{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T14:43:59Z","timestamp":1774881839848,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Singapore","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789811668890","type":"print"},{"value":"9789811668906","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-6890-6_21","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T14:02:28Z","timestamp":1646488948000},"page":"275-299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Big Five Personality Prediction from Handwritten Character Features and Word \u2018of\u2019 Using Multi-label Classification"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Salankara","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ishita De","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Debatree","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"21_CR1","unstructured":"Hall CS, Lindzey G, Campbell JB (2020) Theories of personality. Wiley, Berlin"},{"key":"21_CR2","volume-title":"Personality: classic theories and modern research","author":"HS Friedman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Friedman HS, Schustack MW (2009) Personality: classic theories and modern research. Pearson Education, New Delhi"},{"key":"21_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothmann S, Elize C (2003) The big five personality dimensions and job performance. South Afr J Ind Psychol 29:68\u201374","DOI":"10.4102\/sajip.v29i1.88"},{"key":"21_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corr PJ, Matthews G (2009) The Cambridge handbook of personality psychology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511596544"},{"key":"21_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plamondon R (2010) Neuromuscular studies of handwriting generation and representation. In: International conference on frontiers in handwriting recognition (ICFHR), Kolkata, India","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2010.129"},{"key":"21_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1964.19.2.615","volume":"19","author":"D Galbraith","year":"1964","unstructured":"Galbraith D, Wilson W (1964) Reliability of the graphoanalytic approach to handwriting analysis. Perceptual Motor Skills 19:615\u2013618","journal-title":"Perceptual Motor Skills"},{"key":"21_CR7","unstructured":"Sheikholeslami G, Srihari SN, Govindaraju V (1996) Computer aided graphology. In: International workshop on frontiers in handwriting recognition, England, pp 457\u2013460"},{"key":"21_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kedar S, Nair V, Kulkarni S (2015) Personality identification through handwriting analysis: a review. J Adv Res Comput Sci Softw Eng 5(1)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCUBEA.2015.162"},{"key":"21_CR9","first-page":"135","volume":"79","author":"M Gavrilescu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gavrilescu M (2017) 3-layer architecture for determining the personality type from handwriting analysis by combining neural networks and support vector machines. Electr Eng Comp Sci 79:135\u2013152","journal-title":"Electr Eng Comp Sci"},{"key":"21_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Shivakumara P, Roy P, Pal U, Lu T (2020) Graphology based handwritten character analysis for human behavior identification. CAAI Trans Intell Technol","DOI":"10.1049\/trit.2019.0051"},{"key":"21_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(96)00183-3","volume":"22","author":"RP Tett","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tett RP, Palmer CA (1997) The validity of handwriting elements in relation to self-report personality trait measures. Personal Ind Diff 22:11\u201318","journal-title":"Personal Ind Diff"},{"key":"21_CR12","unstructured":"Meka:a multi-label extension to weka (2018). https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/meka\/files\/Datasets. Accessed 9 Oct 2020"},{"key":"21_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srihari SN, Cha SH, Arora H, Lee S (2002) Individuality of handwriting. J Foren Sci 47(4)","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS15447J"},{"issue":"03","key":"21_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2006.08.008","volume":"40","author":"V Pervouchine","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pervouchine V, Leedham G (2007) Extraction and analysis of forensic document examiner features used for writer identification. Pattern Recogn 40(03):1004\u20131013","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"5","key":"21_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13158","volume":"61","author":"SN Srihari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Srihari SN, Meng L, Hanson L (2016) Development of individuality in children\u2019s handwriting. J Forens Sci 61(5):1292\u20131300","journal-title":"J Forens Sci"},{"key":"21_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rachmawanto EH, Anarqi GR, Setiadi DRIM, Sari CA (2018) Handwriting recognition using eccentricity and metric feature extraction based on k-nearest neighbors. In: 