940","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041940","volume":"7","author":"N Caccamo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Caccamo N, Todaro M, La Manna MP, Sireci G, Stassi G, Dieli F (2012) IL-21 regulates the differentiation of a human gammadelta T cell subset equipped with B cell helper activity. PLoS ONE 7:e41940","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1038\/nri935","volume":"2","author":"MD Cahalan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cahalan MD, Parker I, Wei SH, Miller MJ (2002) Two-photon tissue imaging: seeing the immune system in a fresh light. Nat Rev Immunol 2:872\u2013880","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-391748","volume":"119","author":"RA Cairns","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cairns RA, Iqbal J, Lemonnier F, Kucuk C, de Leval L et al (2012) IDH2 mutations are frequent in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Blood 119:1901\u20131903","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt894","volume":"21","author":"PJ Campagnola","year":"2003","unstructured":"Campagnola PJ, Loew LM (2003) Second-harmonic imaging microscopy for visualizing biomolecular arrays in cells, tissues and organisms. Nat Biotechnol 21:1356\u20131360","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"6_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.01.010","volume":"32","author":"JL Cannons","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cannons JL, Qi H, Lu KT, Ghai M, Gomez-Rodriguez J et al (2010) Optimal germinal center responses require a multi-stage T cell: B cell adhesion process involving integrins, SLAM-associated protein, and CD84. Immunity 32:253","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-030409-101302","volume":"29","author":"JL Cannons","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cannons JL, Tangye SG, Schwartzberg PL (2011) SLAM family receptors and SAP adaptors in immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 29:665\u2013705","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.09.012","volume":"21","author":"JL Cannons","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cannons JL, Yu LJ, Hill B, Mijares LA, Dombroski D et al (2004) SAP regulates TH2 differentiation and PKC-\u03b8-mediated activation of NF-\u03baB1. Immunity 21:693\u2013706","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20052097","volume":"203","author":"JL Cannons","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cannons JL, Yu LJ, Jankovic D, Crotty S, Horai R et al (2006) SAP regulates T cell-mediated help for humoral immunity by a mechanism distinct from cytokine regulation. J Exp Med 203:1551\u20131565","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051018","volume":"202","author":"S Celli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Celli S, Garcia Z, Bousso P (2005) CD4 T cells integrate signals delivered during successive DC encounters in vivo. J Exp Med 202:1271\u20131278","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang PP, Barral P, Fitch J, Pratama A, Ma CS, et al (2011) Identification of Bcl-6-dependent follicular helper NKT cells that provide cognate help for B cell responses. Nat Immunol","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2166"},{"key":"6_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636417","volume":"37","author":"G Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen G, Tai AK, Lin M, Chang F, Terhorst C, Huber BT (2007) Increased proliferation of CD8+ T cells in SAP-deficient mice is associated with impaired activation-induced cell death. Eur J Immunol 37:663\u2013674","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.3.1006","volume":"157","author":"J Choe","year":"1996","unstructured":"Choe J, Kim HS, Zhang X, Armitage RJ, Choi YS (1996) Cellular and molecular factors that regulate the differentiation and apoptosis of germinal center B cells. Anti-Ig down-regulates Fas expression of CD40 ligand-stimulated germinal center B cells and inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis. J Immunol 157:1006\u20131016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.01.001","volume":"34","author":"YS Choi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Choi YS, Kageyama R, Eto D, Escobar TC, Johnston RJ et al (2011) ICOS receptor instructs T follicular helper cell versus effector cell differentiation via induction of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6. Immunity 34:1\u201315","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4014","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202963","volume":"190","author":"YS Choi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choi YS, Yang JA, Yusuf I, Johnston RJ, Greenbaum J et al (2013) Bcl6 expressing follicular helper CD4 T cells are fate committed early and have the capacity to form memory. J Immunol 190:4014\u20134026","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.1.68","volume":"173","author":"T Chtanova","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chtanova T, Tangye SG, Newton R, Frank N, Hodge MR et al (2004) T follicular helper cells express a distinctive transcriptional profile, reflecting their role as non-Th1\/Th2 effector cells that provide help for B cells. J Immunol 173:68\u201378","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2426","volume":"17","author":"Y Chung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chung Y, Tanaka S, Chu F, Nurieva RI, Martinez GJ et al (2011) Follicular regulatory T cells expressing Foxp3 and Bcl-6 suppress germinal center reactions. Nat Med 17:983\u2013988","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"6_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24725","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.028209","volume":"284","author":"NG Clarkson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clarkson NG, Brown MH (2009) Inhibition and activation by CD244 depends on CD2 and phospholipase C-\u03b31. J Biol Chem 284:24725\u201324734","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132649","volume":"27","author":"ME Conley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Conley ME, Dobbs AK, Farmer DM, Kilic S, Paris K et al (2009) Primary B cell immunodeficiencies: comparisons and contrasts. Annu Rev Immunol 27:199\u2013227","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.58","volume":"8","author":"JE Craft","year":"2012","unstructured":"Craft JE (2012) Follicular helper T cells in immunity and systemic autoimmunity. Nat Rev Rheumatol 8:337\u2013347","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1837","volume":"11","author":"S Crotty","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crotty S, Johnston RJ, Schoenberger SP (2010) Effectors and memories: Bcl-6 and Blimp-1 in T and B lymphocyte differentiation. Nat Immunol 11:114\u2013120","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01318","volume":"421","author":"S Crotty","year":"2003","unstructured":"Crotty S, Kersh EN, Cannons J, Schwartzberg PL, Ahmed R (2003) SAP is required for generating long-term humoral immunity. Nature 421:282\u2013287","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3109","volume":"19","author":"RA Cubas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cubas RA, Mudd JC, Savoye AL, Perreau M, van Grevenynghe J et al (2013) Inadequate T follicular cell help impairs B cell immunity during HIV infection. Nat Med 19:494\u2013499","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"6_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czar MJ, Kersh EN, Mijares LA, Lanier G, Lewis J et al (2001) Altered lymphocyte responses and cytokine production in mice deficient in the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease gene SH2D1A\/DSHP\/SAP. