{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T22:18:36Z","timestamp":1787609916760,"version":"build-2736575974"},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Nature Singapore","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789819543977","type":"print"},{"value":"9789819543984","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762646400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-95-4398-4_12","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T16:37:05Z","timestamp":1762619825000},"page":"164-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gaze-Based Estimation of\u00a0Activity Levels in\u00a0Cooperative Learning Using Camera Images"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1579-8767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajime","family":"Nagahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1977-4690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriko","family":"Takemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2929257","volume":"43","author":"Z Cao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao, Z., Hidalgo, G., Simon, T., Wei, S.E., Sheikh, Y.: OpenPose: realtime multi-person 2D pose estimation using part affinity fields. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 43(1), 172\u2013186 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"12_CR2","unstructured":"Chen, K., et al.: MMDetection: Open MMLab detection toolbox and benchmark. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.07155 (2019)"},{"key":"12_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chong, E., Wang, Y., Ruiz, N., Rehg, J.M.: Detecting attended visual targets in video. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 5396\u20135406 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00544"},{"key":"12_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2017.08.007","volume":"116","author":"M Cukurova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cukurova, M., Luckin, R., Mill\u00e1n, E., Mavrikis, M.: The NISPI framework: analysing collaborative problem-solving from students\u2019 physical interactions. Comput. Educ. 116, 93\u2013109 (2018)","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"12_CR5","unstructured":"Fukui, A., Takemura, N., Shirai, S., Alizadeh, M., Nagahara, H.: Estimation of activity levels in cooperative learning using graph convolutional networks (in Japanese). In: The Meeting on Image Recognition and Understanding (2021)"},{"key":"12_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 770\u2013778 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"issue":"8","key":"12_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735","volume":"9","author":"S Hochreiter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hochreiter, S., Schmidhuber, J.: Long short-term memory. Neural Comput. 9(8), 1735\u20131780 (1997)","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"12_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-015-0816-y","volume":"115","author":"O Russakovsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Russakovsky, O., et al.: ImageNet large scale visual recognition challenge. Int. J. Comput. Vision 115, 211\u2013252 (2015)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"key":"12_CR9","unstructured":"Shao, S., et al.: CrowdHuman: A benchmark for detecting human in a crowd. arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.00123 (2018)"},{"key":"12_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C.Y., Bochkovskiy, A., Liao, H.Y.M.: YOLOv7: trainable bag-of-freebies sets new state-of-the-art for real-time object detectors. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 7464\u20137475 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00721"},{"key":"12_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, S., Xiong, Y., Lin, D.: Spatial temporal graph convolutional networks for skeleton-based action recognition. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. vol.\u00a032 (2018)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.12328"},{"key":"12_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Q., Suraworachet, W., Celiktutan, O., Cukurova, M.: What does shared understanding in students\u2019 face-to-face collaborative learning gaze behaviours \u201clook like\u201d? In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 588\u2013593. Springer (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-11644-5_53"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-95-4398-4_12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T21:23:10Z","timestamp":1787606590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-95-4398-4_12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]]},"ISBN":["9789819543977","9789819543984"],"references-count":12,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-95-4398-4_12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 November 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ACPR","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Gold Coast, QLD","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Australia","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10 November 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"13 November 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"acpr2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/www.acpr2025.com\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}