{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:03:54Z","timestamp":1790424234684,"version":"4.1.0"},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":101,"publisher":"Springer Singapore","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789811312854","type":"print"},{"value":"9789811312861","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-1286-1_8","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,2]],"date-time":"2018-11-02T07:57:21Z","timestamp":1541145441000},"page":"145-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["The Leptin Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Jiarui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruimao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.01.002","volume":"15","author":"MG Myers Jr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Myers MG Jr, Heymsfield SB, Haft C, Kahn BB, Laughlin M, Leibel RL, Tsch\u00f6p MH, Yanovski JA (2012) Challenges and opportunities of defining clinical leptin resistance. Cell Metab 15(2):150\u2013156","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"8_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3485","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.8.6154","volume":"139","author":"C Bj\u00f8rbaek","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rbaek C, Elmquist JK, Michl P, Ahima RS, van Bueren A, McCall AL, Flier JS (1998) Expression of leptin receptor isoforms in rat brain microvessels. Endocrinology 139(8):3485\u20133491","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(96)00025-3","volume":"17","author":"WA Banks","year":"1996","unstructured":"Banks WA, Kastin AJ, Huang W, Jaspan JB, Maness LM (1996) Leptin enters the brain by a saturable system independent of insulin. Peptides 17(2):305\u2013311","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22584","volume":"49","author":"E Elinav","year":"2009","unstructured":"Elinav E, Ali M, Bruck R, Brazowski E, Phillips A, Shapira Y, Katz M, Solomon G, Halpern Z, Gertler A (2009) Competitive inhibition of leptin signaling results in amelioration of liver fibrosis through modulation of stellate cell function. Hepatology 49(1):278\u2013286","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81294-5","volume":"84","author":"H Chen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chen H, Charlat O, Tartaglia LA, Woolf EA, Weng X, Ellis SJ, Lakey ND, Culpepper J, Moore KJ, Breitbart RE, Duyk GM, Tepper RI, Morgenstern JP (1996) Evidence that the diabetes gene encodes the leptin receptor: identification of a mutation in the leptin receptor gene in db\/db mice. Cell 84(3):491\u2013495","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"15","key":"8_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.05.060","volume":"52","author":"SS Martin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martin SS, Qasim A, Reilly MP (2008) Leptin resistance: a possible interface of inflammation and metabolism in obesity-related cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 52(15):1201\u20131210","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"8_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000465","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000465","volume":"8","author":"ER Ropelle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ropelle ER, Flores MB, Cintra DE, Rocha GZ, Pauli JR, Morari J, de Souza CT, Moraes JC, Prada PO, Guadagnini D, Marin RM, Oliveira AG, Augusto TM, Carvalho HF, Velloso LA, Saad MJ, Carvalheira JB (2010) IL-6 and IL-10 anti-inflammatory activity links exercise to hypothalamic insulin and leptin sensitivity through IKKbeta and ER stress inhibition. PLoS Biol 8(8):e1000465","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"42","key":"8_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30059","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.42.30059","volume":"274","author":"C Bj\u00f8rbaek","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rbaek C, El-Haschimi K, Frantz JD, Flier JS (1999) The role of SOCS-3 in leptin signaling and leptin resistance. J Biol Chem 274(42):30059\u201330065","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.12.004","volume":"9","author":"L Ozcan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ozcan L, Ergin AS, Lu A, Chung J, Sarkar S, Nie D, Myers MG Jr, Ozcan U (2009) Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a central role in development of leptin resistance. Cell Metab 9(1):35\u201351","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.24","volume":"17","author":"B Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu B, Xie X (2016) Neurotrophic factor control of satiety and body weight. Nat Rev Neurosci 17(5):282\u2013292","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"8_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2687","volume":"18","author":"GY Liao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liao GY, An JJ, Gharami K, Waterhouse EG, Vanevski F, Jones KR, Xu B (2012) Dendritically targeted Bdnf mRNA is essential for energy balance and response to leptin. Nat Med 18(4):564\u2013571","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"8_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.08.013","volume":"10","author":"A Kleinridders","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kleinridders A, Schenten D, K\u00f6nner AC, Belgardt BF, Mauer J, Okamura T, Wunderlich FT, Medzhitov R, Br\u00fcning JC (2009) MyD88 signaling in the CNS is required for development of fatty acid-induced leptin resistance and diet-induced