{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:20:07Z","timestamp":1779906007550,"version":"3.53.1"},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Singapore","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789811636363","type":"print"},{"value":"9789811636370","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]],"date-time":"2021-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]],"date-time":"2021-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-3637-0_7","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T11:58:23Z","timestamp":1633089503000},"page":"87-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["CRAN: An Hybrid CNN-RNN Attention-Based Model for Arabic Machine Translation"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Nouhaila","family":"Bensalah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habib","family":"Ayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdellah","family":"Adib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelhamid","family":"Ibn El Farouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"7_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alayba, A.M., Palade, V., England, M., Iqbal, R.: A combined cnn and lstm model for arabic sentiment analysis. In: International Cross-Domain Conference for Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction, pp. 179\u2013191 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99740-7_12"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-012-9351-1","volume":"42","author":"A Alqudsi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alqudsi, A., Omar, N., Shaker, K.: Arabic machine translation: a survey. Artif. Intell. Rev. 42(4), 549\u2013572 (2014)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"7_CR3","unstructured":"Antoun, W., Baly, F., Hajj, H.M.: Arabert: transformer-based model for arabic language understanding (2020) . CoRR abs\/2003.00104"},{"key":"7_CR4","unstructured":"Bahdanau, D., Cho, K., Bengio, Y.: Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. In: Bengio, Y., LeCun, Y. (eds) 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR (2015)"},{"key":"7_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bastings, J., Filippova, K.: The elephant in the interpretability room: why use attention as explanation when we have saliency methods? In: Proceedings of the Third BlackboxNLP Workshop on Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP, pp.\u00a0149\u2013155. Association for Computational Linguistics (2020)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.blackboxnlp-1.14"},{"key":"7_CR6","unstructured":"Bensalah, N., Ayad, H., Adib, A., el\u00a0farouk, A.I.: Combining word and character embeddings in Arabic Chatbots. In: Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development, AI2SD\u20192020, Tangier, Morocco (2020)"},{"key":"7_CR7","unstructured":"Bensalah, N., Ayad, H., Adib, A., Farouk, A.I.E.: LSTM or GRU for Arabic machine translation? Why not both! In: International Conference on Innovation and New Trends in Information Technology, INTIS 2019, Tangier, Morocco, Dec 20\u201321 (2019)"},{"key":"7_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bensalah, N., Ayad, H., Adib, A., Farouk, A.I.E.: Arabic machine translation based on the combination of word embedding techniques. In: Intelligent Systems in Big Data, Semantic Web and Machine Learning (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-72588-4_17"},{"key":"7_CR9","unstructured":"Bensalah, N., Ayad, H., Adib, A., Farouk, A.I.E.: Arabic sentiment analysis based on 1-D convolutional neural network. In: International Conference on Smart City Applications, SCA20 (2020)"},{"key":"7_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bojanowski, P., Grave, E., Joulin, A., Mikolov, T.: Enriching word vectors with subword information. Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguist., 135\u2013146 (2017)","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00051"},{"key":"7_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, J., Dong, L., Lapata, M.: Long short-term memory-networks for machine reading. In: Su, J., Carreras, X., Duh, K. (eds) Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP, pp.\u00a0551\u2013561 (2016)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1053"},{"key":"7_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, K., van Merrienboer, B., Bahdanau, D., Bengio, Y.: On the properties of neural machine translation: encoder-decoder approaches. In: Proceedings of SSST@EMNLP 2014, Eighth Workshop on Syntax, Semantics and Structure in Statistical Translation, pp. 103\u2013111. Association for Computational Linguistics (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W14-4012"},{"key":"7_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, K., Van\u00a0Merri\u00ebnboer, B., Gulcehre, C., Bahdanau, D., Bougares, F., Schwenk, H., Bengio, Y.: Learning phrase representations using rnn encoder-decoder for statistical machine translation (2014). arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.1078","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1179"},{"key":"7_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciresan, D.C., Meier, U., Schmidhuber, J.: Multi-column deep neural networks for image classification. In: 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Providence, pp. 3642\u20133649. IEEE Computer Society (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6248110"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1402_1","volume":"14","author":"JL Elman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Elman, J.L.: Finding structure in time. Cognit. Sci. 14(2), 179\u2013211 (1990)","journal-title":"Cognit. Sci."