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:7449\u20137454","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.131193098"},{"key":"6_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.08003.x","volume":"148","author":"L de Leval","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Leval L, Gisselbrecht C, Gaulard P (2010) Advances in the understanding and management of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 148:673\u2013689","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"6_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.07.015","volume":"33","author":"EK Deenick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deenick EK, Chan A, Ma CS, Gatto D, Schwartzberg PL et al (2010) Follicular helper T cell differentiation requires continuous antigen presentation that is independent of unique B cell signaling. Immunity 33:241\u2013253","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2321027","volume":"248","author":"W Denk","year":"1990","unstructured":"Denk W, Strickler JH, Webb WW (1990) Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Science 248:73\u201376","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06253","volume":"450","author":"Y Di","year":"2007","unstructured":"Di Y, Tan AHM, Hu X, Athanasopoulos V, Simpson N et al (2007) Roquin represses autoimmunity by limiting inducible T-cell co-stimulator messenger RNA. Nature 450:299\u2013303","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000209855.28282.ce","volume":"30","author":"DM Dorfman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dorfman DM, Brown JA, Shahsafaei A, Freeman GJ (2006) Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a marker of germinal center-associated T cells and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 30:802\u2013810","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"6_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.05.003","volume":"32","author":"L Durant","year":"2010","unstructured":"Durant L, Watford WT, Ramos HL, Laurence A, Vahedi G et al (2010) Diverse targets of the transcription factor STAT3 contribute to T cell pathogenicity and homeostasis. Immunity 32:605\u2013615","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR53","first-page":"443","volume":"57","author":"JM Dzik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dzik JM (2010) The ancestry and cumulative evolution of immune reactions. Acta Biochim Pol 57:443\u2013466","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"6_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1790","volume":"10","author":"BT Fife","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fife BT, Pauken KE, Eagar TN, Obu T, Wu J et al (2009) Interactions between PD-1 and PD-L1 promote tolerance by blocking the TCR-induced stop signal. Nat Immunol 10:1185\u20131192","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.2.297","volume":"188","author":"S Flynn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Flynn S, Toellner KM, Raykundalia C, Goodall M, Lane P (1998) CD4 T cell cytokine differentiation: the B cell activation molecule, OX40 ligand, instructs CD4 T cells to express interleukin 4 and upregulates expression of the chemokine receptor, Blr-1. J Exp Med 188:297\u2013304","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81798-5","volume":"87","author":"R Forster","year":"1996","unstructured":"Forster R, Mattis AE, Kremmer E, Wolf E, Brem G, Lipp M (1996) A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen. Cell 87:1037\u20131047","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"6_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.1.157","volume":"180","author":"TM Foy","year":"1994","unstructured":"Foy TM, Laman JD, Ledbetter JA, Aruffo A, Claassen E, Noelle RJ (1994) gp39-CD40 interactions are essential for germinal center formation and the development of B cell memory. J Exp Med 180:157\u2013163","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR58","first-page":"1657","volume":"11","author":"T Fukuda","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fukuda T, Miki T, Yoshida T, Hatano M, Ohashi K et al (1995) The murine BCL6 gene is induced in activated lymphocytes as an immediate early gene. Oncogene 11:1657\u20131663","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"6_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-009-9287-7","volume":"29","author":"G Galicia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Galicia G, Kasran A, Uyttenhove C, De Swert K, Van Snick J, Ceuppens JL (2009) ICOS deficiency results in exacerbated IL-17 mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Clin Immunol 29:426\u2013433","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021616","volume":"197","author":"G Galli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Galli G, Nuti S, Tavarini S, Galli-Stampino L, De Lalla C et al (2003) CD1d-restricted help to B cells by human invariant natural killer T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 197:1051\u20131057","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5373.96","volume":"281","author":"P Garside","year":"1998","unstructured":"Garside P, Ingulli E, Merica RR, Johnson JG, Noelle RJ, Jenkins MK (1998) Visualization of specific B and T lymphocyte interactions in the lymph node. Science 281:96\u201399","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1884","volume":"6","author":"RN Germain","year":"2006","unstructured":"Germain RN, Miller MJ, Dustin ML, Nussenzweig MC (2006) Dynamic imaging of the immune system: progress, pitfalls and promise. Nat Rev Immunol 6:497\u2013507","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gigoux M, Shang J, Pak Y, Xu M, Choe J et al 2009. Inducible costimulator promotes helper T-cell differentiation through phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:20371-20376","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911573106"},{"key":"6_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1841","volume":"11","author":"DI Godfrey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Godfrey DI, Stankovic S, Baxter AG (2010) Raising the NKT cell family. Nat Immunol 11:197\u2013206","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100853","volume":"187","author":"R Goenka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goenka R, Barnett LG, Silver JS, O\u2019Neill PJ, Hunter CA et al (2011) Cutting edge: dendritic cell-restricted antigen presentation initiates the follicular helper T cell program but cannot complete ultimate effector differentiation. J Immunol 187:1091\u20131095","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Good-Jacobson KL, Song E, Anderson S, Sharpe AH, Shlomchik MJ (2012) CD80 Expression on B cells regulates murine T follicular helper development, germinal center B cell survival, and plasma cell generation. J Immunol 188:4217\u20134225","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102885"},{"key":"6_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1877","volume":"11","author":"KL Good-Jacobson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Good-Jacobson KL, Szumilas CG, Chen L, Sharpe AH, Tomayko MM, Shlomchik MJ (2010) PD-1 regulates germinal center B cell survival and the formation and affinity of long-lived plasma cells. Nat Immunol 11:535\u2013542","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR68","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"J Gowans","year":"1966","unstructured":"Gowans J (1966) Life-span, recirculation, and transformation of lymphocytes. Int Rev Exp Pathol 5:1","journal-title":"Int Rev Exp Pathol"},{"key":"6_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.16.1.111","volume":"16","author":"IS Grewal","year":"1998","unstructured":"Grewal IS, Flavell RA (1998) CD40 and CD154 in cell-mediated immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 16:111\u2013135","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/ni902","volume":"4","author":"B Grimbacher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grimbacher B, Hutloff A, Schlesier M, Glocker E, Warnatz K et al (2003) Homozygous loss of ICOS is associated with adult-onset common variable immunodeficiency. Nat Immunol 4:261\u2013268","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011786","volume":"195","author":"JE Gumperz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gumperz JE, Miyake S, Yamamura T, Brenner MB (2002) Functionally distinct subsets of CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells revealed by CD1d tetramer staining. J Exp Med 195:625\u2013636","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/35876","volume":"391","author":"MD Gunn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gunn MD, Ngo VN, Ansel KM, Ekland EH, Cyster JG, Williams LT (1998) A B-cell-homing chemokine made in lymphoid follicles activates Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma receptor-1. Nature 391:799\u2013803","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunn MD, Tangemann K, Tam C, Cyster JG, Rosen SD, Williams LT (1998b) A chemokine expressed in lymphoid high endothelial venules promotes the adhesion and chemotaxis of naive T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 258\u2013263","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.1.258"},{"key":"6_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.02.020","volume":"38","author":"JS Hale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hale JS, Youngblood B, Latner DR, Mohammed AU, Ye L et al (2013) Distinct memory CD4+ T cells with commitment to T follicular helper- and T helper 1-cell lineages are generated after acute viral infection. Immunity 38:805\u2013817","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.2.556","volume":"155","author":"S