obesity. Cell Metab 10(4):249\u2013259","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.01.016","volume":"13","author":"M Fukuda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fukuda M, Williams KW, Gautron L, Elmquist JK (2011) Induction of leptin resistance by activation of cAMP-Epac signaling. Cell Metab 13(3):331\u2013339","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01227-12","volume":"33","author":"J Yan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yan J, Mei FC, Cheng H, Lao DH, Hu Y, Wei J, Patrikeev I, Hao D, Stutz SJ, Dineley KT, Motamedi M, Hommel JD, Cunningham KA, Chen J, Cheng X (2013) Enhanced leptin sensitivity, reduced adiposity, and improved glucose homeostasis in mice lacking exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP isoform 1. Mol Cell Biol 33(5):918\u2013926","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.208","volume":"41","author":"M Hwang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hwang M, Go Y, Park JH, Shin SK, Song SE, Oh BC, Im SS, Hwang I, Jeon YH, Lee IK, Seino S, Song DK (2017) Epac2a-null mice exhibit obesity-prone nature more susceptible to leptin resistance. Int J Obes 41(2):279\u2013288","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-3072-0","volume":"57","author":"X Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang X, Lacza Z, Sun YE, Han W (2014) Leptin resistance and obesity in mice with deletion of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Diabetologia 57(1):236\u2013245","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"8_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3334","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1817","volume":"63","author":"L Weissmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weissmann L, Quaresma PG, Santos AC, de Matos AH, Pascoal VD, Zanotto TM, Castro G, Guadagnini D, da Silva JM, Velloso LA, Bittencourt JC, Lopes-Cendes I, Saad MJ, Prada PO (2014) IKK epsilon is key to induction of insulin resistance in the hypothalamus and its inhibition reverses obesity. Diabetes 63(10):3334\u20133345","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0822","volume":"58","author":"K Rahmouni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rahmouni K, Sigmund CD, Haynes WG, Mark AL (2009) Hypothalamic ERK mediates the anorectic and thermogenic sympathetic effects of leptin. Diabetes 58(3):536\u2013542","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.12.015","volume":"19","author":"E Balland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balland E, Dam J, Langlet F, Caron E, Steculorum S, Messina A, Rasika S, Falluel-Morel A, Anouar Y, Dehouck B, Trinquet E, Jockers R, Bouret SG, Pr\u00e9vot V (2014) Hypothalamic tanycytes are an ERK-gated conduit for leptin into the brain. Cell Metab 19(2):293\u2013301","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.09.003","volume":"155","author":"M Schneeberger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schneeberger M, Dietrich MO, Sebasti\u00e1n D, Imbern\u00f3n M, Casta\u00f1o C, Garcia A, Esteban Y, Gonzalez-Franquesa A, Rodr\u00edguez IC, Bortolozzi A, Garcia-Roves PM, Gomis R, Nogueiras R, Horvath TL, Zorzano A, Claret M (2013) Mitofusin 2 in POMC neurons connects ER stress with leptin resistance and energy imbalance. Cell 155(1):172\u2013187","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"8_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23813","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.23813","volume":"6","author":"N Rocha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rocha N, Bulger DA, Frontini A, Titheradge H, Gribsholt SB, Knox R, Page M, Harris J, Payne F, Adams C, Sleigh A, Crawford J, Gjesing AP, Bork-Jensen J, Pedersen O, Barroso I, Hansen T, Cox H, Reilly M, Rossor A, Brown RJ, Taylor SI, McHale D, Armstrong M, Oral EA, Saudek V, O\u2019Rahilly S, Maher ER, Richelsen B, Savage DB, Semple RK (2017) Human biallelic MFN2 mutations induce mitochondrial dysfunction, upper body adipose hyperplasia, and suppression of leptin expression. Elife 6:e23813","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.02.017","volume":"13","author":"L Rousso-Noori","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rousso-Noori L, Knobler H, Levy-Apter E, Kuperman Y, Neufeld-Cohen A, Keshet Y, Akepati VR, Klinghoffer RA, Chen A, Elson A (2011) Protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon affects body weight by downregulating leptin signaling in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Cell Metab 13(5):562\u2013572","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.09.011","volume":"14","author":"K Loh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Loh K, Fukushima A, Zhang X, Galic S, Briggs D, Enriori PJ, Simonds S, Wiede F, Reichenbach A, Hauser C, Sims NA, Bence KK, Zhang S, Zhang ZY, Kahn BB, Neel BG, Andrews ZB, Cowley MA, Tiganis T (2011) Elevated hypothalamic TCPTP in obesity contributes to cellular leptin resistance. Cell Metab 14(5):684\u2013699","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"8_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10782","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10782","volume":"7","author":"DG Kabra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kabra DG, Pfuhlmann K, Garc\u00eda-C\u00e1ceres C, Schriever SC, Casquero Garc\u00eda V, Kebede AF, Fuente-Martin E, Trivedi C, Heppner K, Uhlenhaut NH, Legutko B, Kabra UD, Gao Y, Yi CX, Quarta C, Clemmensen C, Finan B, M\u00fcller TD, Meyer CW, Paez-Pereda M, Stemmer K, Woods