2018 international seminar on application for technology of information and communication, pp 411\u2013416","DOI":"10.1109\/ISEMANTIC.2018.8549804"},{"key":"21_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma MK, Chanderiya V (2020) Writer identification using graphemes. Indian Academy of Sciences","DOI":"10.1007\/s12046-020-1276-9"},{"key":"21_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukherjee S, Ghosh ID (2020) Writer identification based on writing individuality and combination of features. In: 2nd international conference on applied signal processing","DOI":"10.1109\/ASPCON49795.2020.9276700"},{"key":"21_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coll R, Fornes A, Llados J (2009) Graphological analysis of handwritten text documents for human resources recruitment. In: 10th international conference on document analysis and recognition, pp 1081\u20131085","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.213"},{"issue":"12","key":"21_CR20","first-page":"0975","volume":"08","author":"S Prasad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Prasad S, Singh VK, Sapre A (2010) Handwriting analysis based on segmentation method for prediction of human personality using support vector machine. Int J Comput Appl 08(12):0975\u20138887","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl"},{"key":"21_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Champa HN, AnandaKumar KR (2010) Automated human behavior prediction through handwriting analysis. In: 2010 first international conference on integrated intelligent computing, pp 160\u2013165","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIIC.2010.29"},{"key":"21_CR22","unstructured":"Rahiman A, Varghese D, Kumar M (2013) Handwritten analysis based individualistic traits prediction. Int J Image Proc 07(2):209\u2013218"},{"key":"21_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joshi P, Agarwal A, Dhavale A, Suryavanshi R (2015) Handwriting analysis for detection of personality traits using machine learning approach. Int J Comput Appl 130(15)","DOI":"10.5120\/ijca2015907189"},{"issue":"9","key":"21_CR24","first-page":"681","volume":"3","author":"PR Tarare","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tarare PR, Jadhav D (2015) Study of personality prediction based on handwriting and signature recognition using multiple artificial neural network and multi-structure algorithm. Int J Pure Appl Res Eng Technol 3(9):681\u2013693","journal-title":"Int J Pure Appl Res Eng Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"21_CR25","first-page":"7","volume":"5","author":"S Manimala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Manimala S, Gopal M, Gokhale PG, Chandrashekar S (2016) Automated handwriting analysis for human behavior prediction. Int J Comput Sci Eng 5(5):7\u201314","journal-title":"Int J Comput Sci Eng"},{"key":"21_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garoot AH, Safar M, Suen CY (2017) A comprehensive survey on handwriting and computerized graphology. In: 14th IAPR international conference on document analysis and recognition (ICDAR), vol 01, pp 621\u2013626","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2017.107"},{"key":"21_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhade V, Baraskar T (2018) A model for determining personality by analyzing off-line handwriting. Springer, Singapore","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-8569-7_35"},{"key":"21_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemos N, Shah K, Rade R, Shah D (2018) Personality prediction based on handwriting using machine learning. In: International conference on computational techniques, electronics and mechanical systems (CTEMS), pp 110\u2013113","DOI":"10.1109\/CTEMS.2018.8769221"},{"key":"21_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fallah B, Khotanlou H (2016) Identify human personality parameters based on handwriting using neural network. In: Artificial intelligence and robotics, pp 120\u2013126","DOI":"10.1109\/RIOS.2016.7529501"},{"key":"21_CR30","first-page":"127","volume":"35","author":"W Dengfeng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dengfeng W, Hong C (2003) Processes and preliminary results in the construction of the chinese personality scale (qzps). J Chinese Psychol Acta Psychol Sinica 35:127\u2013136","journal-title":"J Chinese Psychol Acta Psychol Sinica"},{"key":"21_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Z, Lin T (2017) Automatic personality identification using writing behaviours: an exploratory study. Behav Inf Technol 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2017.1304994"},{"key":"21_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gavrilescu M (2015) Study on determining the myers-briggs personality type based on individual\u2019s handwriting","DOI":"10.1109\/EHB.2015.7391603"},{"key":"21_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"57","author":"M Gavrilescu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gavrilescu M, Vizireanu N (2018) Predicting the big five