{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:25:26Z","timestamp":1775175926646,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,10,1]],"date-time":"1996-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":844128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Intell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00132738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,2]],"date-time":"2004-11-02T18:42:58Z","timestamp":1099420978000},"page":"345-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["A genetic algorithm for vehicle routing with backhauling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jean-Yves","family":"Potvin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Duhamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\ufffdois","family":"Guertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","unstructured":"J.E. Baker, ?Adaptive selection methods for genetic algorithms?, in Proceedings of the Int. Conf. on Genetic Algorithms, Pittsburgh, 1985, pp, 101?111."},{"key":"CR2","unstructured":"J.E. Baker, ?Reducing bias and inefficiency in the selection algorithm?, in Proceedings of the Second Int. Conf. on Genetic Algorithms, Cambridge, MA, 1987, pp. 14?21."},{"key":"CR3","unstructured":"J.L. Blanton and R.L. Wainwright, ?Multiple vehicle routing with time and capacity constraints using genetic algorithms?, in Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, Champaign, IL, 1993, pp. 452?459."},{"key":"CR4","unstructured":"D. Casco, B.L. Golden, and E. Wasil, ?Vehicle routing with backhauls: Models, algorithms, and case studies?, in Vehicle Routing: Methods and Studies, edited by B.L. Golden and A.A. Assad, Elsevier, pp. 127?147, 1988."},{"key":"CR5","unstructured":"L. Davis, ?Applying adaptive algorithms to epistactic domains?, in Proceedings of the Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Los Angeles, CA, 1985, pp. 162?164."},{"key":"CR6","volume-title":"Handbook of Genetic Algorithms","author":"L. Davis","year":"1991","unstructured":"L. Davis, Handbook of Genetic Algorithms, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New-York, 1991."},{"key":"CR7","unstructured":"I. Deif and L. Bodin, ?Extension of the Clarke and Wright algorithm for solving the vehicle routing problem with backhauling?, in Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Software Uses in Transportation and Logistics Management, edited by A.E. Kidder, Babson Park, MA, 1984, pp. 75?96."},{"key":"CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.40.2.342","volume":"40","author":"M. Desrochers","year":"1992","unstructured":"M. Desrochers, J. Desrosiers, and M.M. Solomon, ?A new optimization algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with time windows?, Operations Research40, pp. 342?354, 1992.","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"CR9","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Foundations of Genetic Algorithms","author":"L.J. Eshelman","year":"1991","unstructured":"L.J. Eshelman, ?The CHC adaptive search algorithm: How to have safe search when engaging in nontraditional genetic recombination?, in Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, edited by G.J.E. Rawlins, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, pp. 265?283, 1991."},{"key":"CR10","unstructured":"S. G\u00e9linas, M. Desrochers, J. Desrosiers, and M.M. Solomon, ?Vehicle routing with backhauling?, Technical Report G-92-13, Groupe d'\u00e9tudes et de recherche en analyse des d\u00e9cisions, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 1992."},{"key":"CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(89)90057-X","volume":"42","author":"M. Goetschalckx","year":"1989","unstructured":"M. Goetschalckx and C. Jacobs-Blecha, ?The vehicle routing problem with backhauls?, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 42, pp. 39?51, 1989.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"CR12","series-title":"Working Paper","volume-title":"Improved heuristics for the vehicle routing problem with time windows","author":"G. Kontoravdis","year":"1992","unstructured":"G. Kontoravdis and J. Bard, ?Improved heuristics for the vehicle routing problem with time windows?, Working Paper, Operations Research Group, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 1992."},{"key":"CR13","unstructured":"I.M. Oliver, D.J. Smith, and J.R.C. Holland, ?A study of permutation crossover operators on the traveling salesman problem?, in Proceedings of the Second Int. Conf. on Genetic Algorithms, Cambridge, MA, 1987, pp. 224?230."},{"key":"CR14","unstructured":"I. Or, ?Traveling salesman-type combinatorial problems and their relation to the logistics of blood banking?, Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, Northwestern University, 1976."},{"key":"CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(93)90221-8","volume":"66","author":"J.Y. Potvin","year":"1993","unstructured":"J.Y. Potvin and J.M. Rousseau, ?A parallel route building algorithm for the vehicle routing and scheduling problem with time windows?, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 66, pp. 331?340, 1993.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"CR16","unstructured":"D. Smith, ?Bin packing with adaptive search?, in Proceedings of the First Int. Conf. on Genetic Algorithms and their Applications, Pittsburgh, PA, 1985, pp. 202?207."},{"key":"CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.35.2.254","volume":"35","author":"M.M. Solomon","year":"1987","unstructured":"M.M. Solomon, ?Algorithms for the vehicle routing and scheduling problems with time window constraints?, Operations Research, vol. 35. pp. 254?265, 1987.","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"CR18","volume-title":"Technical Report SRU-CpSc-TR-93-23","author":"S.R. Thangiah","year":"1993","unstructured":"S.R. Thangiah, ?Vehicle routing with time windows using genetic algorithms?, Technical Report SRU-CpSc-TR-93?23, Computer Science Department, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA, 1993."},{"key":"CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.41.5.935","volume":"41","author":"P. Thompson","year":"1993","unstructured":"P. Thompson and H. Psaraftis, ?Cyclic transfer algorithms for multivehicle routing and scheduling problems?, Operations Research, vol. 41, pp. 935?946, 1993.","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"CR20","unstructured":"D. Whitley, ?The Genitor algorithm and selection pressure: Why rank-based allocation of reproductive trials is best?, in Proceedings of the Third Int. Conf. on Genetic Algorithms, Fairfax, VA, 1989, pp. 116?121."}],"container-title":["Applied Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00132738.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00132738\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00132738","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T06:22:46Z","timestamp":1554272566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00132738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00132738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00132738","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-669X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]}}}