SC, Perez-Tilve D, Schneider R, Olson EN, Tsch\u00f6p MH, Pfluger PT (2016) Hypothalamic leptin action is mediated by histone deacetylase 5. Nat Commun 7:10782","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.04.013","volume":"23","author":"T Djogo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Djogo T, Robins SC, Schneider S, Kryzskaya D, Liu X, Mingay A, Gillon CJ, Kim JH, Storch KF, Boehm U, Bourque CW, Stroh T, Dimou L, Kokoeva MV (2016) Adult NG2-Glia are required for median eminence-mediated leptin sensing and body weight control. Cell Metab 23(5):797\u2013810","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"8_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40397","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40397","volume":"7","author":"K Matoba","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matoba K, Muramatsu R, Yamashita T (2017) Leptin sustains spontaneous remyelination in the adult central nervous system. Sci Rep 7:40397","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"8_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4145","volume":"22","author":"J Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee J, Liu J, Feng X, Salazar Hern\u00e1ndez MA, Mucka P, Ibi D, Choi JW, Ozcan U (2016) Withaferin A is a leptin sensitizer with strong antidiabetic properties in mice. Nat Med 22(9):1023\u20131032","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"8_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1837","volume":"6","author":"A Ostman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ostman A, Hellberg C, B\u00f6hmer FD (2006) Protein-tyrosine phosphatases and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 6(4):307\u2013320","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11627","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12070-7","volume":"7","author":"T Shintani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shintani T, Higashi S, Suzuki R, Takeuchi Y, Ikaga R, Yamazaki T, Kobayashi K, Noda M (2017) PTPRJ inhibits leptin signaling, and induction of PTPRJ in the hypothalamus is a cause of the development of leptin resistance. Sci Rep 7(1):11627","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"8_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.10.045","volume":"9","author":"E Tsaousidou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsaousidou E, Paeger L, Belgardt BF, Pal M, Wunderlich CM, Br\u00f6nneke H, Collienne U, Hampel B, Wunderlich FT, Schmidt-Supprian M, Kloppenburg P, Br\u00fcning JC (2014) Distinct roles for JNK and IKK activation in Agouti-related peptide neurons in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Rep 9(4):1495\u20131506","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"8_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41795","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41795","volume":"7","author":"S Gao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gao S, Howard S, LoGrasso PV (2017) Pharmacological inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase reduces food intake and sensitizes leptin\u2019s anorectic signaling actions. Sci Rep 7:41795","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10031","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.10031","volume":"5","author":"S Vernia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vernia S, Morel C, Madara JC, Cavanagh-Kyros J, Barrett T, Chase K, Kennedy NJ, Jung DY, Kim JK, Aronin N, Flavell RA, Lowell BB, Davis RJ (2016) Excitatory transmission onto AgRP neurons is regulated by cJun NH2-terminal kinase 3 in response to metabolic stress. elife 5:e10031","journal-title":"elife"},{"issue":"11","key":"8_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0335","volume":"58","author":"J Seo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Seo J, Fortuno ES 3rd, Suh JM, Stenesen D, Tang W, Parks EJ, Adams CM, Townes T, Graff JM (2009) Atf4 regulates obesity, glucose homeostasis, and energy expenditure. Diabetes 58(11):2565\u20132573","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0954","volume":"66","author":"J Deng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deng J, Yuan F, Guo Y, Xiao Y, Niu Y, Deng Y, Han X, Guan Y, Chen S, Guo F (2017) Deletion of ATF4 in AgRP neurons promotes fat loss mainly via increasing energy expenditure. Diabetes 66(3):640\u2013650","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1546","volume":"66","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xiao Y, Deng Y, Yuan F, Xia T, Liu H, Li Z, Liu Z, Ying H, Liu Y, Zhai Q, Chen S, Guo F (2017) ATF4\/ATG5 signaling in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons regulates fat mass via affecting energy expenditure. Diabetes 66(5):1146\u20131158","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"19","key":"8_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7796","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1210192110","volume":"110","author":"NF Berbari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berbari NF, Pasek RC, Malarkey EB, Yazdi SM, McNair AD, Lewis WR, Nagy TR, Kesterson RA, Yoder BK, Malarkey et al (2013) Leptin resistance is a secondary consequence of the obesity in ciliopathy mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(19):7796\u20137801","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.04.009","volume":"19","author":"G Stratigopoulos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stratigopoulos G, Martin Carli JF, O\u2019Day DR, Wang L, Leduc CA, Lanzano P2, Chung WK, Rosenbaum