{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T16:44:52Z","timestamp":1758127492453,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Singapore","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9789811337673"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9789811337680"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-3768-0_10","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T08:26:02Z","timestamp":1554452762000},"page":"295-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Biocarbon Production and Use as a Fuel"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Pietro","family":"Bartocci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Skreiberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Liberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Bidini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Fantozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"10_CR1","unstructured":"IEA Bioenergy (2016) Status report on thermal biomass gasification in countries participating in IEA Bioenergy Task 33. \n                    http:\/\/task33.ieabioenergy.com\/content\/publications\/Status_report\n                    \n                  . Accessed 31\/05\/2017"},{"key":"10_CR2","unstructured":"IBI (2015) State of the biochar industry 2015. \n                    https:\/\/ibi.memberclicks.net\/assets\/ibi_state_industry_ 2015_snapshot_final.pdf"},{"key":"10_CR3","unstructured":"Child M (2014) Industrial-scale hydrothermal carbonization of waste sludge materials for fuel production. Master of Science Thesis, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland"},{"key":"10_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.01.050","volume":"45","author":"HS Kambo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kambo HS, Dutta A (2015) A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physico-chemical properties and applications. Renew Sust Energ Rev 45:359\u2013378","journal-title":"Renew Sust Energ Rev"},{"key":"10_CR5","first-page":"7","volume":"25","author":"M Sevilla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sevilla M, Titirici M (2012) Hydrothermal carbonization: a greener route towards the synthesis of advanced carbon materials. Bol Grupo Espa\u00f1ol Carb\u00f3n 25:7\u201317","journal-title":"Bol Grupo Espa\u00f1ol Carb\u00f3n"},{"key":"10_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2009.04.026","volume":"47","author":"M Sevilla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sevilla M, Fuertes A (2009) The production of carbon materials by hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose. Carbon 47:2281\u20132289","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10_CR7","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.ecn.nl\/phyllis2\/Browse\/Standard\/ECN-Phyllis#char"},{"key":"10_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.11.052","volume":"145","author":"CA Takaya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Takaya CA, Fletcher LA, Singh S, Anyikude KU, Ross AB (2016) Phosphate and ammonium sorption capacity of biochar and hydrochar from different wastes. Chemosphere 145:518\u2013527","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"10_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2007.01.020","volume":"310","author":"D Mohan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mohan D, Pittman CU Jr, Bricka M, Smith F, Yancey B, Mohammad J, Steele PH, Alexandre-Franco MF, G\u00f3mez-Serrano V, Gong H (2007) Sorption of arsenic, cadmium, and lead by chars produced from fast pyrolysis of wood and bark during bio-oil production. J Colloid Interface Sci 310(1):57\u201373","journal-title":"J Colloid Interface Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-2361(01)00131-4","volume":"81","author":"SA Channiwala","year":"2002","unstructured":"Channiwala SA, Parikh PP (2002) A unified correlation for estimating HHV of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Fuel 81(8):1051\u20131063","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sermyagina E, Saari J, Kaikko J, Vakkilainen E (2015) Hydrothermal carbonization of coniferous biomass: Effect of process parameters on mass and energy yields. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 113:551\u2013556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2015.03.012"},{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.10378","volume":"28","author":"CE Brewer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brewer CE, Schmidt-Rohr K, Satrio JA, Brown RC (2009) Characterization of biochar from fast pyrolysis and gasification systems. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 28(3):386\u2013396","journal-title":"Environ Prog Sustain Energy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-1285(91)90008-B","volume":"17","author":"WP Hutny","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hutny WP, Lee GK, Price JT (1991) Fundamentals of coal combustion during injection into a blast furnace. Prog Energy Combust Sci 17(4):373\u2013395","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2007.04.001","volume":"34","author":"S Gupta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gupta S, French D, Sakurovs R, Grigore M, Sun H, Cham T, Hilding T, Hallin M, Lindblom B, Sahajwalla V (2008) Minerals and iron-making reactions in blast furnaces. Prog Energy Combust Sci 34(2):155\u2013197","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.07.061","volume":"65","author":"E Mousa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mousa E, Wang C, Riesbeck J, Larsson M (2016) Biomass applications in iron and steel industry: an overview of challenges and opportunities. Renew Sust Energ Rev 65:1247\u20131266","journal-title":"Renew Sust Energ Rev"},{"key":"10_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2011.01.020","volume":"158","author":"TC Ooi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ooi TC, Thompson D, Anderson DR, Fisher R, Fray T, Zandi M (2011) The effect of charcoal combustion on iron-ore sintering performance and emission of persistent organic pollutants. Combust Flame 158:979\u2013987","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10_CR17","unstructured":"Mathieson JG, Norgate T, Jahanshahi S, Somerville MA, Haque N, Deev A, Ridgeway P, Zulli P (2012) The potential for charcoal to reduce net green house gas emissions from the Australian steel industry. In: Proceeding of 6th international congress on the science and technology of iron making (ICSTI). Rio de Janeiro. 