{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:20:46Z","timestamp":1773325246253,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Nature Singapore","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789819550081","type":"print"},{"value":"9789819550098","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-95-5009-8_22","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:07:44Z","timestamp":1773274064000},"page":"329-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ABEL: Artificial Buddy for\u00a0Effective Learning"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"T. Y. Emmy","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann-Kathrin","family":"Bernards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dena","family":"Baghery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlena","family":"Fl\u00fch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Allende-Cid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Collarana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"22_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.09.178","volume":"246","author":"M Arslan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arslan, M., Ghanem, H., Munawar, S., Cruz, C.: A survey on RAG with LLMs. Procedia Comput. Sci. 246, 3781\u20133790 (2024)","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"22_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-022-10291-4","volume":"25","author":"Y Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Jensen, S., Albert, L.J., Gupta, S., Lee, T.: Artificial intelligence (AI) student assistants in the classroom: designing chatbots to support student success. Inf. Syst. Front. 25(1), 161\u2013182 (2023)","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Front."},{"issue":"3","key":"22_CR3","first-page":"21","volume":"5","author":"D Davis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Davis, D., Kizilcec, R., Hauff, C., Houben, G.J.: Scaling effective learning strategies: retrieval practice and long-term knowledge retention in MOOCs. J. Learn. Anal. 5(3), 21\u201341 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Learn. Anal."},{"key":"22_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","volume":"13","author":"F Davis","year":"1989","unstructured":"Davis, F., Davis, F.: Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Q. 13, 319 (1989). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/249008","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"22_CR5","unstructured":"Devlin, J., Chang, M., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. CoRR abs\/1810.04805 (2018). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1810.04805"},{"key":"22_CR6","unstructured":"Enevoldsen, K., et al.: MMTEB: massive multilingual text embedding benchmark (2025). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2502.13595"},{"key":"22_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Es, S., James, J., Anke, L.E., Schockaert, S.: RAGAs: automated evaluation of retrieval augmented generation. In: Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations, pp. 150\u2013158 (2024)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.eacl-demo.16"},{"key":"22_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hisham, M., Vinod, N., Kuriakose, D., Joshy, M., Syama, S.: Survey on generative AI in education. Int. J. Adv. Eng. Manage. 6, 615\u2013620 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35629\/5252-0611615620","DOI":"10.35629\/5252-0611615620"},{"key":"22_CR9","unstructured":"Holmes, W., Bialik, M., Fadel, C.: Artificial intelligence in education. Promise and implications for teaching and learning (2019)"},{"key":"22_CR10","unstructured":"Huertas-Garc\u00eda, \u00c1., Mart\u00ed-Gonz\u00e1lez, C., Mu\u00f1oz, J., Ambite, E.D.M.: Small language models and large language models in oppositional thinking analysis: capabilities, biases and challenges. In: Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (2024). https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:271772478"},{"key":"22_CR11","unstructured":"Hurst, A., et\u00a0al.: GPT-4o system card. arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.21276 (2024)"},{"key":"22_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasneci, E., et al.: Chatgpt for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learn. Individ. Differ. 103, 102274 (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2023.102274"},{"key":"22_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mittal, U., Sai, S., Chamola, V., Sangwan, D.: A comprehensive review on generative AI for education. IEEE Access 12, 142733\u2013142759 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3468368","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3468368"},{"key":"22_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-052029-2.50007-3","volume-title":"Usability Engineering","author":"J Nielsen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nielsen, J.: Usability Engineering. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1993)"},{"key":"22_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Venkatesh, V., Morris, M., Davis, G., Davis, F.: User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view. MIS Q. 27, 425\u2013478 (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/30036540","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540"},{"key":"22_CR16","unstructured":"Wang, L., Yang, N., Huang, X., Yang, L., Majumder, R., Wei, F.: Multilingual E5 text embeddings: a technical report (2024). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2402.05672"},{"key":"22_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, L.: Gaita: a RAG system for personalized computer science education. Ph.D. thesis, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA (2024)","DOI":"10.35542\/osf.io\/97nmg"},{"key":"22_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, H., Guo, Y.: Generative artificial intelligence empowers educational reform: current status, issues, and prospects. In: Frontiers in Education, vol.\u00a08, p. 1183162. Frontiers Media SA (2023)","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2023.1183162"},{"key":"22_CR19","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Zhang, Z., Zhu, F., Zhou, J., Rao, A.: Mindalogue: LLM-powered nonlinear interaction for effective learning and task exploration. arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.10570 (2024)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Knowledge Graphs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-95-5009-8_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:07:46Z","timestamp":1773274066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-95-5009-8_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9789819550081","9789819550098"],"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-95-5009-8_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"IJCKG","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Joint Conference on Knowledge Graphs","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Heraklion, Crete","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Greece","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"15 October 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"17 October 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"14","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ijckg2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/ijckg2025.github.io\/index.html","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}