M, Egli D, Doherty DA, Leibel RL (2014) Hypomorphism for RPGRIP1L, a ciliary gene vicinal to the FTO locus, causes increased adiposity in mice. Cell Metab 19(5):767\u2013779","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI85526","volume":"126","author":"G Stratigopoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stratigopoulos G, Burnett LC, Rausch R, Gill R, Penn DB, Skowronski AA, LeDuc CA, Lanzano AJ, Zhang P, Storm DR, Egli D, Leibel RL (2016) Hypomorphism of Fto and Rpgrip1l causes obesity in mice. J Clin Invest 126(5):1897\u20131910","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"38","key":"8_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16673","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911832107","volume":"107","author":"M Mainardi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mainardi M, Scabia G, Vottari T, Santini F, Pinchera A, Maffei L, Pizzorusso T, Maffei M (2010) A sensitive period for environmental regulation of eating behavior and leptin sensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(38):16673\u201316678","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.05.029","volume":"142","author":"L Cao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cao L, Liu X, Lin EJ, Wang C, Choi EY, Riban V, Lin B, During MJ (2010) Environmental and genetic activation of a brain-adipocyte BDNF\/leptin axis causes cancer remission and inhibition. Cell 142(1):52\u201364","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.03.003","volume":"189","author":"J Beltowski","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beltowski J (2006) Leptin and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 189(1):47\u201360","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2000.41.1.68","volume":"41","author":"SM Kang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kang SM, Kwon HM, Hong BK, Kim D, Kim IJ, Choi EY, Jang Y, Kim HS, Kim MS, Kwon HC (2000) Expression of leptin receptor (Ob-R) in human atherosclerotic lesions: potential role in intimal neovascularization. Yonsei Med J 41(1):68\u201375","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"8_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215693","volume":"110","author":"IS Farooqi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Farooqi IS, Matarese G, Lord GM, Keogh JM, Lawrence E, Agwu C, Sanna V, Jebb SA, Perna F, Fontana S, Lechler RI, DePaoli AM, O\u2019Rahilly S (2002) Beneficial effects of leptin on obesity, T cell hyporesponsiveness, and neuroendocrine\/metabolic dysfunction of human congenital leptin deficiency. J Clin Invest 110(8):1093\u20131103","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45","volume":"107","author":"TA Pearson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW, Anderson JL, Cannon RO 3rd, Criqui M, Fadl YY, Fortmann SP, Hong Y, Myers GL, Rifai N, Smith SC Jr, Taubert K, Tracy RP, Vinicor F, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; American Heart Association (2003) Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation 107(3):499\u2013511","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR45","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"QL Lam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lam QL, Lu L (2007) Role of leptin in immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 4(1):1\u201313","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"8_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e302","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.148353","volume":"27","author":"P Singh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Singh P, Hoffmann M, Wolk R, Shamsuzzaman AS, Somers VK (2007) Leptin induces C-reactive protein expression in vascular endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 27(9):e302\u2013e307","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"16","key":"8_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000096055.62724.C5","volume":"108","author":"P Calabr\u00f3","year":"2003","unstructured":"Calabr\u00f3 P, Willerson JT, Yeh ET (2003) Inflammatory cytokines stimulated C-reactive protein production by human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Circulation 108(16):1930\u20131932","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"25","key":"8_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040967","volume":"351","author":"JK Pai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pai JK, Pischon T, Ma J, Manson JE, Hankinson SE, Joshipura K, Curhan GC, Rifai N, Cannuscio CC, Stampfer MJ, Rimm EB (2004) Inflammatory markers and the risk of coronary heart disease in men and women. N Engl J Med 351(25):2599\u20132610","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1160\/TH09-06-0392","volume":"103","author":"P Cirillo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cirillo P, Angri V, De Rosa S, Cal\u00ec G, Petrillo G, Maresca F, D\u2019Ascoli GL, Maietta P, Brevetti L, Chiariello M (2010) Pro-atherothrombotic effects of leptin in human coronary endothelial cells. Thromb Haemost 103(5):1065\u20131075","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"22","key":"8_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018226","volume":"132","author":"AC Huby","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huby AC, Antonova G, Groenendyk J, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Bollag WB, Filosa JA, Belin de Chantem\u00e8le EJ (2015) Adipocyte-derived hormone leptin is a direct regulator of aldosterone secretion, which promotes endothelial dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis. Circulation 132(22):2134\u20132145","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"15","key":"8_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.05.060","volume":"52","author":"SS Martin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martin SS, Qasim A, Reilly MP (2008) A possible interface of inflammation and metabolism in obesity-related cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 52(15):1201\u20131210","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5223","key":"8_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7624776","volume":"269","author":"MA Pelleymounter","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pelleymounter MA, Cullen MJ, Baker MB, Hecht R, Winters D, Boone T, Collins F (1995) Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob\/ob mice. Science 269(5223):540\u2013543","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"8_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909163411204","volume":"341","author":"IS Farooqi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Farooqi IS, Jebb SA, Langmack G, Lawrence E, Cheetham CH, Prentice AM, Hughes IA, McCamish MA, O\u2019Rahilly S (1999) Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency. N Engl J Med 341(12):879\u2013884","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00335.x","volume":"6","author":"CS Mantzoros","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mantzoros CS, Liolios AD, Tritos NA, Kaklamani VG, Doulgerakis DE, Griveas I, Moses AC, Flier JS (1998) Circulating insulin concentrations, smoking, and alcohol intake are important independent predictors of leptin in young healthy men. Obes Res 6(3):179\u2013186","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1059","volume":"224","author":"TJ Kieffer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kieffer TJ, Heller RS, Habener JF (1996) Leptin receptors expressed on pancreatic beta-cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 224(2):522\u2013527","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR56","first-page":"670","volume":"84","author":"J Seufert","year":"1999","unstructured":"Seufert J, Kieffer TJ, Leech CA, Holz GG, Moritz W, Ricordi C, Habener JF (1999) Leptin suppression of insulin secretion and gene expression in human pancreatic islets: implications for the development of adipogenic diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84(2):670\u2013676","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"8_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.09.005","volume":"4","author":"SD Covey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Covey SD, Wideman RD, McDonald C, Unniappan S, Huynh F, Asadi A, Speck M, Webber T, Chua SC, Kieffer TJ (2006) The pancreatic beta cell is a key site for mediating the effects of leptin on glucose homeostasis. Cell Metab 4(4):291\u2013302","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI3920","volume":"102","author":"AZ Zhao","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zhao AZ, Bornfeldt KE, Beavo JA (1998) Leptin inhibits insulin secretion by activation of phosphodiesterase 3B. J Clin Invest 102(5):869\u2013873","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2004.12.004","volume":"1","author":"R Coppari","year":"2005","unstructured":"Coppari R, Ichinose M, Lee CE, Pullen AE, Kenny CD, McGovern RA, Tang V, Liu SM, Ludwig T, Chua SC Jr, Lowell BB, Elmquist JK (2005) The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus: a key site for mediating leptin\u2019s effects on glucose homeostasis and locomotor activity. Cell Metab 1(1):63\u201372","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"8_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4874","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0454","volume":"150","author":"JW Hill","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hill JW, Xu Y, Preitner F, Fukuda M, Cho YR, Luo J, Balthasar N, Coppari R, Cantley LC, Kahn BB, Zhao JJ, Elmquist JK (2009) Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase signaling in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons contributes to the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Endocrinology 150(11):4874\u20134882","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"8_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.04.010","volume":"7","author":"GH Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves GH, Li W, Garcia AV, Figueiredo MS, Bj\u00f8rb\u00e6k C (2014) Hypothalamic agouti-related peptide neurons and the central melanocortin system are crucial mediators of leptin\u2019s antidiabetic actions. Cell Rep 7(4):1093\u20131103","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"8_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3579","volume":"20","author":"RJ Perry","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perry RJ, Zhang XM, Zhang D, Kumashiro N, Camporez JP, Cline GW, Rothman DL, Shulman GI (2014) Leptin reverses diabetes by suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Nat Med 20(7):759\u2013763","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"37","key":"8_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806993105","volume":"105","author":"X Yu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yu X, Park BH, Wang MY, Wang ZV, Unger RH (2008) Making insulin-deficient type 1 diabetic rodents thrive without insulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(37):14070\u201314075","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"40","key":"8_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17391","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008025107","volume":"107","author":"T Fujikawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fujikawa T, Chuang JC, Sakata I, Ramadori G, Coppari R (2010) Leptin therapy improves insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes by CNS-dependent mechanisms in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(40):17391\u201317396","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"8_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.10.058","volume":"159","author":"SE Simonds","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simonds SE, Pryor JT, Ravussin E, Greenway FL, Dileone R, Allen AM, Bassi J, Elmquist JK, Keogh JM, Henning E, Myers MG Jr, Licinio J, Brown RD, Enriori PJ, O\u2019Rahilly S, Sternson SM, Grove KL, Spanswick DC, Farooqi IS, Cowley MA (2014) Leptin mediates the increase in blood pressure associated with obesity. Cell 159(6):1404\u20131416","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1455","volume":"8","author":"RD Cone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cone RD (2005) Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system. Nat Neurosci 8(5):571\u2013578","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"14","key":"8_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5998","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-14-05998.2003","volume":"23","author":"K Rahmouni","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rahmouni K, Haynes WG, Morgan DA, Mark AL (2003) Role of melanocortin-4 receptors in mediating renal sympathoactivation to leptin and insulin. J Neurosci 23(14):5998\u20136004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"8_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.2337\/db05-0624","volume":"55","author":"HR Patel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Patel HR, Qi Y, Hawkins EJ, Hileman SM, Elmquist JK, Imai Y, Ahima RS (2006) Neuropeptide Y deficiency attenuates responses to fasting and high-fat diet in obesity-prone mice. Diabetes 55(11):3091\u20133098","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"8_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000090097.22678.0A","volume":"42","author":"AJ Marsh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marsh AJ, Fontes MA, Killinger S, Pawlak DB, Polson JW, Dampney RA (2003) Cardiovascular responses evoked by leptin acting on neurons in the ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamus. Hypertension 42(4):488\u2013493","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.124255","volume":"53","author":"AL Mark","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mark AL, Agassandian K, Morgan DA, Liu X, Cassell MD, Rahmouni K (2009) Leptin signaling in the nucleus tractus solitarii increases sympathetic nerve activity to the kidney. Hypertension 53(2):375\u2013380","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06736","volume":"67","author":"B Xue","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xue B, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Guo F, Beltz TG, Thunhorst RL, Felder RB, Johnson AK (2016) Leptin mediates high-fat diet sensitization of angiotensin II-elicited hypertension by upregulating the brain renin-angiotensin system and inflammation. Hypertension 67(5):970\u2013976","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06642","volume":"67","author":"AC Huby","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huby AC, Otvos L Jr, Belin de Chantem\u00e8le EJ (2016) Leptin induces hypertension and endothelial dysfunction via aldosterone-dependent mechanisms in obese female mice. Hypertension 67(5):1020\u20131028","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.007","volume":"162","author":"RJ Brown","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brown RJ, Meehan CA, Gorden P (2015) Leptin does not mediate hypertension associated with human obesity. Cell 162(3):465\u2013466","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9612","key":"8_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60269-X","volume":"371","author":"AG Renehan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, Heller RF, Zwahlen M (2008) Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 371(9612):569\u2013578","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"8_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2010-0206","volume":"15","author":"MA Lichtman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lichtman MA (2010) Obesity and the risk for a hematological malignancy: leukemia, lymphoma, or myeloma. Oncologist 15(10):1083\u20131101","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"24","key":"8_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.886","volume":"301","author":"D Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li D, Morris JS, Liu J, Hassan MM, Day RS, Bondy ML, Abbruzzese JL (2009) Body mass index and risk, age of onset, and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. JAMA 301(24):2553\u20132562","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"20","key":"8_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9159","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0598","volume":"65","author":"D Shida","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shida D, Kitayama J, Mori K, Watanabe T, Nagawa H (2005) Transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor is involved in leptin-induced activation of janus-activated kinase 