Han","year":"1995","unstructured":"Han S, Hathcock K, Zheng B, Kepler TB, Hodes R, Kelsoe G (1995) Cellular interaction in germinal centers. Roles of CD40 ligand and B7-2 in established germinal centers. J Immunol 155:556\u2013567","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-11-4494","volume":"106","author":"S Hardtke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hardtke S, Ohl L, Forster R (2005) Balanced expression of CXCR5 and CCR7 on follicular T helper cells determines their transient positioning to lymph node follicles and is essential for efficient B-cell help. Blood 106:1924\u20131931","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1208421","volume":"334","author":"JA Harker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Harker JA, Lewis GM, Mack L, Zuniga EI (2011) Late interleukin-6 escalates T follicular helper cell responses and controls a chronic viral infection. Science 334:825\u2013829","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2120","volume":"7","author":"AE Hauser","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hauser AE, Shlomchik MJ, Haberman AM (2007) In vivo imaging studies shed light on germinal-centre development. Nat Rev Immunol 7:499\u2013504","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5099","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.8.5099","volume":"179","author":"NM Haynes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Haynes NM, Allen CD, Lesley R, Ansel KM, Killeen N, Cyster JG (2007) Role of CXCR5 and CCR7 in follicular Th cell positioning and appearance of a programmed cell death gene-1high germinal center-associated subpopulation. J Immunol 179:5099\u20135108","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.09.007","volume":"39","author":"J He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He J, Tsai LM, Leong YA, Hu X, Ma CS et al (2013) Circulating precursor CCR7loPD-1hi CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells indicate Tfh cell activity and promote antibody responses upon antigen reexposure. Immunity 39:770\u2013781","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0909639","volume":"87","author":"Y Hiramatsu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hiramatsu Y, Suto A, Kashiwakuma D, Kanari H, Kagami S et al (2010) c-Maf activates the promoter and enhancer of the IL-21 gene, and TGF-beta inhibits c-Maf-induced IL-21 production in CD4+ T cells. J Leukoc Biol 87:703\u2013712","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"6_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2552","volume":"14","author":"K Hirota","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hirota K, Turner JE, Villa M, Duarte JH, Demengeot J et al (2013) Plasticity of Th17 cells in Peyer\u2019s patches is responsible for the induction of T cell-dependent IgA responses. Nat Immunol 14:372\u2013379","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.3.957","volume":"99","author":"D Howie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Howie D, Simarro M, Sayos J, Guirado M, Sancho J, Terhorst C (2002) Molecular dissection of the signaling and costimulatory functions of CD150 (SLAM): CD150\/SAP binding and CD150-mediated costimulation. Blood 99:957\u2013965","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040526","volume":"200","author":"JD Hron","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hron JD, Caplan L, Gerth AJ, Schwartzberg PL, Peng SL (2004) SH2D1A regulates T-dependent humoral autoimmunity. J Exp Med 200:261\u2013266","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu H, Wu X, Jin W, Chang M, Cheng X, Sun SC (2011) Noncanonical NF-\u03baB regulates inducible costimulator (ICOS) ligand expression and T follicular helper cell development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:12827\u201312832","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105774108"},{"key":"6_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2012.05.002","volume":"43","author":"S Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu S, Young KH, Konoplev SN, Medeiros LJ (2012) Follicular T-cell lymphoma: a member of an emerging family of follicular helper T-cell derived T-cell lymphomas. Hum Pathol 43:1789\u20131798","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"6_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.3.1421","volume":"182","author":"YL Hu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hu YL, Metz DP, Chung J, Siu G, Zhang M (2009) B7RP-1 blockade ameliorates autoimmunity through regulation of follicular helper T cells. J Immunol 182:1421\u20131428","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2013.15","volume":"10","author":"ZQ Hu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hu ZQ, Zhao WH (2013) Critical role of PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway in generation and function of follicular regulatory T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 10:286\u2013288","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20519","volume":"50","author":"A Hutloff","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hutloff A, Buchner K, Reiter K, Baelde HJ, Odendahl M et al (2004) Involvement of inducible costimulator in the exaggerated memory B cell and plasma cell generation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 50:3211\u20133220","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"6_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/16717","volume":"397","author":"A Hutloff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hutloff A, Dittrich AM, Beier KC, Eljaschewitsch B, Kraft R et al (1999) ICOS is an inducible T-cell co-stimulator structurally and functionally related to CD28. Nature 397:263\u2013266","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/21.3.314","volume":"21","author":"PM Hwang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hwang PM, Li C, Morra M, Lillywhite J, Muhandiram DR et al (2002) A \u201cthree-pronged\u201d binding mechanism for the SAP\/SH2D1A SH2 domain: structural basis and relevance to the XLP syndrome. EMBO J 21:314\u2013323","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"6_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2037","volume":"12","author":"W Ise","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ise W, Kohyama M, Schraml BU, Zhang T, Schwer B et al (2011) The transcription factor BATF controls the global regulators of class-switch recombination in both B cells and T cells. Nat Immunol 12:536\u2013543","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i113","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138156","volume":"70","author":"T Ishii","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ishii T, Ishii M (2011) Intravital two-photon imaging: a versatile tool for dissecting the immune system. Ann Rheum Dis 70(Suppl 1):i113\u2013i115","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111174","volume":"209","author":"RJ Johnston","year":"2012","unstructured":"Johnston RJ, Choi Y, Diamond JA, Yang JA, Crotty S (2012) STAT5 is a potent negative regulator of TFH cell differentiation. J Exp Med 209:243\u2013250","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175870","volume":"325","author":"RJ Johnston","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johnston RJ, Poholek AC, DiToro D, Yusuf I, Eto D et al (2009) Bcl6 and Blimp-1 are reciprocal and antagonistic regulators of T follicular helper cell differentiation. Science 325:1006\u20131010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141623","volume":"30","author":"SZ Josefowicz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Josefowicz SZ, Lu LF, Rudensky AY (2012) Regulatory T cells: mechanisms of differentiation and function. Annu Rev Immunol 30:531\u2013564","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002838","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002838","volume":"8","author":"JA Juno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Juno JA, Keynan Y, Fowke KR (2012) Invariant NKT cells: regulation and function during viral infection. PLoS Pathog 8:e1002838","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"6_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7109","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.11.7109","volume":"175","author":"T Junt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Junt T, Fink K, Forster R, Senn B, Lipp M et al (2005) CXCR5-dependent seeding of follicular niches by B and Th cells augments antiviral B cell responses. J Immunol 175:7109\u20137116","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.05.016","volume":"36","author":"R Kageyama","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kageyama