{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T07:27:24Z","timestamp":1774250844126,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Nature Singapore","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789819571437","type":"print"},{"value":"9789819571444","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-95-7144-4_10","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T06:32:52Z","timestamp":1774247572000},"page":"117-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How Do LLMs Generate Emotional Metaphors? a Vector-Based Cognitive Investigation"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiping","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Honghong","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"10_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511607660.009","volume-title":"Cultural Models in Language and Thought","author":"G Lakoff","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lakoff, G., K\u00f6vecses, Z.: The cognitive model of anger inherent in American English. In: Holland, D., Quinn, N. (eds.) Cultural Models in Language and Thought, pp. 195\u2013221. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1987)"},{"key":"10_CR2","volume-title":"Metaphor and Emotion: Language, Culture, and Body in Human Feeling","author":"Z K\u00f6vecses","year":"2000","unstructured":"K\u00f6vecses, Z.: Metaphor and Emotion: Language, Culture, and Body in Human Feeling. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)"},{"key":"10_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3312-1","volume-title":"Emotion Concepts","author":"Z K\u00f6vecses","year":"1990","unstructured":"K\u00f6vecses, Z.: Emotion Concepts. Springer, New York (1990)"},{"key":"10_CR4","unstructured":"Barcelona, A.: The concept of depression in American English. In: K\u00f6vecses, Z., (ed.) Emotion Concepts: From Anger to Guilt. A Cognitive Semantic Perspective. Cognitive Psychopathology, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 13\u201332 (2005)"},{"key":"10_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511816802.008","volume-title":"The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought","author":"D Gentner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gentner, D., Bowdle, B.: Metaphor as structure-mapping. In: Gibbs, R.W. (ed.) The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought, pp. 109\u2013128. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008)"},{"key":"10_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327868ms0404_1","volume":"4","author":"LM McMullen","year":"1996","unstructured":"McMullen, L.M.: Studying the use of figurative language in successful and unsuccessful case of psychotherapy: three comparisons. Metaphor Symbol. Act. 4, 203\u2013225 (1996)","journal-title":"Metaphor Symbol. Act."},{"key":"10_CR7","volume-title":"Philosophy in the Flesh","author":"G Lakoff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lakoff, G., Johnson, M.: Philosophy in the Flesh. Basic Books, New York (1999)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.1985.10402597","volume":"27","author":"O Van der Hart","year":"1985","unstructured":"Van der Hart, O.: Metaphoric hypnotic imagery in the treatment of functional amenorrhea. Am. J. Clin. Hypn. 27(3), 159\u2013165 (1985)","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"10_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association: Major Depressive Disorder. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC (2013)","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1037\/pst0000473","volume":"60","author":"LM McMullen","year":"2023","unstructured":"McMullen, L.M., Tay, D.: Research review of psychotherapists\u2019 use of metaphors. Psychother 60(3), 255\u2013265 (2023)","journal-title":"Psychother"},{"key":"10_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bond, R.R., et al.: Digital transformation of mental health services. npj Ment. Health Res. 2, 13 (2023)","DOI":"10.1038\/s44184-023-00033-y"},{"key":"10_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.103978","volume":"132","author":"AA Abd-Alrazaq","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abd-Alrazaq, A.A., et al.: An overview of the features of chatbots in mental health: a scoping review. Int. J. Med. Inform. 132, 103978 (2019)","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inform."},{"key":"10_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jhamtani, H., et al.: Investigating robustness of dialog models to popular figurative language constructs. In: Proceedings of EMNLP 2021, pp. 7476\u20137485 (2021)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.592"},{"key":"10_CR14","unstructured":"Tamkin, A., et al.: Understanding the capabilities, limitations, and societal impact of large language models (2021)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.105","volume":"2","author":"D Gentner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gentner, D., Forbus, K.D.: Computational models of analogy. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Cogn. Sci. 2(3), 266\u2013276 (2011)","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01659-w","volume":"7","author":"T Webb","year":"2023","unstructured":"Webb, T., et al.: Emergent analogical reasoning in large language models. Nat. Hum. Behav. 