2012"},{"key":"10_CR18","unstructured":"Mousa EA, Babich A, Senk D (2015) Iron ore sintering process with biomass utilization. In: Proceeding: METEC & 2nd ESTAD. D\u00fcsseldorf. 2015"},{"issue":"9","key":"10_CR19","first-page":"69","volume":"123","author":"JP Birat","year":"2003","unstructured":"Birat JP, Harnot F, Danloy G (2003) CO2 mitigation technologies in the steel industry a benchmarking study based on process calculation. Stahl Eisen 123(9):69\u201372","journal-title":"Stahl Eisen"},{"key":"10_CR20","unstructured":"Chatterjee A (1993) Handbook beyond the blast furnace, 1st edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton. ISBN-13: 978-0849366765"},{"key":"10_CR21","unstructured":"Wei W, Mellin P, Yang W, Wang C, Hultgren A, Salman H (2013) Utilization of biomass for blast furnace in Sweden, Report 1. Biomass availability and upgrading technologies. ISBN: 978-91-7501-989-5. \n                    https:\/\/www.divaportal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:681739\/FULLTEXT01.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 30 May 2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-013-9223-1","volume":"5","author":"G Fick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fick G, Mirgaux O, Neau P, Patisson F (2014) Using biomass for pig iron: a technical, environmental and economical assessment. Waste Biomass Valoriz 5(1):43\u201355","journal-title":"Waste Biomass Valoriz"},{"issue":"4","key":"10_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.2355\/isijinternational.49.587","volume":"49","author":"T Norgate","year":"2009","unstructured":"Norgate T, Langberg D (2009) Environmental and economic aspects of charcoal use in steelmaking. ISIJ Int 49(4):587\u2013595","journal-title":"ISIJ Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.2355\/isijinternational.45.1371","volume":"45","author":"T Ariyama","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ariyama T, Murai R, Sato M (2005) Reduction of CO2 emissions from integrated steel works and its subjects for a future study. ISIJ Int 45(10):1371\u20131378","journal-title":"ISIJ Int"},{"key":"10_CR25","unstructured":"Ishii K (2006) Reaction research for reduction of CO2 emission in iron making process. In: Proceeding of the 4th international congress on the science and technology of iron making (ICSTI). Osaka. 2006"},{"key":"10_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.2355\/isijinternational.45.1379","volume":"45","author":"Y Ujisawa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ujisawa Y, Nakano K, Matsukura Y, Sunahara K, Komatsu S, Yamamoto T (2005) Subjects for achievement of blast furnace operation with low reducing agent rate. ISIJ Int 45:1379\u20131385","journal-title":"ISIJ Int"},{"key":"10_CR27","first-page":"109","volume":"94","author":"S Nomura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nomura S, Matsuzaki S, Naito M, Ayukawa H, Koizumi S, Abe T, Kitaguchi H, Tahara T (2009) Improvement in blast furnace reaction efficiency through the use of catalyst-doped highly reactive coke. Nippon Steel Tech Rep 94:109\u2013114","journal-title":"Nippon Steel Tech Rep"},{"key":"10_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.02.117","volume":"159","author":"W Huo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huo W, Zhou Z, Chen X, Dai Z, Yu G (2014) Study on CO2 gasification reactivity and physical characteristics of biomass, petroleum coke and coal chars. Bioresour Technol 159:143\u2013149","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"10_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2013.05.005","volume":"25","author":"H Suopaj\u00e4rvi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suopaj\u00e4rvi H, Pongr\u00e1cz E, Fabritius T (2013) The potential of using biomass-based reducing agents in the blast furnace: a review of thermochemical conversion technologies and assessments related to sustainability. Renew Sustain Energ Rev 25:511\u2013528","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energ Rev"},{"key":"10_CR30","unstructured":"Myrhaug E, Tuset J, Tveit H (2004) Reaction mechanisms of charcoal and coke in the silicon process. In: Proceedings: tenth international ferroalloys congress"},{"key":"10_CR31","first-page":"55","volume":"50","author":"L Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang L, Hovd B, Bui HH, Valderhaug A, Bu\u00f8 TV, Birkeland RG, Skreiberg \u00d8, Tran KQ (2016) CO2 reactivity assessment of woody biomass biocarbons for metallurgical purposes. Chem Eng Trans 50:55\u201360","journal-title":"Chem Eng Trans"},{"key":"10_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.6b00354","volume":"30","author":"L Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang L, V\u00e1rhegyi G, Skreiberg \u00d8, Li T, Gr\u00f8nli M, Antal MJ (2016) Combustion characteristics of biomass charcoals produced at different carbonization conditions: a kinetic study. Energy Fuel 30:3186\u20133197","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.2355\/isijinternational.44.2018","volume":"44","author":"M