R, Cannons JL, Zhao F, Yusuf I, Lao C et al (2012) The receptor Ly108 functions as a SAP adaptor-dependent on-off switch for T cell help to B cells and NKT cell development. Immunity 36:986\u20131002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.06.021","volume":"31","author":"A Kallies","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kallies A, Xin A, Belz GT, Nutt SL (2009) Blimp-1 transcription factor is required for the differentiation of effector CD8+ T cells and memory responses. Immunity 31:283\u2013295","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3994","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.3994","volume":"181","author":"C Kamperschroer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kamperschroer C, Roberts DM, Zhang Y, Weng NP, Swain SL (2008) SAP enables T cells to help B cells by a mechanism distinct from Th cell programming or CD40 ligand regulation. J Immunol 181:3994\u20134003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2648","volume":"14","author":"SG Kang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kang SG, Liu WH, Lu P, Jin HY, Lim HW et al (2013) MicroRNAs of the miR-17~92 family are critical regulators of TFH differentiation. Nat Immunol 14:849\u2013857","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300739","volume":"191","author":"T Katakai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Katakai T, Habiro K, Kinashi T (2013) Dendritic cells regulate high-speed interstitial T cell migration in the lymph node via LFA-1\/ICAM-1. J Immunol 191:1188\u20131199","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090331","volume":"26","author":"ME Keir","year":"2008","unstructured":"Keir ME, Butte MJ, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH (2008) PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 26:677\u2013704","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.03.024","volume":"34","author":"SM Kerfoot","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kerfoot SM, Yaari G, Patel JR, Johnson KL, Gonzalez DG et al (2011) Germinal center B cell and T follicular helper cell development initiates in the interfollicular zone. Immunity 34:947\u2013960","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.12.1373","volume":"193","author":"CH Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim CH, Rott LS, Clark-Lewis I, Campbell DJ, Wu L, Butcher EC (2001) Subspecialization of CXCR5+ T cells: B helper activity is focused in a germinal center-localized subset of CXCR5+ T cells. J Exp Med 193:1373\u20131381","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09370","volume":"467","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Verbinnen B, Tang X, Lu L, Cantor H (2010) Inhibition of follicular T-helper cells by CD8+ regulatory T cells is essential for self tolerance. Nature 467:328\u2013332","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25291","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501459200","volume":"280","author":"HP Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim HP, Korn LL, Gamero AM, Leonard WJ (2005) Calcium-dependent activation of interleukin-21 gene expression in T cells. J Biol Chem 280:25291\u201325297","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2644","volume":"9","author":"C King","year":"2009","unstructured":"King C (2009) New insights into the differentiation and function of T follicular helper cells. Nat Rev Immunol 9:757\u2013766","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2172","volume":"13","author":"IL King","year":"2012","unstructured":"King IL, Fortier A, Tighe M, Dibble J, Watts GF et al (2012) Invariant natural killer T cells direct B cell responses to cognate lipid antigen in an IL-21-dependent manner. Nat Immunol 13:44\u201350","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090313","volume":"206","author":"IL King","year":"2009","unstructured":"King IL, Mohrs M (2009) IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells in reactive lymph nodes during helminth infection are T follicular helper cells. J Exp Med 206:1001\u20131007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.03.025","volume":"34","author":"M Kitano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kitano M, Moriyama S, Ando Y, Hikida M, Mori Y et al (2011) Bcl6 protein expression shapes pre-germinal center B cell dynamics and follicular helper T cell heterogeneity. Immunity 34:961\u2013972","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2217","volume":"8","author":"U Klein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klein U, Dalla-Favera R (2008) Germinal centres: role in B-cell physiology and malignancy. Nat Rev Immunol 8:22\u201333","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.10.1895","volume":"188","author":"M Kopf","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kopf M, Herren S, Wiles MV, Pepys MB, Kosco-Vilbois MH (1998) Interleukin 6 influences germinal center development and antibody production via a contribution of C3 complement component. J Exp Med 188:1895\u20131906","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3734","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103246","volume":"188","author":"MA Kroenke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kroenke MA, Eto D, Locci M, Cho M, Davidson T et al (2012) Bcl6 and Maf cooperate to instruct human follicular helper CD4 T cell differentiation. J Immunol 188:3734\u20133744","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/90615","volume":"2","author":"S Latour","year":"2001","unstructured":"Latour S, Gish G, Helgason CD, Humphries RK, Pawson T, Veillette A (2001) Regulation of SLAM-mediated signal transduction by SAP, the X-linked lymphoproliferative gene product. Nat Immunol 2:681\u2013690","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leadbetter EA, Brigl M, Illarionov P, Cohen N, Luteran MC et al (2008) NK T cells provide lipid antigen-specific cognate help for B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 8339\u20138344","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801375105"},{"key":"6_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011908","volume":"195","author":"PT Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee PT, Benlagha K, Teyton L, Bendelac A (2002) Distinct functional lineages of human V(alpha)24 natural killer T cells. J Exp Med 195:637\u2013641","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-02-408542","volume":"120","author":"F Lemonnier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lemonnier F, Couronne L, Parrens M, Jais JP, Travert M et al (2012) Recurrent TET2 mutations in peripheral T-cell lymphomas correlate with TFH-like features and adverse clinical parameters. Blood 120:1466\u20131469","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.04.133","volume":"422","author":"XY Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li XY, Wu ZB, Ding J, Zheng ZH, Chen LN, Zhu P (2012) Role of the frequency of blood CD4(+) CXCR5(+) CCR6(+) T cells in autoimmunity in patients with Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 422:238\u2013244","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"6_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200422325","volume":"114","author":"HW Lim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lim HW, Hillsamer P, Kim CH (2004) Regulatory T cells can migrate to follicles upon T cell activation and suppress GC-Th cells and GC-Th cell-driven B cell responses. J Clin Invest 114:1640\u20131649","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1139","volume":"5","author":"RL Lindquist","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lindquist RL, Shakhar G, Dudziak D, Wardemann H, Eisenreich T et al (2004) Visualizing dendritic cell networks in vivo. Nat Immunol 5:1243\u20131250","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091738","volume":"207","author":"MA Linterman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Linterman MA, Beaton L, Yu D, Ramiscal RR, Srivastava M et al (2010) IL-21 acts directly on B cells to regulate Bcl-6 expression and germinal center responses. J Exp Med 207:353\u2013363","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2425","volume":"17","author":"MA Linterman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Linterman MA, Pierson W, Lee SK, Kallies A, Kawamoto S et al (2011) Foxp3+ follicular regulatory T cells control the germinal center response. Nat Med 17:975\u2013982","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"6_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081886","volume":"206","author":"MA Linterman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Linterman MA, Rigby RJ, Wong RK, Yu D, Brink R et al (2009) Follicular helper T cells are required for systemic autoimmunity. J Exp Med 206:561\u2013576","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-009-0194-z","volume":"32","author":"MA Linterman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Linterman MA, Vinuesa CG (2010) Signals that influence T follicular helper cell differentiation and function. Semin Immunopathol 32:183\u2013196","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"6_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12910","volume":"507","author":"X Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu X, Chen X, Zhong B, Wang A, Wang X et al (2014) Transcription factor achaete-scute homologue 2 initiates follicular T-helper-cell development. Nature 507:513\u2013518","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20120219","volume":"209","author":"X Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu X, Yan X, Zhong B, Nurieva RI, Wang A et al (2012) Bcl6 expression specifies the T follicular helper cell program in vivo. J Exp Med 209:1841\u20131852","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-07-368860","volume":"119","author":"Y Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu Y, Belkina NV, Park C, Nambiar R, Loughhead SM et al (2012) Constitutively active ezrin increases membrane tension, slows migration, and impedes endothelial transmigration of lymphocytes in vivo in mice. Blood 119:445\u2013453","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1038\/342929a0","volume":"342","author":"YJ Liu","year":"1989","unstructured":"Liu YJ, Joshua DE, Williams GT, Smith CA, Gordon J, MacLennan IC (1989) Mechanism of antigen-driven selection in germinal centres. Nature 342:929\u2013931","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.031","volume":"39","author":"M Locci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Locci M, Havenar-Daughton C, Landais E, Wu J, Kroenke MA et al (2013) Human circulating PD-1+CXCR3-CXCR5+ memory Tfh cells are highly functional and correlate with broadly neutralizing HIV antibody responses. Immunity 39:758\u2013769","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.07.015","volume":"35","author":"KT Lu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lu KT, Kanno Y, Cannons JL, Handon R, Bible P et al (2011) Functional and epigenetic studies reveal multistep differentiation and plasticity of in vitro-generated and in vivo-derived follicular T helper cells. Immunity 35:622\u2013632","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2008.50","volume":"5","author":"L Lu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lu L, Cantor H (2008) Generation and regulation of CD8(+) regulatory T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 5:401\u2013406","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luther SA, Tang HL, Hyman PL, Farr AG, Cyster JG (2000) Coexpression of the chemokines ELC and SLC by T zone stromal cells and deletion of the ELC gene in the plt\/plt mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:12694\u201312699","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.23.12694"},{"key":"6_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-392985","volume":"119","author":"CS Ma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ma CS, Avery DT, Chan A, Batten M, Bustamante J et al (2012) Functional STAT3 deficiency compromises the generation of human T follicular helper cells. Blood 119:3997\u20134008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20120994","volume":"209","author":"CS Ma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ma CS, Deenick EK, Batten M, Tangye SG (2012) The origins, function, and regulation of T follicular helper cells. J Exp Med 209:1241\u20131253","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141651","volume":"25","author":"CS Ma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ma CS, Nichols KE, Tangye SG (2007) Regulation of cellular and humoral immune responses by the SLAM and SAP families of molecules. Annu Rev Immunol 25:337\u2013379","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2009.64","volume":"87","author":"CS Ma","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ma CS, Suryani S, Avery DT, Chan A, Nanan R et al (2009) Early commitment of naive human CD4+ T cells to the T follicular helper (TFH) cell lineage is induced by IL-12. Immunol Cell Biol 87:590\u2013600","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"6_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636661","volume":"37","author":"S Mahajan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mahajan S, Cervera A, MacLeod M, Fillatreau S, Perona-Wright G et al (2007) The role of ICOS in the development of CD4 T cell help and the reactivation of memory T cells. Eur J Immunol 37:1796\u20131808","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1038\/ni947","volume":"4","author":"TW Mak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mak TW, Shahinian A, Yoshinaga SK, Wakeham A, Boucher LM et al (2003) Costimulation through the inducible costimulator ligand is essential for both T helper and B cell functions in T cell-dependent B cell responses. Nat Immunol 4:765\u2013772","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandl JN, Liou R, Klauschen F, Vrisekoop N, Monteiro JP et al (2012) Quantification of lymph node transit times reveals differences in antigen surveillance strategies of na\u00efve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 109:18036\u201318041","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1211717109"},{"key":"6_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090241","volume":"26","author":"G Martins","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martins G, Calame K (2008) Regulation and functions of Blimp-1 in T and B lymphocytes. Annu Rev Immunol 26:133\u2013169","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/35051107","volume":"409","author":"AJ McAdam","year":"2001","unstructured":"McAdam AJ, Greenwald RJ, Levin MA, Chernova T, Malenkovich N et al (2001) ICOS is critical for CD40-mediated antibody class switching. Nature 409:102\u2013105","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.2.817","volume":"178","author":"MM McCausland","year":"2007","unstructured":"McCausland MM, Yusuf I, Tran H, Ono N, Yanagi Y, Crotty S (2007) SAP regulation of follicular helper CD4 T cell development and humoral immunity is independent of SLAM and Fyn kinase. J Immunol 178:817\u2013828","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02238","volume":"427","author":"TR Mempel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mempel TR, Henrickson SE, Von Andrian UH (2004) T-cell priming by dendritic cells in lymph nodes occurs in three distinct phases. Nature 427:154\u2013159","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041236","volume":"200","author":"MJ Miller","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miller MJ, Safrina O, Parker I, Cahalan MD (2004) Imaging the single cell dynamics of CD4+ T cell activation by dendritic cells in lymph nodes. J Exp Med 200:847\u2013856","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2628040100","volume":"100","author":"MJ Miller","year":"2003","unstructured":"Miller MJ, Wei SH, Cahalan MD, Parker I (2003) Autonomous T cell trafficking examined in vivo with intravital two-photon microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci 100:2604\u20132609","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"6_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070051","volume":"296","author":"MJ Miller","year":"2002","unstructured":"Miller MJ, Wei SH, Parker I, Cahalan MD (2002) Two-photon imaging of lymphocyte motility and antigen response in intact lymph node. Science 296:1869\u20131873","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.07.013","volume":"21","author":"Y Minegishi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Minegishi Y (2009) Hyper-IgE syndrome. Curr Opin Immunol 21:487\u2013492","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4123","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901242","volume":"184","author":"A Mondal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mondal A, Sawant D, Dent AL (2010) Transcriptional repressor BCL6 controls Th17 responses by controlling gene expression in both T cells and macrophages. J Immunol 184:4123\u20134132","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.12.012","volume":"34","author":"R Morita","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morita R, Schmitt N, Bentebibel SE, Ranganathan R, Bourdery L et al (2011) Human blood CXCR5+CD4+ T cells are counterparts of T follicular cells and contain specific subsets that differentially support antibody secretion. Immunity 