{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:40:05Z","timestamp":1770979205285,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Nature Singapore","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789811692284","type":"print"},{"value":"9789811692291","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A watermarking technology is a kind of marker covertly embedded to identify ownership of the copyright. The existing database watermarking techniques cannot automatically adapt to different types of data and have poor robustness. In this paper, we present a new robust database watermarking scheme. The scheme can automatically adapt the watermarking algorithm and parameters according to the data characteristics for numerical and text-based data. We have theoretically established and verified experimentally the performance of our method in terms of robustness and less data distortion. This makes it suitable for copyright protection, owner identification, or traitor tracing purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-9229-1_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T12:03:56Z","timestamp":1642766636000},"page":"3-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Robust and Adaptive Watermarking Technique for Relational Database"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yexing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zihou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaoguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naimi, A.I., Westreich, D.J.: Big data: a revolution that will transform how we live, work, and think (2014)","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu085"},{"key":"1_CR2","unstructured":"Katzenbeisser, S., Petitcolas, F.A.P.: Digital Watermarking, p. 2. Artech House, London (2000)"},{"key":"1_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal, R., Kiernan, J.: Watermarking relational databases. In: VLDB 2002: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Very Large Databases, pp. 155\u2013166. Morgan Kaufmann (2002)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-155860869-6\/50022-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"1_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4018\/jdcf.2009040104","volume":"1","author":"G Gupta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gupta, G., Pieprzyk, J.: Reversible and blind database watermarking using difference expansion. Int. J. Digit. Crime Forensics (IJDCF) 1(2), 42\u201354 (2009)","journal-title":"Int. J. Digit. Crime Forensics (IJDCF)"},{"issue":"11","key":"1_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.06.023","volume":"86","author":"K Jawad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jawad, K., Khan, A.: Genetic algorithm and difference expansion based reversible watermarking for relational databases. J. Syst. Softw. 86(11), 2742\u20132753 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"1_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thodi, D.M., Rodriguez, J.J.: Prediction-error based reversible watermarking. In: 2004 International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP 2004, vol. 3, pp. 1549\u20131552. IEEE (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2004.1421361"},{"issue":"3","key":"1_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.09.005","volume":"39","author":"ME Farfoura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Farfoura, M.E., Horng, S.J., Lai, J.L., et al.: A blind reversible method for watermarking relational databases based on a time-stamping protocol. Expert Syst. Appl. 39(3), 3185\u20133196 (2012)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"2","key":"1_CR8","first-page":"59","volume":"17","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Yang, B., Niu, X.M.: Reversible watermarking for relational database authentication. J. Comput. 17(2), 59\u201366 (2006)","journal-title":"J. Comput."},{"issue":"6","key":"1_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2018.2851517","volume":"31","author":"D Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu, D., Zhao, D., Zheng, S.: A new robust approach for reversible database watermarking with distortion control. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 31(6), 1024\u20131037 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"1_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4053","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2019200","volume":"16","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wang, J., Ge, S., et al.: A reversible database watermarking method with low distortion. Math. Biosci. Eng. 16(5), 4053\u20134068 (2019)","journal-title":"Math. Biosci. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"1_CR11","first-page":"22","volume":"129","author":"M Kaur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaur, M., Mahajan, K.: Performance evaluation of natural language text watermarking using encryption techniques. Int. J. Comput. Appl 129(3), 22\u201328 (2015)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl"},{"key":"1_CR12","unstructured":"Li, G., Chen, J., Ma, H., et al.: Method for text watermarking based on subject-verb encoding. Comput. Sci. S2 (2015)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1_CR13","first-page":"151","volume":"29","author":"X Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin, X., Tang, X., Wang, J.: A reversible text watermarking algorithm based on coding and synonymy substitution. J. Chin. Inf. Process. 29(4), 151\u2013158 (2015). (in Chinese)","journal-title":"J. Chin. Inf. Process."},{"key":"1_CR14","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45496-9_14","volume-title":"Information Hiding. IH 2001","author":"MJ Atallah","year":"2001","unstructured":"Atallah, M.J., Raskin, V., Crogan, M., et al.: Natural language watermarking: design, analysis, and a proof-of-concept implementation. In: Moskowitz, I.S. (ed.) Information Hiding. IH 2001. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2137, pp. 185\u2013200. Springer, Heidelberg (2001). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-45496-9_14"},{"key":"1_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8011","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2796585","volume":"6","author":"NS Kamaruddin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kamaruddin, N.S., Kamsin, A., Por, L.Y., et al.: A review of text watermarking: theory, methods, and applications. IEEE Access 6, 8011\u20138028 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1_CR16","unstructured":"Dai, Z.X., Hong, F.: Text information hiding based on inverse order of part of speech symbol sequence. Jisuanji Gongcheng yu Yingyong (Comput. Eng. Appl.) 43(14), 160\u2013161 (2007). (in Chinese)"},{"key":"1_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.07.040","volume":"30","author":"N Mir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mir, N.: Copyright for web content using invisible text watermarking. Comput. Hum. Behav. 