{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T22:58:44Z","timestamp":1781045924193,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Nature Singapore","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789819572502","type":"print"},{"value":"9789819572519","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-95-7251-9_18","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T22:25:11Z","timestamp":1781043911000},"page":"260-274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of\u00a0Neuro-Symbolic Embedding Approaches: Assessing Knowledge Representation and\u00a0Latent Space Reasoning Capabilities"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Ludwig","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salima","family":"Benbernou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mourad","family":"Ouziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"18_CR1","unstructured":"Athiwaratkun, B., Wilson, A.G.: Hierarchical density order embeddings. In: 6th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada, April 30 - May 3, 2018, Conference Track Proceedings. OpenReview.net (2018)"},{"key":"18_CR2","unstructured":"Baader, F., Calvanese, D., McGuinness, D.L., Nardi, D., Patel-Schneider, P.F. (eds.): The description logic handbook: theory, implementation, and applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2003)"},{"key":"18_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2021.103649","volume":"303","author":"S Badreddine","year":"2022","unstructured":"Badreddine, S., d\u2019Avila Garcez, A.S., Serafini, L., Spranger, M.: Logic tensor networks. Artif. Intell. 303, 103649 (2022)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"18_CR4","unstructured":"Balazevic, I., Allen, C., Hospedales, T.M.: Multi-relational poincar\u00e9 graph embeddings. In: Wallach, H.M., Larochelle, H., Beygelzimer, A., d\u2019Alch\u00e9-Buc, F., Fox, E.B., Garnett, R. (eds.) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2019, NeurIPS 2019, December 8-14, 2019, Vancouver, BC, Canada. pp. 4465\u20134475 (2019)"},{"key":"18_CR5","unstructured":"Bordes, A., Usunier, N., Garc\u00eda-Dur\u00e1n, A., Weston, J., Yakhnenko, O.: Translating embeddings for modeling multi-relational data. In: Burges, C.J.C., Bottou, L., Ghahramani, Z., Weinberger, K.Q. (eds.) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 26: 27th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2013. Proceedings of a meeting held December 5-8, 2013, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, United States, pp. 2787\u20132795 (2013)"},{"issue":"5","key":"18_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1007\/s11280-023-01169-9","volume":"26","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, J., He, Y., Geng, Y., Jim\u00e9nez-Ruiz, E., Dong, H., Horrocks, I.: Contextual semantic embeddings for ontology subsumption prediction. World Wide Web (WWW) 26(5), 2569\u20132591 (2023)","journal-title":"World Wide Web (WWW)"},{"issue":"7","key":"18_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-021-05997-6","volume":"110","author":"J Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, J., Hu, P., Jim\u00e9nez-Ruiz, E., Holter, O.M., Antonyrajah, D., Horrocks, I.: Owl2vec*: embedding of OWL ontologies. Mach. Learn. 110(7), 1813\u20131845 (2021)","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"issue":"7","key":"18_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4193","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2025.3559023","volume":"37","author":"J Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, J., Mashkova, O., Zhapa-Camacho, F., Hoehndorf, R., He, Y., Horrocks, I.: Ontology embedding: a survey of methods, applications and resources. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 37(7), 4193\u20134212 (2025)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"18_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1.11944","volume":"67","author":"WW Cohen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cohen, W.W., Yang, F., Mazaitis, K.: Tensorlog: a probabilistic database implemented using deep-learning infrastructure. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 67, 285\u2013325 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Artif. Intell. Res."},{"key":"18_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hoffmann, J., et al.: Training compute-optimal large language models (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2203.15556, http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2203.15556, arXiv:2203.15556","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2203.15556"},{"key":"18_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hogan, A., et al.: Knowledge graphs. ACM Comput. Surv. 54(4), 1\u201337 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3447772","DOI":"10.1145\/3447772"},{"key":"18_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackermeier, M., Chen, J., Horrocks, I.: Dual box embeddings for the description logic el$$ ^{\\text{++}}$$. In: Chua, T., Ngo, C., Kumar, R., Lauw, H.W., Lee, R.K. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024, WWW 2024, Singapore, May 13-17, 2024, pp. 2250\u20132258. ACM (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3589334.3645648"},{"key":"18_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joshi, M., Choi, E., Weld, D.S., Zettlemoyer, L.: Triviaqa: a large scale distantly supervised challenge dataset for reading comprehension. In: Barzilay, R., Kan, M. (eds.) Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2017, Vancouver, Canada, July 30 - August 4, Volume 1: Long Papers, pp. 1601\u20131611. Association for Computational Linguistics (2017)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1147"},{"key":"18_CR14","unstructured":"Kahneman, D.: Thinking, fast and slow. Thinking, fast and slow, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, NY, US (2011), p. 499"},{"key":"18_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karpukhin, V., Oguz, B., Min, S., Lewis, P., Wu, L., Edunov, S., Chen, D., Yih, W.: Dense passage retrieval for open-domain question answering. In: Webber, B., Cohn, T., He, Y., Liu, Y. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2020, Online, November 16-20, 2020, pp. 6769\u20136781. Association for Computational Linguistics (2020)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.550"},{"key":"18_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kwiatkowski, T., et al.: Natural questions: a benchmark for question answering research. Trans. Ass. Comput. Linguis. 7, 452\u2013466 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/tacl_a_00276, https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/Q19-1026\/, place: Cambridge, MA Publisher: MIT Press","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00276"},{"key":"18_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, N., Bouraoui, Z., Schockaert, S.: Ontology completion using graph convolutional networks. In: Ghidini, C., et al, (eds.) The Semantic Web - ISWC 2019 - 18th International Semantic Web Conference, Auckland, New Zealand, October 26-30, 2019, Proceedings, Part I. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11778, pp. 435\u2013452. Springer (2019)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30793-6_25"},{"key":"18_CR18","unstructured":"Manhaeve, R., Dumancic, S., Kimmig, A., Demeester, T., Raedt, L.D.: Deepproblog: neural probabilistic logic programming. CoRR abs\/1805.10872 (2018)"},{"key":"18_CR19","unstructured":"McGuinness, D.L., van Harmelen, F.: Owl web ontology language overview. W3C Recommendation (2004). https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/owl-features\/, w3C Recommendation, 10 February 2004"},{"key":"18_CR20","unstructured":"Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., Dean, J.: Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. In: Bengio, Y., LeCun, Y. (eds.) 1st International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2013, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA, May 2-4, 2013, Workshop Track Proceedings (2013)"},{"key":"18_CR21","unstructured":"Minervini, P., Bosnjak, M., Rockt\u00e4schel, T., Riedel, S.: Towards neural theorem proving at scale. CoRR abs\/1807.08204 (2018)"},{"key":"18_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nickel, M., Murphy, K., Tresp, V., Gabrilovich, E.: A review of relational machine learning for knowledge graphs. Proc. IEEE 104(1), 11\u201333 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JPROC.2015.2483592","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2015.2483592"},{"key":"18_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pennington, J., Socher, R., Manning, C.D.: Glove: global vectors for word representation. In: Moschitti, A., Pang, B., Daelemans, W. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2014, October 25-29, 2014, Doha, Qatar, A meeting of SIGDAT, a Special Interest Group of the ACL, pp. 1532\u20131543. ACL (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1162"},{"key":"18_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajpurkar, P., Zhang, J., Lopyrev, K., Liang, P.: Squad: 100, 000+ questions for machine comprehension of text. In: Su, J., Carreras, X., Duh, K. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2016, Austin, Texas, USA, November 1-4, 2016, pp. 2383\u20132392. The Association for Computational Linguistics (2016)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1264"},{"key":"18_CR25","unstructured":"Sattler, U., Horrocks, I., Baader, F.: Complexity of reasoning in expressive description logics. In: International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning (IJCAR), pp. 146\u2013151. Springer (2006)"},{"issue":"12","key":"18_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty933","volume":"35","author":"FZ Smaili","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smaili, F.Z., Gao, X., Hoehndorf, R.: Opa2vec: combining formal and informal content of biomedical ontologies to improve similarity-based prediction. Bioinform. 35(12), 2133\u20132140 (2019)","journal-title":"Bioinform."},{"key":"18_CR27","unstructured":"Trouillon, T., Welbl, J., Riedel, S., Gaussier, \u00c9., Bouchard, G.: Complex embeddings for simple link prediction. In: Balcan, M., Weinberger, K.Q. (eds.) Proceedings of the 33nd International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2016, New York City, NY, USA, June 19-24, 2016. JMLR Workshop and Conference Proceedings, vol.\u00a048, pp. 2071\u20132080. JMLR.org (2016)"},{"key":"18_CR28","unstructured":"Vashishth, S., Sanyal, S., Nitin, V., Talukdar, P.P.: Composition-based multi-relational graph convolutional networks. In: 8th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2020, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, April 26-30, 2020. OpenReview.net (2020)"},{"key":"18_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., et al.: Simple and effective relation-based embedding propagation for knowledge representation learning. In: Raedt, L.D. (ed.) Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-29 July 2022, pp. 2755\u20132761. ijcai.org (2022)","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2022\/382"},{"issue":"12","key":"18_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2017.2754499","volume":"29","author":"Q Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, Q., Mao, Z., Wang, B., Guo, L.: Knowledge graph embedding: a survey of approaches and applications. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 29(12), 2724\u20132743 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TKDE.2017.2754499","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"18_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, X., Ren, Z., Wang, J., Cai, Y., Su, Y., Wang, W.: Logical rule-based knowledge graph reasoning: a comprehensive survey. Mathematics 11(21), 4486 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/math11214486, https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-7390\/11\/21\/4486","DOI":"10.3390\/math11214486"},{"key":"18_CR32","unstructured":"Yang, B., Yih, W., He, X., Gao, J., Deng, L.: Embedding entities and relations for learning and inference in knowledge bases. In: Bengio, Y., LeCun, Y. (eds.) 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2015, San Diego, CA, USA, May 7-9, 2015, Conference Track Proceedings (2015)"},{"key":"18_CR33","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Wang, J., Chen, J., Ji, S., Wu, F.: Cone: cone embeddings for multi-hop reasoning over knowledge graphs. In: Ranzato, M., Beygelzimer, A., Dauphin, Y.N., Liang, P., Vaughan, J.W. (eds.) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 34: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2021, NeurIPS 2021, December 6-14, 2021, virtual, pp. 19172\u201319183 (2021)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Web Information Systems Engineering \u2013 WISE 2025"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-95-7251-9_18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T22:25:18Z","timestamp":1781043918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-95-7251-9_18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9789819572502","9789819572519"],"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-95-7251-9_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 May 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of Interest"}},{"value":"WISE","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Marrakech","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Morocco","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"17 December 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"wise2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/wise2025.ficloud.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}