34:108\u2013121","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2588","volume":"9","author":"SN Mueller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mueller SN, Germain RN (2009) Stromal cell contributions to the homeostasis and functionality of the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 9:618\u2013629","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3180","volume":"19","author":"M Mues","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mues M, Bartholomaus I, Thestrup T, Griesbeck O, Wekerle H et al (2013) Real-time in vivo analysis of T cell activation in the central nervous system using a genetically encoded calcium indicator. Nat Med 19:778\u2013783","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"6_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.11.012","volume":"35","author":"S Nakayamada","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nakayamada S, Kanno Y, Takahashi H, Jankovic D, Lu KT et al (2011) Early Th1 cell differentiation is marked by a Tfh cell-like transition. Immunity 35:919\u2013931","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nichols KE, Harkin DP, Levitz S, Krainer M, Kolquist KA et al (1998) Inactivating mutations in an SH2 domain-encoding gene in X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:13765\u201313770","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.23.13765"},{"key":"6_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.2.566","volume":"160","author":"A Noble","year":"1998","unstructured":"Noble A, Zhao ZS, Cantor H (1998) Suppression of immune responses by CD8 cells. II. Qa-1 on activated B cells stimulates CD8 cell suppression of T helper 2 responses. J Immunol 160:566\u2013571","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.05.009","volume":"29","author":"RI Nurieva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nurieva RI, Chung Y, Hwang D, Yang XO, Kang HS et al (2008) Generation of T follicular helper cells is mediated by interleukin-21 but independent of T helper 1, 2, or 17 cell lineages. Immunity 29:138\u2013149","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176676","volume":"325","author":"RI Nurieva","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nurieva RI, Chung Y, Martinez GJ, Yang XO, Tanaka S et al (2009) Bcl6 mediates the development of T follicular helper cells. Science 325:1001\u20131005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00144-4","volume":"18","author":"RI Nurieva","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nurieva RI, Duong J, Kishikawa H, Dianzani U, Rojo JM et al (2003) Transcriptional regulation of th2 differentiation by inducible costimulator. Immunity 18:801\u2013811","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nurieva RI, Mai XM, Forbush K, Bevan MJ, Dong C (2003b) B7h is required for T cell activation, differentiation, and effector function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:14163\u201314168","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2335041100"},{"key":"6_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11234","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.324046","volume":"287","author":"RI Nurieva","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nurieva RI, Podd A, Chen Y, Alekseev AM, Yu M et al (2012) STAT5 negatively regulates T follicular helper (Tfh) cell generation and function. J Biol Chem 287:11234\u201311239","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20102144","volume":"208","author":"KJ Oestreich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oestreich KJ, Huang AC, Weinmann AS (2011) The lineage-defining factors T-bet and Bcl-6 collaborate to regulate Th1 gene expression patterns. J Exp Med 208:1001\u20131013","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2242","volume":"13","author":"KJ Oestreich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oestreich KJ, Mohn SE, Weinmann AS (2012) Molecular mechanisms that control the expression and activity of Bcl-6 in TH1 cells to regulate flexibility with a TFH-like gene profile. Nat Immunol 13:405\u2013411","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.2973","volume":"178","author":"T Okada","year":"2007","unstructured":"Okada T, Cyster JG (2007) CC chemokine receptor 7 contributes to Gi-dependent T cell motility in the lymph node. J Immunol 178:2973\u20132978","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e150","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030150","volume":"3","author":"T Okada","year":"2005","unstructured":"Okada T, Miller MJ, Parker I, Krummel MF, Neighbors M et al (2005) Antigen-engaged B cells undergo chemotaxis toward the T zone and form motile conjugates with helper T cells. PLoS Biol 3:e150","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"6_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5361","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.9.5361","volume":"173","author":"K Ozaki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ozaki K, Spolski R, Ettinger R, Kim HP, Wang G et al (2004) Regulation of B cell differentiation and plasma cell generation by IL-21, a novel inducer of Blimp-1 and Bcl-6. J Immunol 173:5361\u20135371","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077002","volume":"298","author":"K Ozaki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ozaki K, Spolski R, Feng CG, Qi CF, Cheng J et al (2002) A critical role for IL-21 in regulating immunoglobulin production. Science 298:1630\u20131634","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20121932","volume":"210","author":"M Perreau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perreau M, Savoye AL, De Crignis E, Corpataux JM, Cubas R et al (2013) Follicular helper T cells serve as the major CD4 T cell compartment for HIV-1 infection, replication, and production. J Exp Med 210:143\u2013156","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0904023","volume":"185","author":"AC Poholek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Poholek AC, Hansen K, Hernandez SG, Eto D, Chandele A et al (2010) In vivo regulation of Bcl6 and T follicular helper cell development. J Immunol 185:313\u2013326","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92004-8","volume":"1","author":"DT Purtilo","year":"1975","unstructured":"Purtilo DT, Cassel CK, Yang JP, Harper R (1975) X-linked recessive progressive combined variable immunodeficiency (Duncan\u2019s disease). Lancet 1:935\u2013940","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07345","volume":"455","author":"H Qi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Qi H, Cannons JL, Klauschen F, Schwartzberg PL, Germain RN (2008) SAP-controlled T-B cell interactions underlie germinal centre formation. Nature 455:764\u2013769","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636136","volume":"36","author":"AU Rasheed","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rasheed AU, Rahn HP, Sallusto F, Lipp M, Muller G (2006) Follicular B helper T cell activity is confined to CXCR5hiICOShi CD4 T cells and is independent of CD57 expression. Eur J Immunol 36:1892\u20131903","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/416094a","volume":"416","author":"K Reif","year":"2002","unstructured":"Reif K, Ekland EH, Ohl L, Nakano H, Lipp M et al (2002) Balanced responsiveness to chemoattractants from adjacent zones determines B-cell position. Nature 416:94\u201399","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1715","volume":"10","author":"RL Reinhardt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reinhardt RL, Liang HE, Locksley RM (2009) Cytokine-secreting follicular T cells shape the antibody repertoire. Nat Immunol 10:385\u2013393","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riley JL, Mao M, Kobayashi S, Biery M, Burchard J et al (2002) Modulation of TCR-induced transcriptional profiles by ligation of CD28, ICOS, and CTLA-4 receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:11790\u201311795","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.162359999"},{"key":"6_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2496","volume":"14","author":"PT Sage","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sage PT, Francisco LM, Carman CV, Sharpe AH (2013) The receptor PD-1 controls follicular regulatory T cells in the lymph nodes and blood. Nat Immunol 14:152\u2013161","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.09.001","volume":"170","author":"R Saito","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saito R, Onodera H, Tago H, Suzuki Y, Shimizu M et al (2005) Altered expression of chemokine receptor CXCR5 on T cells of myasthenia gravis patients. J Neuroimmunol 