30, 648\u2013653 (2014)","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"1_CR18","first-page":"191","volume":"25","author":"M Taleby Ahvanooey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taleby Ahvanooey, M., Dana Mazraeh, H., Tabasi, S.H.: An innovative technique for web text watermarking (AITW). Inf. Secur. J.: Glob. Perspect. 25(4\u20136), 191\u2013196 (2016)","journal-title":"Inf. Secur. J.: Glob. Perspect."},{"key":"1_CR19","unstructured":"Zhenyu, Z., Qianmu, L., Yong, Q.: Text watermarking design based on invisible characters. J. Nanjing Univ. Sci. Technol. (2017). (in Chinese)"},{"issue":"12","key":"1_CR20","first-page":"148","volume":"46","author":"L Zhaocan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhaocan, L., Liming, W., Sijiang, G., et al.: A plain text watermarking method for big data based on orthogonal coding. Comput. Sci. 46(12), 148\u2013154 (2019). (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Comput. Sci."},{"key":"1_CR21","unstructured":"Zhang, X.: Several algorithms of digital watermark based on text document. Comput. Mod. 3 (2009). (in Chinese)"},{"key":"1_CR22","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Introduction to Database System","author":"S Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang, S., Sa, S.X.: Introduction to Database System, pp. 36\u201369. Higher Education Press, Beijing (2011)"},{"issue":"7","key":"1_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2005.116","volume":"17","author":"R Sion","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sion, R., Atallah, M., Prabhakar, S.: Rights protection for categorical data. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 17(7), 912\u2013926 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"1_CR24","unstructured":"Niu, X.M., Zhao, L., Huang, W., et al.: Watermarking relational databases for ownership protection. Acta Electron. Sinica A 12 (2003). (in Chinese)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2014.2349911","volume":"27","author":"S Iftikhar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iftikhar, S., Kamran, M., Anwar, Z.: RRW\u2014a robust and reversible watermarking technique for relational data. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 27(4), 1132\u20131145 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"1_CR26","unstructured":"Tong, D., Zhu, C., Ren, N.: A watermarking algorithm for geodatabases without relying on primary keys. Geogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 5 (2015). (in Chinese)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1_CR27","first-page":"946","volume":"47","author":"C Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, C., Yang, L., Wan, F., et al.: Survey on database watermarking models and algorithms. Acta Electon. Sinica 47(4), 946 (2019). (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Acta Electon. Sinica"},{"key":"1_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sion, R.: Proving ownership over categorical data. In: Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Data Engineering, pp. 584\u2013595. IEEE (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2004.1320029"},{"key":"1_CR29","unstructured":"Hanyurwimfura, D., Liu, Y., Liu, Z.: Text format based relational database watermarking for non-numeric data. In: 2010 International Conference on Computer Design and Applications, vol. 4, pp. V4-312\u2013V4-316. IEEE (2010)"},{"key":"1_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melkundi, S., Chandankhede, C.: A robust technique for relational database watermarking and verification. In: 2015 International Conference on Communication, Information & Computing Technology (ICCICT), pp. 1\u20137. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCICT.2015.7045676"},{"key":"1_CR31","unstructured":"Ma, J.: Generalized pattern search algorithm in optimization problems. Dalian University of Technology (2009). (in Chinese)"},{"key":"1_CR32","unstructured":"Blake, C.L., Merz, C.J.: UCI repository of machine learning databases (1998)"},{"key":"1_CR33","unstructured":"Sun, J.: Daily news for stock market prediction, version 1, August 2016. https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/aaron7sun\/stocknews"},{"issue":"9","key":"1_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2439962","volume":"10","author":"J Franco-Contreras","year":"2015","unstructured":"Franco-Contreras, J., Coatrieux, G.: Robust watermarking of relational databases with ontology-guided distortion control. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 10(9), 1939\u20131952 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"issue":"11","key":"1_CR35","first-page":"3571","volume":"31","author":"RT Hou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hou, R.T., Xian, H.Q., Li, J., Di, G.D.: Graded reversible watermarking scheme for relational data. Ruan Jian Xue Bao\/J. Softw. 31(11), 3571\u20133587 (2020). (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Ruan Jian Xue Bao\/J. Softw."}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","Cyber Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-16-9229-1_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T18:16:48Z","timestamp":1726510608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-16-9229-1_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9789811692284","9789811692291"],"references-count":35,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-16-9229-1_1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0929","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0937","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 January 2022","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"CNCERT","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"China Cyber Security Annual Conference","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Beijing","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"China","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2021","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"20 July 2021","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"21 July 2021","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"cncert2021","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/conf.cert.org.cn","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}