{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T10:16:00Z","timestamp":1773656160399,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]],"date-time":"1992-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":715305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biol. Cybern."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00200984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,30]],"date-time":"2004-08-30T12:23:17Z","timestamp":1093868597000},"page":"403-415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Biomechanics of a muscular hydrostat: a model of lapping by a reptilian tongue"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Hillel J.","family":"Chiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Crago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"Hathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF00200984_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00365524","volume":"22","author":"P Bawa","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bawa P, Mannard A, Stein RB (1976) Predictions and experimental tests of a visco-elastic muscle model using elastic and inertial loads. Biol Cybern 22:139\u2013149","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674184404.c13","volume-title":"Functional vertebrate morphology","author":"DM Bramble","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bramble DM, Wake DB (1985) Feeding mechanisms of lower tetrapods. In: Hildebrand M, Bramble DM, Liem KF and Wake DB (eds) Functional vertebrate morphology, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 230\u2013261"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010369","volume":"234","author":"RE Burke","year":"1973","unstructured":"Burke RE, Levine DN, Tsairis P, Zajac FEI (1973) Physiological types and histochemical profiles in motor units of cat gastrocnemius. J Physiol 234:723\u2013748","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010370","volume":"234","author":"RE Burke","year":"1973","unstructured":"Burke RE, Tsairis P (1973) Anatomy and innervation ratios in motor units of cat gastrocnemius. J Physiol 234:749\u2013765","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.27.1.29","volume":"27","author":"G Chapman","year":"1950","unstructured":"Chapman G (1950) Of the movement of worms. J Exp Biol 27:29\u201339","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crago PE (1992) Muscle input\/output model: the static dependence of force on length, recruitment and firing period. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 39","DOI":"10.1109\/10.148397"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR7","first-page":"117","volume":"16","author":"PE Crago","year":"1990","unstructured":"Crago PE, Chiel HJ, Mansour JM (1990a) Neural control of a muscular hydrostat: simulation of the biomechanics of a reptilian tongue. Soc Neurosci Abstr 16 (Part 1):117","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR8","unstructured":"Crago PE, Chiel HJ, Mansour JM, Hathi K (1990b) Control of a reptilian tongue: Coupling of a neural network, muscle properties, and the biomechanics of a muscular hydrostat. First World Congress of Biomechanics, San Diego, CA"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(74)90052-9","volume":"7","author":"SA Glantz","year":"1974","unstructured":"Glantz SA (1974) A constitutive equation for the passive properties of muscle. J. Biomech 7:137\u2013145","journal-title":"J. Biomech"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR10","series-title":"Master's Thesis","volume-title":"The biomechanics and neural control of a muscular hydrostat","author":"K Hathi","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hathi K (1989) The biomechanics and neural control of a muscular hydrostat. Master's Thesis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674184404.c14","volume-title":"Functional vertebrate morphology","author":"KM Hiiemae","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hiiemae KM, Crompton AW (1985) Mastication, food transport and swallowing. In Hildebrand M, Bramble DM, Liem KF, Wake DB (eds) Functional vertebrate morphology, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 262\u2013290"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00355754","volume":"52","author":"N Hogan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hogan N (1985) The mechanics of multi-joint posture and movement control. Biol Cybern 52:315\u2013331","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1971.34.6.1051","volume":"34","author":"JC Houk","year":"1971","unstructured":"Houk JC, Singer JJ, Henneman E (1971) Adequate stimulus for tendon organs with observations on mechanics of ankle joint. J Neurophysiol 34:1051\u20131065","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60737-2","volume-title":"Understanding the stretch reflex, 44","author":"D Kernell","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kernell D (1976) Recruitment, rate modulation and the tonic stretch reflex. In: Homma S (ed) Understanding the stretch reflex, 44. Elsevier, New York, pp 257\u2013266"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01178.x","volume":"83","author":"WM