7, 1\u201316 (2023)","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"12","key":"10_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240376","volume":"15","author":"I Straw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Straw, I., Callison-Burch, C.: Artificial intelligence in mental health and the biases of language-based models. PLoS ONE 15(12), e0240376 (2020)","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1177\/053901882021004003","volume":"21","author":"R Plutchik","year":"1982","unstructured":"Plutchik, R.: A psychoevolutionary theory of emotions. Soc. Sci. Inf. 21(4\u20135), 529\u2013553 (1982)","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Inf."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939208411068","volume":"6","author":"P Ekman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ekman, P.: An argument for basic emotions. Cogn. Emot. 6(3\u20134), 169\u2013200 (1992)","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"issue":"6","key":"10_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","volume":"54","author":"D Watson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Watson, D., Clark, L.A., Tellegen, A.: Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 54(6), 1063\u20131070 (1988)","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.932","volume":"15","author":"MA Lieberman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lieberman, M.A., Goldstein, B.A.: Not all negative emotions are equal: the role of emotional expression in online support groups for women with breast cancer. Psychooncology 15(2), 160\u2013168 (2006)","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10040636","volume":"168","author":"JC Markowitz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Markowitz, J.C., Milrod, B.L.: The importance of responding to negative affect in psychotherapies. Am. J. Psychiatry 168(2), 124\u2013128 (2011)","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1525\/eth.1994.22.3.02a00030","volume":"22","author":"D Holland","year":"1994","unstructured":"Holland, D., Kipnis, A.: Metaphors for embarrassment and stories of exposure: the not-so-egocentric self in American culture. Ethos 22(3), 316\u2013342 (1994)","journal-title":"Ethos"},{"key":"10_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8484-5_10","volume-title":"Everyday Conceptions of Emotion","author":"D Holland","year":"1995","unstructured":"Holland, D., Kipnis, A.: The not-so-egotistic aspects of American self. In: Russell, J.A., Fernandez-Dols, J., Manstead, A., Wellenkamp, J.C. (eds.) Everyday Conceptions of Emotion, pp. 181\u2013202. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1995)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1177\/08980101221097212","volume":"41","author":"CT Beck","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beck, C.T.: Postpartum mood and anxiety disorders: a lexicon of metaphors. J. Holist. Nurs. 41(3), 246\u2013255 (2023)","journal-title":"J. Holist. Nurs."},{"key":"10_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-025-11297-5","volume":"58","author":"L Ke","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ke, L., Tong, S., Cheng, P., et al.: Exploring the frontiers of LLMs in psychological applications: a comprehensive review. Artif. Intell. Rev. 58, 305 (2025)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/59479","volume":"11","author":"HR Lawrence","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lawrence, H.R., Schneider, R.A., Rubin, S.B., Matari\u0107, M.J., McDuff, D.J., Jones Bell, M.: The opportunities and risks of large language models in mental health. JMIR Ment. Health 11, e59479 (2024)","journal-title":"JMIR Ment. Health"},{"key":"10_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543603","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2025.1543603","volume":"8","author":"R Vinay","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vinay, R., Spitale, G., Biller-Andorno, N., Germani, F.: Emotional prompting amplifies disinformation generation in AI large language models. Front. Artif. Intell. 8, 1543603 (2025)","journal-title":"Front. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"10_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1993.1013","volume":"25","author":"D Gentner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gentner, D., Rattermann, M.J., Forbus, K.D.: The roles of similarity in transfer: separating retrievability from inferential soundness. Cogn. Psychol. 25(4), 524\u2013575 (1993)","journal-title":"Cogn. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Behavioural and Social Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-95-7144-4_10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T06:32:57Z","timestamp":1774247577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-95-7144-4_10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9789819571437","9789819571444"],"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-95-7144-4_10","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"BESC","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Behavioural and Social Computing","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Hong Kong SAR","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"China","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18 October 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"besc2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/besc-conf.org\/2025\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}