170:172\u2013178","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"6_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/26683","volume":"395","author":"J Sayos","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sayos J, Wu C, Morra M, Wang N, Zhang X et al (1998) The X-linked lymphoproliferative-disease gene product SAP regulates signals induced through the co-receptor SLAM. Nature 395:462\u2013469","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.11.1553","volume":"192","author":"P Schaerli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schaerli P, Willimann K, Lang AB, Lipp M, Loetscher P, Moser B (2000) CXC chemokine receptor 5 expression defines follicular homing T cells with B cell helper function. J Exp Med 192:1553\u20131562","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05573","volume":"446","author":"TA Schwickert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schwickert TA, Lindquist RL, Shakhar G, Livshits G, Skokos D et al (2007) In vivo imaging of germinal centres reveals a dynamic open structure. Nature 446:83\u201387","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/nri727","volume":"2","author":"AH Sharpe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ (2002) The B7-CD28 superfamily. Nat Rev Immunol 2:116\u2013126","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5480","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.9.5480","volume":"166","author":"LM Shlapatska","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shlapatska LM, Mikhalap SV, Berdova AG, Zelensky OM, Yun TJ et al (2001) CD150 association with either the SH2-containing inositol phosphatase or the SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase is regulated by the adaptor protein SH2D1A. J Immunol 166:5480\u20135487","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241680","volume":"341","author":"Z Shulman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shulman Z, Gitlin AD, Targ S, Jankovic M, Pasqual G et al (2013) T follicular helper cell dynamics in germinal centers. Science 341:673\u2013677","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/art.25032","volume":"62","author":"N Simpson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Simpson N, Gatenby PA, Wilson A, Malik S, Fulcher DA et al (2010) Expansion of circulating T cells resembling follicular helper T cells is a fixed phenotype that identifies a subset of severe systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 62:234\u2013244","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"6_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2010.01.001","volume":"22","author":"TR Simpson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Simpson TR, Quezada SA, Allison JP (2010) Regulation of CD4 T cell activation and effector function by inducible costimulator (ICOS). Curr Opin Immunol 22:326\u2013332","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.4.2340","volume":"177","author":"AN Stachowiak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stachowiak AN, Wang Y, Huang YC, Irvine DJ (2006) Homeostatic lymphoid chemokines synergize with adhesion ligands to trigger T and B lymphocyte chemokinesis. J Immunol 177:2340\u20132348","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071065","volume":"296","author":"S Stoll","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stoll S, Delon J, Brotz TM, Germain RN (2002) Dynamic imaging of T cell-dendritic cell interactions in lymph nodes. Science 296:1873\u20131876","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80117-X","volume":"11","author":"MM Swallow","year":"1999","unstructured":"Swallow MM, Wallin JJ, Sha WC (1999) B7h, a novel costimulatory homolog of B7.1 and B7.2, is induced by TNF\u03b1. Immunity 11:423\u2013432","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.000515","volume":"7","author":"AK Szakal","year":"1989","unstructured":"Szakal AK, Kosco MH, Tew JG (1989) Microanatomy of lymphoid tissue during humoral immune responses: structure function relationships. Annu Rev Immunol 7:91\u2013109","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636449","volume":"37","author":"B Tackenberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tackenberg B, Kruth J, Bartholomaeus JE, Schlegel K, Oertel WH et al (2007) Clonal expansions of CD4+ B helper T cells in autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Eur J Immunol 37:849\u2013863","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/35051113","volume":"409","author":"A Tafuri","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tafuri A, Shahinian A, Bladt F, Yoshinaga SK, Jordana M et al (2001) ICOS is essential for effective T-helper-cell responses. Nature 409:105\u2013109","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103501","volume":"188","author":"E Tonti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tonti E, Fedeli M, Napolitano A, Iannacone M, von Andrian UH et al (2012) Follicular helper NKT cells induce limited B cell responses and germinal center formation in the absence of CD4+ T cell help. J Immunol 188:3217\u20133222","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-06-166249","volume":"113","author":"E Tonti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tonti E, Galli G, Malzone C, Abrignani S, Casorati G, Dellabona P (2009) NKT-cell help to B lymphocytes can occur independently of cognate interaction. Blood 113:370\u2013376","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1169152","volume":"323","author":"M Tsuji","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tsuji M, Komatsu N, Kawamoto S, Suzuki K, Kanagawa O et al (2009) Preferential generation of follicular B helper T cells from Foxp3+ T cells in gut Peyer\u2019s patches. Science 323:1488\u20131492","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.5.1555","volume":"178","author":"AJ Van den Eertwegh","year":"1993","unstructured":"Van den Eertwegh AJ, Noelle RJ, Roy M, Shepherd DM, Aruffo A et al (1993) In vivo CD40-gp39 interactions are essential for thymus-dependent humoral immunity. I. In vivo expression of CD40 ligand, cytokines, and antibody production delineates sites of cognate T-B cell interactions. J Exp Med 178:1555\u20131565","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/378620a0","volume":"378","author":"D van Essen","year":"1995","unstructured":"van Essen D, Kikutani H, Gray D (1995) CD40 ligand-transduced co-stimulation of T cells in the development of helper function. Nature 378:620\u2013623","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3384","volume":"13","author":"P Vantourout","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vantourout P, Hayday A (2013) Six-of-the-best: unique contributions of gammadelta T cells to immunology. Nat Rev Immunol 13:88\u2013100","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4304","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.7.4304","volume":"178","author":"D Vermijlen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vermijlen D, Ellis P, Langford C, Klein A, Engel R et al (2007) Distinct cytokine-driven responses of activated blood T Cells: insights into unconventional T cell pleiotropy. J Immunol 178:4304\u20134314","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-415380","volume":"120","author":"GD Victora","year":"2012","unstructured":"Victora GD, Dominguez-Sola D, Holmes AB, Deroubaix S, Dalla-Favera R, Nussenzweig MC (2012) Identification of human germinal center light and dark zone cells and their relationship to human B-cell lymphomas. Blood 120:2240\u20132248","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.10.032","volume":"143","author":"GD Victora","year":"2010","unstructured":"Victora GD, Schwickert TA, Fooksman DR, Kamphorst AO, Meyer-Hermann M et al (2010) Germinal center dynamics revealed by multiphoton microscopy with a photoactivatable fluorescent reporter. Cell 143:592\u2013605","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"6_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03555","volume":"435","author":"CG Vinuesa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vinuesa CG, Cook MC, Angelucci C, Athanasopoulos V, Rui L et al (2005) A RING-type ubiquitin ligase family member required to repress follicular helper T cells and autoimmunity. Nature 435:452\u2013458","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.11.001","volume":"35","author":"CG Vinuesa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vinuesa CG, Cyster JG (2011) How T cells earn the follicular rite of passage. Immunity 35:671\u2013680","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.12.004","volume":"38","author":"KU Vogel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vogel KU, Edelmann SL, Jeltsch KM, Bertossi A, Heger K et al (2013) Roquin paralogs 1 