Kier","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kier WM, Smith KK (1985) Tongues, tentacles, and trunks: The biomechanics of movement in muscular-hydrostats. Zool J Linn Soc 83:307\u2013324","journal-title":"Zool J Linn Soc"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3171749","volume":"53","author":"G Orgill","year":"1986","unstructured":"Orgill G, Wilson JF (1986) Finite deformations of nonlinear, orthotropic cylindrical shells. J Appl Mech 53:257\u2013265","journal-title":"J Appl Mech"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1969.sp008923","volume":"204","author":"PMH Rack","year":"1969","unstructured":"Rack PMH, Westbury DR (1969) The effect of stimulus rate on tension in the isometric cat soleus muscle. J Physiol 204:443\u2013460","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR18","first-page":"923","volume":"22","author":"K Schwenk","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schwenk K (1982) Lizard tongue morphology: Disparate functions and compromise designs. Am Zool 22:923 One page abstract","journal-title":"Am Zool"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1984.tb04290.x","volume":"202","author":"KK Smith","year":"1984","unstructured":"Smith KK (1984) The use of the tongue and hyoid apparatus during feeding in lizards (Ctenosaura similis and Tupinambis nigropunctatus). J Zool, London 202:115\u2013143","journal-title":"J Zool, London"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051870302","volume":"187","author":"KK Smith","year":"1986","unstructured":"Smith KK (1986) Morphology and function of the tongue and hyoid apparatus in Varanus (Varanidae, Lacertilia). J Morph 187:261\u2013287","journal-title":"J Morph"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051960205","volume":"196","author":"KK Smith","year":"1988","unstructured":"Smith KK (1988) Form and function of the tongue in agamid lizards with comments on its phylogenetic significance. J Morph 196:157\u2013171","journal-title":"J Morph"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR22","first-page":"29","volume":"77","author":"KK Smith","year":"1989","unstructured":"Smith KK, Kier WM (1989) Trunks, tongues, and tentacles: moving with skeletons of muscle. Am Sci 77:29\u201335","journal-title":"Am Sci"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1980.44.5.951","volume":"44","author":"SA Spector","year":"1980","unstructured":"Spector SA, Gardiner PF, Zernicke RA, Roy RR, Edgerton VR (1980) Muscle architecture and force-velocity characteristics of cat soleus and medial gastrocnemius: implications for motor control. J Neurophysiol 44:951\u2013960","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR24","first-page":"277","volume":"72","author":"JC Tabary","year":"1976","unstructured":"Tabary JC, Tardieu C, Tardieu G, Tabary C, Gagnard L (1976) Functional adaptation of sarcomere number of normal cat muscle. J Physiol (Paris) 72:277\u2013291","journal-title":"J Physiol (Paris)"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402500302","volume":"250","author":"AJ Thexton","year":"1989","unstructured":"Thexton AJ, Crompton AW (1989) Effect of sensory input from the tongue on jaw movement in normal feeding in the opossum. J Exp Zool 250:233\u2013243","journal-title":"J Exp Zool"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(88)90066-0","volume":"33","author":"AJ Thexton","year":"1988","unstructured":"Thexton AJ, McGarrick JD (1988) Tongue movement of the cat during lapping. Arch Oral Biol 33:331\u2013339","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(89)80155-9","volume":"136","author":"M Wadepuhl","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wadepuhl M, Beyn W-J (1989) Computer simulation of the hydrostatic skeleton. The physical equivalent, mathematics and application to worm-like forms. J Theor Biol 136:379\u2013402","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3171748","volume":"53","author":"JF Wilson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wilson JF, Orgill G (1986) Linear analysis of uniformly stressed, orthotropic cylindrical shells. J Appl Mech 53:249\u2013256","journal-title":"J Appl Mech"},{"key":"BF00200984_CR29","first-page":"359","volume":"17","author":"FE Zajac","year":"1989","unstructured":"Zajac FE (1989) Muscle and tendon: properties, models, scaling, and application to biomechanics and motor control. CRC Crit Rev Bioeng 17:359\u2013411","journal-title":"CRC Crit Rev Bioeng"}],"container-title":["Biological Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00200984.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00200984\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00200984","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T07:47:17Z","timestamp":1682754437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00200984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00200984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00200984","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-1200","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0770","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]}}}