},{"key":"7_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feurer, M., Hutter, F.: Hyperparameter optimization. In: Automated Machine Learning, pp. 3\u201333. Springer (2019)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-05318-5_1"},{"key":"7_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gehring, J., Auli, M., Grangier, D., Dauphin, Y.N.: A convolutional encoder model for neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2017, pp. 123\u2013135. Association for Computational Linguistics (2017)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1012"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"7_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2005.06.042","volume":"18","author":"A Graves","year":"2005","unstructured":"Graves, A., Schmidhuber, J.: Framewise phoneme classification with bidirectional lstm and other neural network architectures. Neural Netw. 18(5\u20136), 602\u2013610 (2005)","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"7_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, L., Zhang, D., Wang, L., Wang, H., Cui, B.: Cran: a hybrid CNN-RNN attention-based model for text classification. In: International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, pp.\u00a0571\u2013585. Springer (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00847-5_42"},{"issue":"11","key":"7_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1109\/5.726791","volume":"86","author":"Y LeCun","year":"1998","unstructured":"LeCun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., Haffner, P., et al.: Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. Proc. IEEE 86(11), 2278\u20132324 (1998)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"7_CR21","unstructured":"Lin, Z., Feng, M., dos Santos, C.N., Yu, M., Xiang, B., Zhou, B., Bengio, Y.: A structured self-attentive sentence embedding. In: 5th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR (2017)"},{"key":"7_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luong, M., Pham, H., Manning, C.D.: Effective Approaches to Attention-based Neural Machine Translation. CoRR abs\/1508.04025 (2015)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D15-1166"},{"key":"7_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papineni, K., Roukos, S., Ward, T., Zhu, W.-J.: Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 311\u2013318. Association for Computational Linguistics (2002)","DOI":"10.3115\/1073083.1073135"},{"issue":"11","key":"7_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1109\/78.650093","volume":"45","author":"M Schuster","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schuster, M., Paliwal, K.K.: Bidirectional recurrent neural networks. IEEE Trans. Sig. Process. 45(11), 2673\u20132681 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Sig. Process."},{"key":"7_CR25","unstructured":"Sutskever, I., Vinyals, O., Le, Q.: Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks. Advances in NIPS (2014)"},{"key":"7_CR26","unstructured":"Wang, Y.-Y., Acero, A., Chelba, C.: Is word error rate a good indicator for spoken language understanding accuracy. In: 2003 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding (IEEE Cat. No. 03EX721), pp. 577\u2013582. IEEE (2003)"},{"key":"7_CR27","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Schuster, M., Chen, Z., Le, Q.V., Norouzi, M., Macherey, W., Krikun, M., Cao, Y., Gao, Q., Macherey, K., Klingner, J., Shah, A., Johnson, M., Liu, X., Kaiser, L., Gouws, S., Kato, Y., Kudo, T., Kazawa, H., Stevens, K., Kurian, G., Patil, N., Wang, W., Young, C., Smith, J., Riesa, J., Rudnick, A., Vinyals, O., Corrado, G., Hughes, M., Dean, J.: Google\u2019s neural machine translation system: bridging the gap between human and machine translation. CoRR abs\/1609.08144 (2016)"}],"container-title":["Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies","Networking, Intelligent Systems and Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-16-3637-0_7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T12:15:16Z","timestamp":1633090516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-16-3637-0_7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]},"ISBN":["9789811636363","9789811636370"],"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-16-3637-0_7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-3018","2190-3026"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-3018","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-3026","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 October 2021","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}