and 2 redundantly repress the Icos and Ox40 costimulator mRNAs and control follicular helper T cell differentiation. Immunity 38:655\u2013668","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.06.001","volume":"29","author":"A Vogelzang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vogelzang A, McGuire HM, Yu D, Sprent J, Mackay CR, King C (2008) A fundamental role for interleukin-21 in the generation of T follicular helper cells. Immunity 29:127\u2013137","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2014.01.007","volume":"28","author":"EE Vomhof-DeKrey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vomhof-DeKrey EE, Yates J, Leadbetter EA (2014) Invariant NKT cells provide innate and adaptive help for B cells. Curr Opin Immunol 28:12\u201317","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(00)01636-4","volume":"21","author":"LS Walker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Walker LS, Gulbranson-Judge A, Flynn S, Brocker T, Lane PJ (2000) Co-stimulation and selection for T-cell help for germinal centres: the role of CD28 and OX40. Immunol Today 21:333\u2013337","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"6_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.8.1115","volume":"190","author":"LS Walker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Walker LS, Gulbranson-Judge A, Flynn S, Brocker T, Raykundalia C et al (1999) Compromised OX40 function in CD28-deficient mice is linked with failure to develop CXC chemokine receptor 5-positive CD4 cells and germinal centers. J Exp Med 190:1115\u20131122","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang C, Sanders CM, Yang Q, Schroeder HW, Jr., Wang E et al (2010) High throughput sequencing reveals a complex pattern of dynamic interrelationships among human T cell subsets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:1518\u20131523","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913939107"},{"key":"6_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-07-2955","volume":"107","author":"K Warnatz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Warnatz K, Bossaller L, Salzer U, Skrabl-Baumgartner A, Schwinger W et al (2006) Human ICOS deficiency abrogates the germinal center reaction and provides a monogenic model for common variable immunodeficiency. Blood 107:3045\u20133052","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.1.400","volume":"179","author":"B Wei","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wei B, da Rocha Dias S, Wang H, Rudd CE (2007) CTL-associated antigen-4 ligation induces rapid T cell polarization that depends on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Vav-1, Cdc42, and myosin light chain kinase. J Immunol 179:400\u2013408","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4612","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00234-09","volume":"29","author":"F Wei","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wei F, Zaprazna K, Wang J, Atchison ML (2009) PU.1 can recruit BCL6 to DNA to repress gene expression in germinal center B cells. Mol Cell Biol 29:4612\u20134622","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"6_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802501","volume":"182","author":"JK Whitmire","year":"2009","unstructured":"Whitmire JK, Asano MS, Kaech SM, Sarkar S, Hannum LG et al (2009) Requirement of B cells for generating CD4+ T cell memory. J Immunol 182:1868\u20131876","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3194","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.6.3194","volume":"163","author":"JK Whitmire","year":"1999","unstructured":"Whitmire JK, Flavell RA, Grewal IS, Larsen CP, Pearson TC, Ahmed R (1999) CD40\u2013CD40 ligand costimulation is required for generating antiviral CD4 T cell responses but is dispensable for CD8 T cell responses. J Immunol 163:3194\u20133201","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s002510000215","volume":"51","author":"C Wu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wu C, Sayos J, Wang N, Howie D, Coyle A, Terhorst C (2000) Genomic organization and characterization of mouse SAP, the gene that is altered in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease. Immunogenetics 51:805\u2013815","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"6_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12058","volume":"496","author":"H Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu H, Li X, Liu D, Li J, Zhang X et al (2013) Follicular T-helper cell recruitment governed by bystander B cells and ICOS-driven motility. Nature 496:523\u2013527","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7118","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.12.7118","volume":"273","author":"R Yoshida","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yoshida R (1998) Secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine is a functional ligand for the CC chemokine receptor CCR7. J Biol Chem 273:7118\u20137122","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/45582","volume":"402","author":"SK Yoshinaga","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yoshinaga SK, Whoriskey JS, Khare SD, Sarmiento U, Guo J et al (1999) T-cell co-stimulation through B7RP-1 and ICOS. Nature 402:827\u2013832","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.07.002","volume":"31","author":"D Yu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yu D, Rao S, Tsai LM, Lee SK, He Y et al (2009) The transcriptional repressor Bcl-6 directs T follicular helper cell lineage commitment. Immunity 31:457\u2013468","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903505","volume":"185","author":"I Yusuf","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yusuf I, Kageyama R, Monticelli L, Johnston RJ, Ditoro D et al (2010) Germinal center T follicular helper cell IL-4 production is dependent on signaling lymphocytic activation molecule receptor (CD150). J Immunol 185:190\u2013202","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090303","volume":"206","author":"AG Zaretsky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zaretsky AG, Taylor JJ, King IL, Marshall FA, Mohrs M, Pearce EJ (2009) T follicular helper cells differentiate from Th2 cells in response to helminth antigens. J Exp Med 206:991\u2013999","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.05.017","volume":"36","author":"F Zhao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhao F, Cannons JL, Dutta M, Griffiths GM, Schwartzberg PL (2012) Positive and negative signaling through SLAM receptors regulate synapse organization and thresholds of cytolysis. Immunity 36:1003\u20131016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2003","volume":"97","author":"C Zhu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhu C, Ma J, Liu Y, Tong J, Tian J et al (2012) Increased frequency of follicular helper T cells in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 97:943\u2013950","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism"},{"key":"6_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-078154","volume":"112","author":"J Zhu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhu J, Paul WE (2008) CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults. Blood 112:1557\u20131569","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-030409-101212","volume":"28","author":"J Zhu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhu J, Yamane H, Paul WE (2010) Differentiation of effector CD4 T cell populations. Annu Rev Immunol 28:445\u2013489","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091777","volume":"207","author":"D Zotos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zotos D, Coquet JM, Zhang Y, Light A, D\u2019Costa K et al (2010) IL-21 regulates germinal center B cell differentiation and proliferation through a B cell-intrinsic mechanism. J Exp Med 207:365\u2013378","journal-title":"J Exp Med"}],"container-title":["Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","T Helper Cell Differentiation and Their Function"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-94-017-9487-9_6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T22:27:38Z","timestamp":1676413658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-94-017-9487-9_6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"ISBN":["9789401794862","9789401794879"],"references-count":225,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-017-9487-9_6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2598","2214-8019"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2598","type":"print"},{"value":"2214-8019","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 September 2014","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}