{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T12:12:20Z","timestamp":1744719140192},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]],"date-time":"1994-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":767750400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biol. Cybern."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00198914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,29]],"date-time":"2004-08-29T05:12:01Z","timestamp":1093756321000},"page":"87-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Abnormal motor patterns in the framework of the equilibrium-point hypothesis: a cause for dystonic movements?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Latash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simon R.","family":"Gutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF00198914_CR1","first-page":"925","volume":"10","author":"DG Asatryan","year":"1965","unstructured":"Asatryan DG, Feldman AG (1965) Functional tuning of the nervous system with control of movements or maintenance of a steady posture. I. Mechanographic analysis of the work of the limb on execution of a postural task. Biophysics 10:925\u2013935","journal-title":"Biophysics"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02259118","volume":"88","author":"DJ Bennett","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bennett DJ, Hollerbach JM, Xu Y, Hunter IW (1992) Time-varying stiffness of human elbow joint during cyclic voluntary movement. Exp Brain Res 88:433\u2013442","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1982.10735273","volume":"14","author":"WR Davis","year":"1982","unstructured":"Davis WR, Kelso JAS (1982) Analysis of \u201cinvariant characteristics\u201d in the motor control of Down's syndrome and normal subjects. J Motor Behav 14:194\u2013212","journal-title":"J Motor Behav"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR4","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Dystonia 2. (Advances in neurology, vol 50)","author":"S Fahn","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fahn S (1988) Concept and classification of dystonia. In: Fahn S, Marsden CD, Calne DB (eds) Dystonia 2. (Advances in neurology, vol 50). Raven Press, New York, pp 1\u20138"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR5","first-page":"565","volume":"11","author":"AG Feldman","year":"1966","unstructured":"Feldman AG (1966) Functional tuning of the nervous system with control of movement or maintenance of a steady posture. II. Controllable parameters of the muscle. Biophysics 11:565\u2013578","journal-title":"Biophysics"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(80)90073-1","volume":"5","author":"AG Feldman","year":"1980","unstructured":"Feldman AG (1980) Superposition of motor programs. I. Rhythmic forearm movements in man. Neurosciences 5:81\u201390","journal-title":"Neurosciences"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1986.10735369","volume":"18","author":"AG Feldman","year":"1986","unstructured":"Feldman AG (1986) Once more on the equilibrium-point hypothesis (\u03bb model) for motor control. J Motor Behav 18:17\u201354","journal-title":"J Motor Behav"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(72)90091-X","volume":"37","author":"AG Feldman","year":"1972","unstructured":"Feldman AG, Orlovsky GN (1972) The influence of different descending systems on the tonic stretch reflex in the cat. Exp Neurol 37:481\u2013494","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-9030-5_12","volume-title":"Multiple muscle systems. Biomechanics and movement organization","author":"AG Feldman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Feldman AG, Adamovitch SV, Ostry DJ, Flanagan JR (1990) The origin of electromyograms\u2014explanations based on the equilibrium point hypothesis. In: Winters JM, Woo SL-Y (eds) Multiple muscle systems. Biomechanics and movement organization Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, New York, pp 195\u2013213"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.05-07-01688.1985","volume":"5","author":"T Flash","year":"1985","unstructured":"Flash T, Hogan N (1985) The coordination of arm movements: an experimentally confirmed mathematical model. J Neurosci 5:1688\u20131703","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR11","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Dystonia 2. (Advances in neurology, vol 50)","author":"G Ghez","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ghez G, Gordon J, Hening W (1988) Trajectory control in dystonia. In: Fahn S, Marsden CD, Calne DB (eds) Dystonia 2. (Advances in neurology, vol 50). Raven Press, New York, pp 141\u2013155"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.59.3.937","volume":"59","author":"GL Gottlieb","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gottlieb GL, Agarwal GC (1988) Compliance of single joints: elastic and plastic characteristics. J Neurophysiol 59:937\u2013951","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1965.28.3.599","volume":"28","author":"E Henneman","year":"1965","unstructured":"Henneman E, Somjen G, Carpenter DO (1965) Excitability and inhibitibility of motoneurones of different sizes. J Neurophysiol 28:599\u2013620","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1944.02290280003001","volume":"51","author":"E Herz","year":"1944","unstructured":"Herz E (1944) Dystonia I. Historical review, analysis of dystonic symptoms and physiologic mechanisms involved. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 51:305\u2013318","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR15","first-page":"417","volume":"44","author":"PFA Hoefer","year":"1940","unstructured":"Hoefer PFA, Putnam TJ (1940) Action potentials of muscles in athetosis and Syndenham chorea. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 44:417\u2013431","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-11-02745.1984","volume":"4","author":"N Hogan","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hogan N (1984) An organizational principle for a class of voluntary movements. J Neurosci 4:2745\u20132754","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.8.782","volume":"48","author":"M Hughes","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hughes M, McLellan DL (1985) Increased co-activation of the upper limb muscles in writer's cramp. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 48:782\u2013787","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR18","volume-title":"Control of human movement","author":"ML Latash","year":"1993","unstructured":"Latash ML (1993) Control of human movement. Human Kinetics, Champaign"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1991.10118361","volume":"23","author":"ML Latash","year":"1991","unstructured":"Latash ML, Gottlieb GL (1991) An equilibrium-point model of dynamic regulation for fast single-joint movements. II. Similarity of isometric and isotonic programs. J Motor Behav 23:179\u2013191","journal-title":"J Motor Behav"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90252-W","volume":"47","author":"ML Latash","year":"1992","unstructured":"Latash ML, Gottlieb GL (1992) Virtual trajectories of single-joint movements performed under two basic strategies. Neuroscience 47:357\u2013365","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1924.0023","volume":"96","author":"EGT Liddell","year":"1924","unstructured":"Liddell EGT, Sherrington CS (1924) Reflexes in response to stretch (myotatic reflexes) Proc R Soc London Biol 96:212\u2013242","journal-title":"Proc R Soc London Biol"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR22","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Dystonia 2. (Advances in neurology, vol 50)","author":"CD Marsden","year":"1988","unstructured":"Marsden CD (1988) Investigation of dystonia. In: Fahn S, Marsden CD, Calne DB (eds) Dystonia 2. (Advances in neurology, vol 50). Raven Press, New York, pp 35\u201344"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/97.1.793","volume":"97","author":"CD Marsden","year":"1974","unstructured":"Marsden CD, Harrison MJG (1974) Idiopathic torsion dystonia. Brain 97:793\u2013810","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1959.sp006260","volume":"47","author":"PBC Matthews","year":"1959","unstructured":"Matthews PBC (1959) The dependence of tension upon extension in the stretch reflex of the soleus of the decerebrate cat. J Physiol 47:521\u2013546","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.3.681","volume":"112","author":"K Nakashima","year":"1989","unstructured":"Nakashima K, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Thompson PD, Shannon K, Marsden CD (1989) Reciprocal inhibition between forearm muscles in patients with writer's cramp and other occupational cramps, symptomatic hemidystonia and hemiparesis due to stroke. Brain 112:681\u2013697","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00238859","volume":"62","author":"TR Nichols","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nichols TR, Steeves JD (1986) Resetting of resultant siffness in ankle flexor and extensor muscles in the decerebrate cat. Exp Brain Res 62:401\u2013410","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR27","first-page":"391","volume":"50","author":"NP Quinn","year":"1988","unstructured":"Quinn NP, Rothwell JC, Thompson PD, Marsden CD (1988) Hereditary myoclonic dystonia, hereditary torsion dystonia and hereditary essential myoclonus: an area of confusion. Adv Neurol 50:391\u2013401","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR28","first-page":"851","volume-title":"Motor control mechanisms in health and disease. (Advances in Neurology, vol 39)","author":"JC Rothwell","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rothwell JC, Obeso JA, Day BL, Marsden CD (1983) Pathophysiology of dystonias. In: Desmedt JE (ed) Motor control mechanisms in health and disease. (Advances in Neurology, vol 39). Raven Press, New York, pp 851\u2013863"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR29","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Dystonia 2, Advances in Neurology, vol. 50","author":"IC Rothwell","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rothwell IC, Day BL, Obeso JA, Berardelli A, Marsden CD (1988) Reciprocal inhibition between muscles of the human forearm in normal subjects and in patients with idiopathic torsion dystonia. In: Fahn S, Marsden CD, Calne DB (eds) Dystonia 2, Advances in Neurology, vol. 50. Raven Press, New York, pp 133\u2013140"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(83)90171-9","volume":"9","author":"MH Vincken","year":"1983","unstructured":"Vincken MH, Gielen CCAM, Denier van der Gon JJ (1983) Intrinsic and afferent components in apparent muscle stiffness in man. euroscience 9:529\u2013534","journal-title":"euroscience"},{"key":"BF00198914_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-9030-5_44","volume-title":"Multiple muscle systems. Biomechanics and movement organization","author":"DA Winter","year":"1990","unstructured":"Winter DA, Olney SJ, Conrad J, White SC, Ounpuu S, Gage JR (1990) Adaptability of motor patterns in pathological gait. In: Winters JM, Woo SL-Y (eds) Multiple muscle systems. Biomechanics and movement organization. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 680\u2013693"}],"container-title":["Biological Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00198914.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00198914\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00198914","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T10:27:05Z","timestamp":1554287225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00198914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00198914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00198914","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-1200","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0770","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]}}}