2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2 in human gastric cancer cells. Cancer Res 65(20):9159\u20139163","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"8_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3075","volume":"67","author":"NK Saxena","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saxena NK, Sharma D, Ding X, Lin S, Marra F, Merlin D, Anania FA (2007) Concomitant activation of the JAK\/STAT, PI3K\/AKT, and ERK signaling is involved in leptin-mediated promotion of invasion and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 67(6):2497\u20132507","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"8_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00607.x","volume":"10","author":"XF Huang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huang XF, Chen JZ (2009) Obesity, the PI3K\/Akt signal pathway and colon cancer. Obes Rev 10(6):610\u2013616","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"8_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113966","volume":"367","author":"A Pal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pal A, Barber TM, Van de Bunt M, Rudge SA, Zhang Q, Lachlan KL, Cooper NS, Linden H, Levy JC, Wakelam MJ, Walker L, Karpe F, Gloyn AL (2012) PTEN mutations as a cause of constitutive insulin sensitivity and obesity. N Engl J Med 367(11):1002\u20131011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"8_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21100","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4228","volume":"6","author":"S Kato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kato S, Abarzua-Catalan L, Trigo C, Delpiano A, Sanhueza C, Garc\u00eda K, Iba\u00f1ez C, Hormaz\u00e1bal K, Diaz D, Bra\u00f1es J, Castell\u00f3n E, Bravo E, Owen G, Cuello MA (2015) Leptin stimulates migration and invasion and maintains cancer stem-like properties in ovarian cancer cells: an explanation for poor outcomes in obese women. Oncotarget 6(25):21100\u201321119","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"34","key":"8_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35556","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5574","volume":"6","author":"H Alshaker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alshaker H, Sacco K, Alfraidi A, Muhammad A, Winkler M, Pchejetski D (2015) Leptin signalling, obesity and prostate cancer: molecular and clinical perspective on the old dilemma. Oncotarget 6(34):35556\u201335563","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200708197","volume":"181","author":"AK Nath","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nath AK, Brown RM, Michaud M, Sierra-Honigmann MR, Snyder M, Madri JA (2008) Leptin affects endocardial cushion formation by modulating EMT and migration via Akt signaling cascades. J Cell Biol 181(2):367\u2013380","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"8_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-015-0622-z","volume":"17","author":"AL Strong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Strong AL, Ohlstein JF, Biagas BA, Rhodes LV, Pei DT, Tucker HA, Llamas C, Bowles AC, Dutreil MF, Zhang S, Gimble JM, Burow ME, Bunnell BA (2015) Leptin produced by obese adipose stromal\/stem cells enhances proliferation and metastasis of estrogen receptor positive breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 17:112","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR85","first-page":"1341","volume":"86","author":"P Stattin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stattin P, S\u00f6derberg S, Hallmans G, Bylund A, Kaaks R, Stenman UH, Bergh A, Olsson T (2001) Leptin is associated with increased prostate cancer risk: a nested case-referent study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86(3):1341\u20131345","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"8_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1159\/000086988","volume":"68","author":"K Tamakoshi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tamakoshi K, Toyoshima H, Wakai K, Kojima M, Suzuki K, Watanabe Y, Hayakawa N, Yatsuya H, Kondo T, Tokudome S, Hashimoto S, Suzuki S, Kawado M, Ozasa K, Ito Y, Tamakoshi A (2005) Leptin is associated with an increased female colorectal cancer risk: a nested case-control study in Japan. Oncology 68(4\u20136):454\u2013461","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980330)76:1<25::AID-IJC5>3.0.CO;2-#","volume":"76","author":"P Lagiou","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lagiou P, Signorello LB, Trichopoulos D, Tzonou A, Trichopoulou A, Mantzoros CS (1998) Leptin in relation to prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Cancer 76(1):25\u201328","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"8_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990209)80:4<523::AID-IJC7>3.0.CO;2-C","volume":"80","author":"CS Mantzoros","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mantzoros CS, Bolhke K, Moschos S, Cramer DW (1999) Leptin in relation to carcinoma in situ of the breast: a study of pre-menopausal cases and controls. Int J Cancer 80(4):523\u2013526","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02190.x","volume":"133","author":"V S\u00e1nchez-Margalet","year":"2003","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Margalet V, Mart\u00edn-Romero C, Santos-Alvarez J, Goberna R, Najib S, Gonzalez-Yanes C (2003) Role of leptin as an immunomodulator of blood mononuclear cells: mechanisms of action. Clin Exp Immunol 