{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T22:58:43Z","timestamp":1781045923558,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Nature Singapore","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789819572502","type":"print"},{"value":"9789819572519","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-95-7251-9_35","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T22:25:28Z","timestamp":1781043928000},"page":"521-531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CODE ACROSTIC: Robust Watermarking for\u00a0Code Generation"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6424-8633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7141-708X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"35_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boiko, D.A., MacKnight, R., Kline, B., Gomes, G.: Autonomous chemical research with large language models. Nature, 624(7992), 570\u2013578 (2023)","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06792-0"},{"key":"35_CR2","unstructured":"Zhao, W.X., et\u00a0al.: A survey of large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.18223 (2023)"},{"key":"35_CR3","unstructured":"Li, R., et\u00a0al.: Starcoder: may the source be with you! arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.06161 (2023)"},{"key":"35_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasneci, E., Sessler, K., K \u00fcchemann, S., Bannert, M., et\u00a0al.: Chatgpt for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learn. Individual Diff. (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2023.102274"},{"key":"35_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghimire, A., Edwards, J.: Coding with AI: how are tools like ChatGpt being used by students in foundational programming courses. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pages 259\u2013267. Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-64299-9_20"},{"key":"35_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji, Z., et al.: Survey of hallucination in natural language generation. ACM Comput. Surv. (2023)","DOI":"10.1145\/3571730"},{"key":"35_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, W., Tang, D., Xu, Z., Wang, R., et\u00a0al.: Neural deepfake detection with factual structure of text. In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 2461\u20132470. Association for Computational Linguistics (2020)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.193"},{"key":"35_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koike, R., Kaneko, M., Okazaki, N.: Outfox: LLM-generated essay detection through in-context learning with adversarially generated examples. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 21258\u201321266 (2024)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i19.30120"},{"key":"35_CR9","unstructured":"Kirchenbauer, J., Geiping, J., Wen, Y., Katz, J., Miers, I., Goldstein, T.: A watermark for large language models. In: Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, pp. 17061\u201317084. PMLR (2023)"},{"key":"35_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taehyun et\u00a0al.: Lee. Who wrote this code? watermarking for code generation. In Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 4890\u20134911. Association for Computational Linguistics (2024)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.268"},{"key":"35_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Liu, A., Yu, D., Li, J., King, I.: An entropy-based text watermarking detection method. arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.13485 (2024)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.630"},{"issue":"2","key":"35_CR12","first-page":"1","volume":"57","author":"A Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, A., et al.: A survey of text watermarking in the era of large language models. ACM Comput. Surv. 57(2), 1\u201336 (2024)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"35_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atallah, M.J., et al.: Natural language watermarking: Design, analysis, and a proof-of-concept implementation. In: Ira\u00a0S. Moskowitz, editor, Information Hiding, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 185\u2013200. Springer (2001)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45496-9_14"},{"key":"35_CR14","unstructured":"Christ, M., Gunn, S., Zamir,O.: Undetectable watermarks for language models. In: The Thirty Seventh Annual Conference on Learning Theory, pp. 1125\u20131139. PMLR (2024)"},{"key":"35_CR15","unstructured":"Fairoze, J., Garg, S., Jha, S., Mahloujifar, S., Mahmoody, M., Wang, M.: Publicly detectable watermarking for language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.18491, 2023"},{"key":"35_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, J., Zhao, X., Yang, R., Zhang, Y., et\u00a0al.: Gumbelsoft: diversified language model watermarking via the gumbelmax-trick. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.12948 2024","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.315"},{"issue":"8035","key":"35_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08025-4","volume":"634","author":"S Dathathri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dathathri, S., et al.: Scalable watermarking for identifying large language model outputs. Nature 634(8035), 818\u2013823 (2024)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"35_CR18","unstructured":"Yang, X., et al.: Watermarking text generated by black-box language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.08883 (2023)"},{"key":"35_CR19","unstructured":"Boquan Li, Mengdi Zhang, Peixin Zhang, Jun Sun, and Xingmei Wang. Resilient watermarking for llm-generated codes. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.07518 2024"},{"key":"35_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Z., Du, X., Song, F., Li, L.: Codemark: imperceptible watermarking for code datasets against neural code completion models. In: Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, pp. 1561\u20131572 (2023)","DOI":"10.1145\/3611643.3616297"},{"key":"35_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BGuan, L., Wan, Y., Bi, Z., Wang, Z., et\u00a0al.: Codeip: a grammar-guided multi-bit watermark for large language models of code. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.15639 (2024)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-emnlp.541"},{"key":"35_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J., Park, S., Han, Y.-S.: Marking code without breaking it: code watermarking for detecting LLM-generated code. arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.18851 (2025)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2026.findings-eacl.207"},{"key":"35_CR23","unstructured":"Suresh, T., Ugare, S., Singh, G., Misailovic, S.: Is watermarking LLM-generated code robust? In: The Second Tiny Papers Track at ICLR 2024 (2024)"},{"key":"35_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lutellier, T., Pham, H.V., Pang, L., Li, Y., et\u00a0al.: CoCoNuT: combining context-aware neural translation models using ensemble for program repair. In: Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, ISSTA 2020, pp. 101\u2013114. Association for Computing Machinery (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3395363.3397369"},{"key":"35_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, L., Liu, A., He, Z., Gao, Z., et\u00a0al.: Markllm: an open-source toolkit for LLM watermarking. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.10051 (2024)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.emnlp-demo.7"},{"key":"35_CR26","unstructured":"Guo, D., et\u00a0al.: Deepseek-coder: when the large language model meets programming\u2013the rise of code intelligence. arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.14196 (2024)"},{"key":"35_CR27","unstructured":"Chen, M., Tworek, J., Jun, H., et\u00a0al.: Evaluating large language models trained on code. arXiv preprint arXiv:2107.03374 (2021)"},{"key":"35_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Z., Huang, H.: Inevitable trade-off between watermark strength and speculative sampling efficiency for language models. In: The Thirty-eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (2024)","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-1758"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Web Information Systems Engineering \u2013 WISE 2025"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-95-7251-9_35","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T22:25:32Z","timestamp":1781043932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-95-7251-9_35"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9789819572502","9789819572519"],"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-95-7251-9_35","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 May 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"WISE","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Marrakech","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Morocco","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"17 December 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"wise2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/wise2025.ficloud.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}