personality traits from handwriting. EURASIP J Image Video Proc 57:1\u201317","journal-title":"EURASIP J Image Video Proc"},{"key":"21_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2014.05.020","volume":"58","author":"ACE Lima","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lima ACE, de Castro LN (2014) A multi-label, semi-supervised classification approach applied to personality prediction in social media. Neural Netw 58:122\u2013130","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"issue":"15","key":"21_CR35","first-page":"0975","volume":"59","author":"H Modi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Modi H, Panchal M (2012) Experimental comparison of different problem transformation methods for multi-label classification using meka. Int J Comput Appl 59(15):0975\u20138887","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl"},{"key":"21_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pushpa M, Karpagavalli S (2017) Multi-label classification: problem transformation methods in tamil phoneme classification. In: 7th international conference on advances in computing and communications, Cochin, pp 572\u2013579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.09.116"},{"key":"21_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50330","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2979787","volume":"8","author":"F Charte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Charte F (2020) A comprehensive and didactic review on multilabel learning software tools. IEEE Access 8:50330\u201350354","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"6","key":"21_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.59.6.1216","volume":"59","author":"LR Goldberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goldberg LR (2006) An alternative \u201cdescription of personality\u2019\u2019: the big-five factor structure. J Personal Soc Psychol 59(6):1216\u20131229","journal-title":"J Personal Soc Psychol"},{"key":"21_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa P, McCrae R (1992) Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: the neo personality inventory. Psychol Ass 4:5\u201313","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.4.1.5"},{"key":"21_CR40","unstructured":"John O, Naumann LP, Soto CJ (2008) Handbook of personality: Theory and research, 3rd edn. Guilford Press, University of California at Berkeley"},{"key":"21_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldberg L, Johnson J, Eber HW, Hogan R, Ashton MC, Cloninger R, Gough HG (2006) The international personality item pool and the future of public-domain personality measures. J Res Personal 40:84\u201396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2005.08.007"},{"key":"21_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherman EA, Monard MC, Metz J (2011) Multi-label problem transformation methods: a case study. CLEI Electron J 14(1)","DOI":"10.19153\/cleiej.14.1.4"},{"key":"21_CR43","unstructured":"Multi-label classification with scikit-multilearn (2018). https:\/\/xang1234.github.io\/multi-label. Accessed 08 Oct 2020"},{"key":"21_CR44","unstructured":"Multi-label classification (2015). https:\/\/users.ics.aalto.fi\/jesse\/. Accessed Jan 2021"},{"key":"21_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srihari SN, Cha SH, Arora H, Lee S (2001) Individuality of handwriting: a validation study. In: 6th international conference on document analysis and recognition","DOI":"10.1037\/e515312006-001"},{"key":"21_CR46","unstructured":"Skills for action. https:\/\/skillsforaction.com. Accessed 11 oct 2020"},{"key":"21_CR47","volume-title":"Advances in biometrics sensors, algorithms and systems","author":"NK Ratha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ratha NK, Govindaraju V (2008) Advances in biometrics sensors, algorithms and systems. Springer, London"},{"key":"21_CR48","unstructured":"Mahanta LB, Deka A (2013) Skew and slant angles of handwritten signature. Int J Innov Res Comput Commun Eng 1(9)"},{"key":"21_CR49","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"J Read","year":"2016","unstructured":"Read J, Reutemann P, Pfahringer B, Holmes G (2016) Meka: a multi-label\/multi-target extension to weka. J Mach Learn Res 17:1\u20135","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"}],"container-title":["Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Mathematics and Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-16-6890-6_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T14:05:19Z","timestamp":1646489119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-16-6890-6_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9789811668890","9789811668906"],"references-count":49,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-16-6890-6_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-5357","2194-5365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-5357","type":"print"},{"value":"2194-5365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2022","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}