Kawakami","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kawakami M, Taga H, Takenaka T, Yokoyam S (2004) Micro pore structure and reaction rate of coke, wood charcoal and graphite with CO2. ISIJ Int 44:2018\u20132022","journal-title":"ISIJ Int"},{"key":"10_CR34","first-page":"145","volume":"65","author":"L Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang L, Buvarp F, Skreiberg \u00d8, Bartocci P, Fantozzi F (2018) A study on densification and CO2 gasification of biocarbon. Chem Eng Trans 65:145\u2013150","journal-title":"Chem Eng Trans"},{"key":"10_CR35","unstructured":"Worldatlas (2017) \n                    http:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/articles\/top-wood-charcoal-exporting-and-importing-countries.html\n                    \n                  . Accessed 31 May 2017"},{"key":"10_CR36","unstructured":"Worldatlas (2017) \n                    http:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/articles\/top-10-wood-charcoal-producing-countries.html\n                    \n                  . Accessed 31 May 2017"},{"issue":"6","key":"10_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0961-9534(02)00072-7","volume":"23","author":"SC Bhattacharya","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bhattacharya SC, Albina DO, Abdul Salam P (2002) Emission factors of wood and charcoal-fired cookstoves. Biomass Bioenergy 23(6):453\u2013469","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"10_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0144-4565(87)90039-4","volume":"12","author":"DR Ahuja","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ahuja DR, Joshi V, Smith KR, Venkataraman C (1987) Thermal performance and emission characteristics of unvented biomass-burning cookstoves: a proposed standard method for evaluation. Biomass 12:247\u2013270","journal-title":"Biomass"},{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esd.2010.06.002","volume":"14","author":"N MacCarty","year":"2010","unstructured":"MacCarty N, Still D, Ogle D (2010) Fuel use and emissions performance of fifty cooking stoves in the laboratory and related benchmarks of performance. Energy Sustain Dev 14(3):161\u2013171","journal-title":"Energy Sustain Dev"},{"key":"10_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.01.150","volume":"73","author":"SA Mehetre","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mehetre SA, Panwar NL, Sharma D, Kumar H (2017) Improved biomass cookstoves for sustainable development: a review. Renew Sustain Energ Rev 73:672\u2013687","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energ Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1021\/ef200296u","volume":"25","author":"X Gao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gao X, Wu H (2011) Biochar as a fuel: 4. Emission behavior and characteristics of PM1 and PM10 from the combustion of pulverized biochar in a drop-tube furnace. Energy Fuel 25(6):2702\u20132710","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4571","DOI":"10.1021\/ef100701r","volume":"24","author":"X Gao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gao X, Wu H (2010) Effect of sampling temperature on the properties of inorganic particulate matter collected from biomass combustion in a drop-tube furnace. Energy Fuel 24:4571\u20134580","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10_CR43","unstructured":"Bartocci P, Kempegowda RS, Liberti F, Bidini G, Skreiberg \u00d8, Fantozzi F (2017) Technical and economic feasibility of combusting biocarbon in small scale pellet boilers. 25th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 12\u201315th June 2017, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"key":"10_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2017.12.031","volume":"142","author":"A Sevault","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sevault A, Khalil RA, Enger BC, Skreiberg \u00d8, Goile F, Wang L, Seljeskog M, Kempegowda R (2017) Performance evaluation of a modern wood stove using charcoal. Energy Procedia 142:192\u2013197","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"10_CR45","first-page":"7","volume":"50","author":"RS Kempegowda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kempegowda RS, Barta Z, Skreiberg \u00d8, Wang L (2016) Value chain analysis of biocarbon utilisation in residential pellet stoves. Chem Eng Trans 50:7\u201312","journal-title":"Chem Eng Trans"},{"key":"10_CR46","volume-title":"Theoretical and experimental studies on emissions from wood combustion","author":"\u00d8 Skreiberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Skreiberg \u00d8 (1997) Theoretical and experimental studies on emissions from wood combustion. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim"},{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR47","first-page":"481","volume":"62","author":"J F\u00f6hr","year":"2017","unstructured":"F\u00f6hr J, Ranta T, Suikki J, Soininen H (2017) Manufacturing of torrefied pellets without a binder from different raw wood materials in the pilot plant. Wood Res 62(3):481\u2013494","journal-title":"Wood Res"},{"key":"10_CR48","unstructured":"NOBIO (2012) Pellet price Norway. \n                    http:\/\/nobio.no\/"},{"key":"10_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-8904(00)00110-2","volume":"42","author":"A Demirba\u015f","year":"2001","unstructured":"Demirba\u015f A (2001) Carbonization ranking of selected biomass for charcoal, liquid and gaseous products. Energy Convers Manag 42:1229\u20131238","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"10_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2013.06.004","volume":"60","author":"L Kong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kong L, Tian SH, Li Z, Luo R, Chen D, Tu YT, Xiong Y (2013) Conversion of recycled sawdust into high HHV and low NOx emission bio-char pellets using lignin and calcium hydroxide blended binders. Renew Energy 60:559\u2013565","journal-title":"Renew Energy"},{"key":"10_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2014.01.038","volume":"63","author":"MT Reza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reza MT, Helal Uddin M, Lynam JG, Coronella CJ (2014) Engineered pellets from dry torrefied and HTC biochar blends. Biomass Bioenergy 63:229\u2013238","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.11615","volume":"31","author":"MT Reza","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reza MT, Lynam JG, Vasquez VR, Coronella CJ (2012) Pelletization of biochar from hydrothermally carbonized wood. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 31(2):225\u2013234","journal-title":"Environ Prog Sustain Energy"},{"key":"10_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.05.019","volume":"157","author":"Q Hu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu Q, Shao J, Yang H, Yao D, Wang X, Chen H (2015) Effects of binders on the properties of biochar pellets. Appl Energy 157:508\u2013516","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"10_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.06.024","volume":"157","author":"J Peng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peng J, Bi XT, Lim CJ, Peng H, Kim CS, Jia D, Zuo H (2015) Sawdust as an effective binder for making torrefied pellets. Appl Energy 157:491\u2013498","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"issue":"15","key":"10_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2015.08.031","volume":"105","author":"HS Kambo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kambo HS, Dutta A (2015) Comparative evaluation of torrefaction and hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of solid biofuel. Energy Convers Manag 105(15):746\u2013755","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"10_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1021\/ie8006243","volume":"48","author":"M Horio","year":"2009","unstructured":"Horio M, Suri A, Asahara J, Sagawa S, Aida C (2009) Development of biomass charcoal combustion heater for household utilization. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:361\u2013372","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2008.08.001","volume":"35","author":"C Blasi Di","year":"2009","unstructured":"Di Blasi C (2009) Combustion and gasification rates of lignocellulosic chars. Prog Energy Combust Sci 35(2):121\u2013140","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.09.026","volume":"160","author":"J Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu J, Chen W (2015) Investigation on the ignition and burnout temperatures of bamboo and sugarcane bagasse by thermogravimetric analysis. Appl Energy 160:49\u2013579","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1021\/ef302153f","volume":"27","author":"M Momeni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Momeni M, Yin C, K\u00e6r SK, Hvid SL (2013) Comprehensive study of ignition and combustion of single wooden particles. Energy Fuel 27(2):1061\u20131072","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2014.03.059","volume":"66","author":"CE Brewer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brewer CE, Chuang VJ, Masiello CA, Gonnermann H, Gao X, Dugan B, Driver LE, Panzacchi P, Zygourakis K, Davies CA (2014) New approaches to measuring biochar density and porosity. Biomass Bioenergy 66:176\u2013118","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"10_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2018.03.024","volume":"225","author":"J Mundike","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mundike J, Collard FX, G\u00f6rgens JF (2018) Co-combustion characteristics of coal with invasive alien plant chars prepared by torrefaction or slow pyrolysis. Fuel 225:62\u201370","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2005.11.004","volume":"85","author":"E Kastanaki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kastanaki E, Vamvuka D (2006) A comparative reactivity and kinetic study on the combustion of coal-biomass char blends. Fuel 85:1186\u20131193","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-012-2744-1","volume":"112","author":"Q Yi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yi Q, Qi F, Cheng G, Zhang Y, Xiao B, Hu Z, Liu S, Cai H, Xu S (2013) Thermogravimetric analysis of co-combustion of biomass and biochar. J Therm Anal Calorim 112:1475\u20131479","journal-title":"J Therm Anal Calorim"},{"key":"10_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2009.12.001","volume":"91","author":"SG Sahu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sahu SG, Sarkar P, Chakraborty N, Adak AK (2010) Thermogravimetric assessment of combustion characteristics of blends of a coal with different biomass chars. Fuel Process Technol 91:369\u2013378","journal-title":"Fuel Process Technol"}],"container-title":["Biofuels and Biorefineries","Production of Materials from Sustainable Biomass Resources"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-13-3768-0_10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T14:57:39Z","timestamp":1558450659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-13-3768-0_10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"ISBN":["9789811337673","9789811337680"],"references-count":64,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-13-3768-0_10","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-1537","2214-1545"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2214-1537"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2214-1545"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 April 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}