133(1):11\u201319","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"15","key":"8_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(01)00322-0","volume":"122","author":"P Mancuso","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mancuso P, McNish RW, Peters-Golden M, Brock TG (2001) Evaluation of phagocytosis and arachidonate metabolism by alveolar macrophages and recruited neutrophils from F344xBN rats of different ages. Mech Ageing Dev 122(15):1899\u20131913","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)02462-2","volume":"298","author":"Z Tian","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tian Z, Sun R, Wei H, Gao B (2002) Impaired natural killer (NK) cell activity in leptin receptor deficient mice: leptin as a critical regulator in NK cell development and activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 298(3):297\u2013302","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"8_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00332","volume":"4","author":"C Procaccini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Procaccini C, De Rosa V, Galgani M, Carbone F, La Rocca C, Formisano L, Matarese G (2013) Role of adipokines signaling in the modulation of T cells function. Front Immunol 4:332","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.12.1.57","volume":"12","author":"S Loffreda","year":"1998","unstructured":"Loffreda S, Yang SQ, Lin HZ, Karp CL, Brengman ML, Wang DJ, Klein AS, Bulkley GB, Bao C, Noble PW, Lane MD, Diehl AM (1998) Leptin regulates proinflammatory immune responses. FASEB J 12(1):57\u201365","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"9","key":"8_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.046540","volume":"65","author":"M Otero","year":"2006","unstructured":"Otero M, Lago R, Gomez R, Lago F, Dieguez C, G\u00f3mez-Reino JJ, Gualillo O (2006) Changes in plasma levels of fat-derived hormones adiponectin, leptin, resistin and visfatin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 65(9):1198\u20131201","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"8_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.161","volume":"12","author":"C Barranco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barranco C (2016) Systemic lupus erythematosus: leptin linked to SLE. Nat Rev Rheumatol 12(11):623","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"8_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.89","volume":"6","author":"G Matarese","year":"2010","unstructured":"Matarese G, Carrieri PB, Montella S, De Rosa V, La Cava A (2010) Leptin as a metabolic link to multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 6(8):455\u2013461","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"38","key":"8_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10637","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1607101113","volume":"113","author":"EV Louren\u00e7o","year":"2016","unstructured":"Louren\u00e7o EV, Liu A, Matarese G, La Cava A (2016) Leptin promotes systemic lupus erythematosus by increasing autoantibody production and inhibiting immune regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(38):10637\u201310642","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"10","key":"8_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01506.x","volume":"62","author":"LG Hersoug","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hersoug LG, Linneberg A (2007) The link between the epidemics of obesity and allergic diseases: does obesity induce decreased immune tolerance? Allergy 62(10):1205\u20131213","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"23","key":"8_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1836","volume":"302","author":"W Lieb","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lieb W, Beiser AS, Vasan RS, Tan ZS, Au R, Harris TB, Roubenoff R, Auerbach S, DeCarli C, Wolf PA, Seshadri S (2009) Association of plasma leptin levels with incident Alzheimer disease and MRI measures of brain aging. JAMA 302(23):2565\u20132572","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"8_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000106","volume":"82","author":"JD Woolley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Woolley JD, Khan BK, Natesan A, Karydas A, Dallman M, Havel P, Miller BL, Rankin KP (2014) Satiety-related hormonal dysregulation in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Neurology 82(6):512\u2013520","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"15","key":"8_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002018","volume":"85","author":"RM Ahmed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahmed RM, Latheef S, Bartley L, Irish M, Halliday GM, Kiernan MC, Hodges JR, Piguet O (2015) Eating behavior in frontotemporal dementia: peripheral hormones vs hypothalamic pathology. Neurology 85(15):1310\u20131317","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","Neural Regulation of Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-13-1286-1_8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T03:13:02Z","timestamp":1561950782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-13-1286-1_8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"ISBN":["9789811312854","9789811312861"],"references-count":101,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-13-1286-1_8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2598","2214-8019"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2598","type":"print"},{"value":"2214-8019","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 November 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}