{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T10:27:54Z","timestamp":1782296874019,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Singapore","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789811526923","type":"print"},{"value":"9789811526930","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-2693-0_23","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T07:29:03Z","timestamp":1579159743000},"page":"320-334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Appraisal on User\u2019s Comprehension in Security Warning Dialogs: Browsers Usability Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Christine Lim Xin","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zarul Fitri","family":"Zaaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Amar Irsyad Mohd","family":"Aminuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"23_CR1","unstructured":"Statista. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/chart\/7451\/chrome-most-vulnerable-browser\/ . Accessed 21 Dec 2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"23_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/1557234X0600200109","volume":"2","author":"KR Laughery","year":"2006","unstructured":"Laughery, K.R., Wogalter, M.S.: Designing effective warnings. Rev. Hum. Factors Ergon. 2(1), 241\u2013271 (2006)","journal-title":"Rev. Hum. Factors Ergon."},{"key":"23_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaaba, Z.F., Furnell, S.M., Dowland, P.S.: A study on improving security warnings. In: The 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for The Muslim World (ICT4 M), pp. 1\u20135 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICT4M.2014.7020633"},{"key":"23_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borger, W., Iacono, L.L.: User perception and response to computer security warnings. In: Workshop on Usable Security and Privacy, Mensch and Computer, pp. 621\u2013646 (2015)","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110443905-087"},{"key":"23_CR5","unstructured":"Cambridge Dictionary. https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/dictionary\/english\/standardization . Accessed 08 Dec 2018"},{"key":"23_CR6","unstructured":"Ng, A.W., Chan, A.H.: Common design elements and strategies in participatory safety sign redesign among construction workers. In: Proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, Hong Kong (2015)"},{"key":"23_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.17269\/CJPH.106.5116","volume":"6","author":"M Al-Hamdani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Hamdani, M., Smith, S.: Alcohol warning label perceptions: emerging evidence for alcohol policy. Can. J. Public Health 6, 395\u2013400 (2015)","journal-title":"Can. J. Public Health"},{"key":"23_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krol, K., Moroz, M., Sasse, M.A.: Don\u2019t work. Can\u2019t work? Why it\u2019s time to rethink security warnings. In: 7th International Conference 2012 Risk and Security of Internet and Systems (CRiSIS), pp. 1\u20138 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/CRISIS.2012.6378951"},{"key":"23_CR9","unstructured":"Bravo-Lillo, C., Cranor, L., Komanduri, S., Schechter, S., Sleeper, M.: Harder to ignore. Revisiting pop-up fatigue and approaches to prevent it, USENIX Association, pp. 105\u2013111 (2014)"},{"issue":"2","key":"23_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/19393555.2018.1448492","volume":"27","author":"A Amran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amran, A., Zaaba, Z., Mahinderjit Singh, M.: Habituation effects in computer security warning. Inf. Secur. J. Glob. Perspect. 27(2), 119\u2013131 (2018)","journal-title":"Inf. Secur. J. Glob. Perspect."},{"key":"23_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reeder, R.W., Felt, A.P., Consolvo, S., Malkin, N., Thompson, C., Egelman, S: An experience sampling study of user reactions to browser warnings in the field. In: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, p. 512 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174086"},{"key":"23_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zammouri, A., Moussa, A.A.: Safebrowse: a new tool for strengthening and monitoring the security configuration of web browsers. In: 2016 International Conference on Information Technology for Organizations Development (IT4OD), pp. 1\u20135 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/IT4OD.2016.7479263"},{"key":"23_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biddle, R., Van Oorschot, P.C., Patrick, A.S., Sobey, J., Whalen, T.: Browser interfaces and extended validation SSL certificates: an empirical study. In: Proceedings of the 2009 ACM Workshop on Cloud Computing Security, pp. 19\u201330 (2009)","DOI":"10.1145\/1655008.1655012"},{"key":"23_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raja, F., Hawkey, K., Hsu, S., Wang, K.L.C., Beznosov, K.: A brick wall, a locked door, and a bandit: a physical security metaphor for firewall warnings. In: Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security, p. 1 (2011)","DOI":"10.1145\/2078827.2078829"},{"key":"23_CR15","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-41320-9_7","volume-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security","author":"M Harbach","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harbach, M., Fahl, S., Yakovleva, P., Smith, M.: Sorry, i don\u2019t get it: an analysis of warning message texts. In: Adams, A.A., Brenner, M., Smith, M. (eds.) FC 2013. LNCS, vol. 7862, pp. 94\u2013111. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-41320-9_7"},{"issue":"6","key":"23_CR16","first-page":"1337","volume":"2","author":"ZF Zaaba","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zaaba, Z.F., Boon, T.K.: Examination on usability issues of security warning dialogs. J. Multi. Eng. Sci. Technol. 2(6), 1337\u20131345 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Multi. Eng. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"23_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, M., Miller, R.C., Garfinkel, S.L.: Do security toolbars actually prevent phishing attacks? In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 601\u2013610 (2006)","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124863"},{"key":"23_CR18","unstructured":"Whalen, T., Inkpen, K.M.: Gathering evidence: use of visual security cues in web browsers. In: Proceedings of Graphics Interface, pp. 137\u2013144 (2005)"},{"key":"23_CR19","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"C Seifert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seifert, C., Welch, I., Komisarczuk, P.: Effectiveness of security by admonition: a case study of security warnings in a web browser setting. Secure Mag. 9, 1\u20139 (2006)","journal-title":"Secure Mag."},{"key":"23_CR20","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-88313-5_27","volume-title":"Computer Security - ESORICS 2008","author":"J Sobey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sobey, J., Biddle, R., van Oorschot, P.C., Patrick, A.S.: Exploring user reactions to new browser cues for extended validation certificates. In: Jajodia, S., Lopez, J. (eds.) ESORICS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5283, pp. 411\u2013427. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-88313-5_27"},{"issue":"4","key":"23_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2015.21","volume":"25","author":"BB Anderson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anderson, B.B., Vance, A., Kirwan, C.B., Eargle, D., Jenkins, J.L.: How users perceive and respond to security messages: a NeuroIS research agenda and empirical study. Eur. J. Inf. Syst. 25(4), 364\u2013390 (2016)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"23_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Downs, J.S., Holbrook, M.B., Cranor, L.F.: Decision strategies and susceptibility to phishing. In: Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security, pp. 79\u201390 (2006)","DOI":"10.1145\/1143120.1143131"},{"key":"23_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egelman, S., Cranor, L.F., Hong, J.I.: You\u2019ve been warned: an empirical study of the effectiveness of web browser phishing warnings. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1065\u20131074 (2008)","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357219"},{"key":"23_CR24","unstructured":"Sunshine, J., Egelman, S., Almuhimedi, H., Atri, N., Cranor, LF.: Crying wolf: an empirical study of SSL warning effectiveness, pp. 399\u2013416 (2009)"},{"key":"23_CR25","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39884-1_5","volume-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security","author":"S Egelman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Egelman, S., Schechter, S.: The importance of being earnest [In Security Warnings]. In: Sadeghi, A.-R. (ed.) FC 2013. LNCS, vol. 7859, pp. 52\u201359. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-39884-1_5"},{"issue":"3","key":"23_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.18178\/ijimt.2016.7.3.652","volume":"7","author":"MM Althobaiti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Althobaiti, M.M., Mayhew, P.: Users\u2019 awareness of visible security design flaws. Int. J. Innov. Manag. Technol. 7(3), 96 (2016)","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Manag. Technol."},{"key":"23_CR27","unstructured":"Kauer, M., Pfeiffer, T., Volkamer, M., Theuerling, H., Bruder, R.: It is not about the design-it is about the content! Making warnings more efficient by communicating risks appropriately (2012)"},{"key":"23_CR28","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77366-5_34","volume-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security","author":"F Asgharpour","year":"2007","unstructured":"Asgharpour, F., Liu, D., Camp, L.J.: Mental models of security risks. In: Dietrich, S., Dhamija, R. (eds.) FC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4886, pp. 367\u2013377. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-77366-5_34"},{"key":"23_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wash, R., Rader, E.: Influencing mental models of security: a research agenda. In: Proceedings of the 2011 New Security Paradigms Workshop, pp. 57\u201366 (2011)","DOI":"10.1145\/2073276.2073283"},{"key":"23_CR30","unstructured":"Bravo-Lillo, C., Cranor, L., Downs, J., Komanduri, S.: Poster: what is still wrong with security warnings: a mental models approach. In: SOUPS\u201910: Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (2010)"},{"issue":"4","key":"23_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1145\/1330311.1330320","volume":"51","author":"R West","year":"2008","unstructured":"West, R.: The psychology of security\u2019. Commun. ACM 51(4), 34\u201340 (2008)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"23_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herley, C.: So long, and no thanks for the externalities: the rational rejection of security advice by users. In: Proceedings of the 2009 Workshop on New Security Paradigms Workshop, pp. 133\u2013144 (2009)","DOI":"10.1145\/1719030.1719050"},{"key":"23_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, P., Xu, H., Zhang, X.L.: Informing security indicator design in web browsers. In: Proceedings of the 2011 iConference, pp. 569\u2013575 (2011)","DOI":"10.1145\/1940761.1940839"},{"key":"23_CR34","unstructured":"Mesbah, S.: Internet science-creating better browser warnings. Seminar Future Internet WS1415, Network Architecture and Services (2015)"},{"key":"23_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brustoloni, J.C., Villamar\u00edn-Salom\u00f3n, R.: Improving security decisions with polymorphic and audited dialogs. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security, pp. 76\u201385 (2007)","DOI":"10.1145\/1280680.1280691"},{"key":"23_CR36","unstructured":"Akhawe, D., Felt, A.P.: Alice in Warningland: a large-scale field study of browser security warning effectiveness. In: USENIX Security Symposium, pp. 257\u2013272 (2013)"},{"key":"23_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bravo-Lillo, C., et al.: Your attention please: designing security-decision UIs to make genuine risks harder to ignore. In: Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security, p. 6 (2013)","DOI":"10.1145\/2501604.2501610"},{"key":"23_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, B.B., Kirwan, C.B., Jenkins, J.L., Eargle, D., Howard, S., Vance, A.: How polymorphic warnings reduce habituation in the brain: insights from an fMRI study. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2883\u20132892 (2015a)","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702322"},{"issue":"6","key":"23_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120805200610","volume":"52","author":"D Sharek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharek, D., Swofford, C., Wogalter, M.: Failure to recognize fake internet popup warning messages. Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 52(6), 557\u2013560 (2008)","journal-title":"Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet."},{"issue":"3","key":"23_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011902718709","volume":"19","author":"MA Sasse","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sasse, M.A., Brostoff, S., Weirich, D.: Transforming the \u2018weakest link\u2019\u2014a human\/computer interaction approach to usable and effective security. BT Technol. J. 19(3), 122\u2013131 (2001)","journal-title":"BT Technol. J."},{"key":"23_CR41","unstructured":"Cranor, L.F.: A framework for reasoning about the human in the loop. In: UPSEC\u201908 Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Usability, Psychology, and Security, pp. 1\u201315 (2008)"},{"key":"23_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23768-3_2","volume-title":"Human-Computer Interaction \u2013 INTERACT 2011","author":"Cristian Bravo-Lillo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bravo-Lillo, C., Cranor, L., Downs, J., Komanduri, S., Sleeper, M.: Improving computer security dialogs. In: 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT), pp. 18\u201335 (2011)"},{"key":"23_CR43","unstructured":"Anderson, B.B., Vance, T., Kirwan, B., Eargle, D., Howard, S.: Users aren\u2019t (necessarily) lazy: using NeuroIS to explain habituation to security warnings (2014)"},{"issue":"1","key":"23_CR44","first-page":"39","volume":"3","author":"H Alshenqeeti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alshenqeeti, H.: Intervewing as a data collection method: a critical review. Engl. Linguist. Res. 3(1), 39\u201345 (2014)","journal-title":"Engl. Linguist. Res."},{"key":"23_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krol, K., Moroz, M., Sasse, M.A.: Don\u2019t work. Can\u2019t work? Why it\u2019s time to rethink security warnings. In: 2012 7th International Conference Risk and Security of Internet and Systems (CRiSIS), pp. 1\u20138 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/CRISIS.2012.6378951"},{"key":"23_CR46","unstructured":"Baker, S.E., Edwards, R., Doidge, M.: How many qualitative interviews is enough? Expert voices and early career reflections on sampling and cases in qualitative research (2012)"},{"issue":"1","key":"23_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijme.2012.10.002","volume":"11","author":"W Williams","year":"2013","unstructured":"Williams, W., Parkes, E.L., Davies, P.: Wordle: a method for analysing MBA student induction experience. Int. J. Manag. Educ. 11(1), 44\u201353 (2013)","journal-title":"Int. J. Manag. Educ."},{"key":"23_CR48","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-39399-5_10","volume-title":"HCI in Business, Government, and Organizations: Information Systems","author":"M Silic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silic, M., Cyr, D.: Colour arousal effect on users\u2019 decision-making processes in the warning message context. In: Nah, F.F.-H.F.-H., Tan, C.-H. (eds.) HCIBGO 2016. LNCS, vol. 9752, pp. 99\u2013109. Springer, Cham (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-39399-5_10"},{"issue":"10","key":"23_CR49","first-page":"148","volume":"7","author":"NF Samsudin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Samsudin, N.F., Zaaba, Z.F., Singh, M.M., Samsudin, A.: Symbolism in computer security warnings: Signal icons and signal words. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. (IJACSA) 7(10), 148\u2013153 (2016)","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. (IJACSA)"},{"issue":"2","key":"23_CR50","first-page":"1","volume":"21","author":"TS Amer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amer, T.S., Maris, J.M.B.: Signal words and signal icons in application control and information technology exception messages\u2014Hazard matching and habituation effects. J. Inf. Syst. 21(2), 1\u201325 (2007)","journal-title":"J. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"23_CR51","unstructured":"Zaaba, Z.F., Furnell, S., Dowland, P.: End-user perception and usability of information security. In: HAISA, pp. 97\u2013107 (2011)"},{"issue":"1","key":"23_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.31436\/ijpcc.v2i1.22","volume":"2","author":"ZF Zaaba","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zaaba, Z.F., Furnell, S.M., Dowland, P.S.: Literature studies on security warnings development. Int. J. Perceptive Cogn. Comput. (IIUM) 2(1), 8\u201318 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31436\/ijpcc.v2i1.22","journal-title":"Int. J. Perceptive Cogn. Comput. (IIUM)"}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","Advances in Cyber Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-15-2693-0_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T05:46:14Z","timestamp":1613972774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-15-2693-0_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9789811526923","9789811526930"],"references-count":52,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-15-2693-0_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0929","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0937","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ACeS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Advances in Cyber Security","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Penang","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Malaysia","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2019","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"30 July 2019","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"1 August 2019","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"1","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"aces2019","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/aces.usm.my\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}