{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T16:12:07Z","timestamp":1743005527185,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Singapore","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9789811680588"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9789811680595"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-8059-5_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T13:03:12Z","timestamp":1638450192000},"page":"3-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Blockchain Framework to Increase the Security and Verifiability of Educational Certificates"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4156-6310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faraz","family":"Masood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7672-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arman Rasool","family":"Faridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1_CR1","unstructured":"Nakamoto, S.: Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System\u2014Satoshi Nakamoto Institute (2008)"},{"key":"1_CR2","volume-title":"Decentralized Applications: Harnessing Bitcoin\u2019s Blockchain Technology","author":"S Raval","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raval, S.: Decentralized Applications: Harnessing Bitcoin\u2019s Blockchain Technology. O\u2019Reilly Media Inc., Sebastopol (2016)"},{"key":"1_CR3","volume-title":"Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy","author":"M Swan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Swan, M.: Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy. O\u2019Reilly Media Inc., Sebastopol (2015)"},{"key":"1_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Casino, F., Dasaklis, T.K., Patsakis, C.: A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: current status, classification and open issues. Telematics Inform. 36, 55\u201381 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tele.2018.11.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2018.11.006"},{"key":"1_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gramoli, V.: From blockchain consensus back to Byzantine consensus. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 107, 760\u2013769 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2017.09.023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.09.023"},{"key":"1_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Lee, J.-H.: Analysis of the main consensus protocols of blockchain. ICT Express 6, 93\u201397 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.icte.2019.08.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2019.08.001"},{"key":"1_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sankar, L.S., Sindhu, M., Sethumadhavan, M.: Survey of consensus protocols on blockchain applications. In: 2017 4th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS), pp. 1\u20135 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCS.2017.8014672"},{"key":"1_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2818623","volume":"20","author":"MC Kus Khalilov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kus Khalilov, M.C., Levi, A.: A survey on anonymity and privacy in bitcoin-like digital cash systems. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 20, 2543\u20132585 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2018.2818623","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"1_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2842460","volume":"20","author":"M Conti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Conti, M., Sandeep Kumar, E., Lal, C., Ruj, S.: A survey on security and privacy issues of bitcoin. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 20, 3416\u20133452 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"1_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao, Y., Li, Y., Dong, X., Fang, L., Chen, P.: Performance analysis of consensus algorithm in private blockchain. In: 2018 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), pp. 280\u2013285 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2018.8500557"},{"key":"1_CR11","first-page":"51","volume":"11","author":"O Dib","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dib, O., Brousmiche, K.-L., Durand, A., Thea, E., Hamida, E.: Consortium Blockchains: overview, applications and challenges. Int. J. Adv. Telecommun. 11, 51\u201364 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Telecommun."},{"key":"1_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaga, D., Mell, P., Roby, N., Scarfone, K.: Blockchain technology overview. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 1\u201368 (2018)","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.IR.8202"},{"key":"1_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pongnumkul, S., Khonnasee, C., Lertpattanasak, S., Polprasert, C.: Proof-of-Concept (PoC) of land mortgaging process in blockchain-based land registration system of Thailand. In: Proceedings of the 2020 The 2nd International Conference on Blockchain Technology, pp. 100\u2013104. ACM, New York (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3390566.3391669"},{"key":"1_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yapa, I., Heanthenna, S., Bandara, N., Prasad, I., Mallawarachchi, Y.: Decentralized ledger for land and property transactions in Sri Lanka Acresense. In: 2018 IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC), pp. 1\u20136 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/R10-HTC.2018.8629811"},{"key":"1_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nandi, M., Bhattacharjee, R.K., Jha, A., Barbhuiya, F.A.: A secured land registration framework on Blockchain. In: 2020 Third ISEA Conference on Security and Privacy (ISEA-ISAP), pp. 130\u2013138 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISEA-ISAP49340.2020.235011"},{"key":"1_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azaria, A., Ekblaw, A., Vieira, T., Lippman, A.: MedRec: using blockchain for medical data access and permission management. In: 2016 2nd International Conference on Open and Big Data (OBD), pp. 25\u201330 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/OBD.2016.11"},{"key":"1_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14757","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2730843","volume":"5","author":"Q Xia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xia, Q., Sifah, E.B., Asamoah, K.O., Gao, J., Du, X., Guizani, M.: MeDShare: trust-less medical data sharing among cloud service providers via blockchain. IEEE Access 5, 14757\u201314767 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3516","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2890203","volume":"15","author":"CH Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, C.H., Lin, Q., Wen, S.: Blockchain-enabled data collection and sharing for industrial IoT with deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. 15, 3516\u20133526 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TII.2018.2890203","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"1_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, M., Singh, A., Kim, S.: Blockchain: a game changer for securing IoT data. In: 2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), pp. 51\u201355 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT.2018.8355182"},{"key":"1_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, X., Zhao, J., Shetty, S., Li, D.: Towards data assurance and resilience in IoT using blockchain. In: MILCOM 2017 - 2017 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM), pp. 261\u2013266 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2017.8170858"},{"key":"1_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2018.2853167","volume":"12","author":"R Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, R., Song, T., Mei, B., Li, H., Cheng, X., Sun, L.: Blockchain for large-scale internet of things data storage and protection. IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput. 12, 762\u2013771 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"1_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirkman, S.: A data movement policy framework for improving trust in the cloud using smart contracts and blockchains. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering (IC2E), pp. 270\u2013273 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/IC2E.2018.00054"},{"key":"1_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, X., Shetty, S., Tosh, D., Kamhoua, C., Kwiat, K., Njilla, L.: ProvChain: a blockchain-based data provenance architecture in cloud environment with enhanced privacy and availability. In: 2017 17th IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGRID), pp. 468\u2013477 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGRID.2017.8"},{"key":"1_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanimozhi, E.A., Suguna, M., Mercy Shalini, S.: Immediate detection of data corruption by integrating blockchain in cloud computing. In: 2019 International Conference on Vision Towards Emerging Trends in Communication and Networking (ViTECoN), pp. 1\u20134 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/ViTECoN.2019.8899394"},{"key":"1_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huynh, T.T., Tru Huynh, T., Pham, D.K., Khoa Ngo, A.: Issuing and Verifying Digital Certificates with Blockchain. In: International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications, 2018-October, pp. 332\u2013336 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ATC.2018.8587428","DOI":"10.1109\/ATC.2018.8587428"},{"key":"1_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, J., Lee, N., Chi, C., Chen, Y.: Blockchain and smart contract for digital certificate. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Applied System Invention (ICASI), pp. 1046\u20131051 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASI.2018.8394455"},{"key":"1_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhury, M.J.M., Colman, A., Kabir, M.A., Han, J., Sarda, P.: Blockchain as a notarization service for data sharing with personal data store. In: 2018 17th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications\/12th IEEE International Conference on Big Data Science and Engineering (TrustCom\/BigDataSE), pp. 1330\u20131335 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom\/BigDataSE.2018.00183"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-017-0050-x","volume":"5","author":"G Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, G., Xu, B., Lu, M., Chen, N.-S.: Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education. Smart Learn. Environ. 5(1), 1\u201310 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40561-017-0050-x","journal-title":"Smart Learn. Environ."},{"key":"1_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/1360080X.2018.1520491","volume":"41","author":"P Williams","year":"2019","unstructured":"Williams, P.: Does competency-based education with blockchain signal a new mission for universities? J. High. Educ. Policy Manag. 41, 104\u2013117 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1360080X.2018.1520491","journal-title":"J. High. Educ. Policy Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41039-019-0097-0","volume":"14","author":"P Ocheja","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ocheja, P., Flanagan, B., Ueda, H., Ogata, H.: Managing lifelong learning records through blockchain. Res. Pract. Technol. Enhanc. Learn. 14(1), 1\u201319 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41039-019-0097-0","journal-title":"Res. Pract. Technol. Enhanc. Learn."},{"key":"1_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malibari, N.A.: A survey on blockchain-based applications in education. In: 2020 7th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), pp. 266\u2013270. IEEE (2020)","DOI":"10.23919\/INDIACom49435.2020.9083714"},{"key":"1_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, C., Guo, J., Zhang, G., Wang, Y., Sun, Y., Bie, R.: A blockchain system for E-learning assessment and certification. In: Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Smart Internet Things, SmartIoT 2019, pp. 212\u2013219 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SmartIoT.2019.00040","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartIoT.2019.00040"},{"key":"1_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lam, T.Y., Dongol, B.: A blockchain-enabled e-learning platform. Interact. Learn. Environ. 0, 1\u201323 (2020).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2020.1716022","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2020.1716022"},{"key":"1_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao, G., Di, B., He, H.: Design and implementation of the digital education transaction subject two-factor identity authentication system based on blockchain. International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology ICACT 2020, pp. 176\u2013180 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/ICACT48636.2020.9061393","DOI":"10.23919\/ICACT48636.2020.9061393"},{"key":"1_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, M., Li, Z., He, J.S., Wu, D., Xie, Y., Baba, A.: A novel blockchain-based education records verification solution. In: Proceedings of the 19th Annual SIG Conference on Information Technology Education, pp. 178\u2013183. ACM, New York (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3241815.3241870"},{"key":"1_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shen, H., Xiao, Y.: Research on online quiz scheme based on double-layer consortium blockchain. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information Technology in Medicine and Education ITME 2018, pp. 956\u2013960 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ITME.2018.00213","DOI":"10.1109\/ITME.2018.00213"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-019-09209-y","volume":"32","author":"D Lizcano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lizcano, D., Lara, J.A., White, B., Aljawarneh, S.: Blockchain-based approach to create a model of trust in open and ubiquitous higher education. J. Comput. High. Educ. 32(1), 109\u2013134 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12528-019-09209-y","journal-title":"J. Comput. High. Educ."},{"key":"1_CR38","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45153-4_48","volume-title":"Adaptive and Adaptable Learning","author":"M Sharples","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharples, M., Domingue, J.: The blockchain and kudos: a distributed system for educational record, reputation and reward. In: Verbert, K., Sharples, M., Klobu\u010dar, T. (eds.) EC-TEL 2016. LNCS, vol. 9891, pp. 490\u2013496. Springer, Cham (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-45153-4_48"},{"key":"1_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Androulaki, E., et al.: Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth EuroSys Conference, p. 15. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3190508.3190538"}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","Advances in Cyber Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-16-8059-5_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T13:12:06Z","timestamp":1638450726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-16-8059-5_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"ISBN":["9789811680588","9789811680595"],"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-16-8059-5_1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1865-0929"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1865-0937"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 January 2022","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ACeS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Advances in Cyber Security","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Penang","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Malaysia","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2021","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"24 August 2021","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"25 August 2021","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"3","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"aces2021","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/www.aces.usm.my\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"92","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"36","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"0","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"39% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"No","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}