{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T04:22:59Z","timestamp":1752985379978},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,1]],"date-time":"1994-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":757382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artif Intell Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00851349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,21]],"date-time":"2004-12-21T09:48:53Z","timestamp":1103622533000},"page":"17-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An historical overview of natural language processing systems that learn"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Robin","family":"Collier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","unstructured":"Allen, R. B. & Riecken, M. E. (1988). Anaphora and Reference in Connectionist Language Users. In Proceedings ofThe International Computer Science Conference. Hong Kong."},{"key":"CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0102_1","volume":"1","author":"J. R. Anderson","year":"1977","unstructured":"Anderson, J. R. (1977). Induction of Augmented Transition Networks.Cognitive Science 1: 125?157.","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"CR3","volume-title":"Human Associative Memory","author":"J. R. Anderson","year":"1973","unstructured":"Anderson, J. R. & Bower, G. H. (1973)Human Associative Memory. Winston: Washington D.C."},{"key":"CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1074.001.0001","volume-title":"The Acquisition of Syntactic Knowledge","author":"R. Berwick","year":"1985","unstructured":"Berwick, R. (1985).The Acquisition of Syntactic Knowledge. MIT Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts."},{"key":"CR5","unstructured":"Birnbaum, L. & Selfridge, M. (1979).Problems in the Conceptual Analysis of Natural Language. Research Report 168, Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut."},{"key":"CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.1982.0021","volume":"58","author":"J. L. Bybee","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bybee, J. L. & Slobin, D. I. (1982). Rules and Schemas in the Development and Use of the English Past Tense.Language 58: 265?289.","journal-title":"Language"},{"key":"CR7","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach","author":"J. G. Carbonell","year":"1983","unstructured":"Carbonell, J. G. (1983). An Overview of Machine Learning. In Michalski, R. S., Carbonell, J. G. & Mitchell, T. M. (eds.)Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach, 3?23. Tioga: Palo Alto, California."},{"key":"CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9783112316009","volume-title":"Syntactic Structures","author":"N. Chomsky","year":"1957","unstructured":"Chomsky, N. (1957).Syntactic Structures. Mouton: The Hague, Holland."},{"key":"CR9","volume-title":"Aspects of the Theory of Syntax","author":"N. Chomsky","year":"1965","unstructured":"Chomsky, N. (1965).Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. MIT Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts."},{"key":"CR10","volume-title":"Series of Studies in Generative Grammar 9","author":"N. Chomsky","year":"1981","unstructured":"Chomsky, N. (1981). Lectures on Government and Bionding. InSeries of Studies in Generative Grammar 9, Foris Publications: Dordrecht, The Netherlands."},{"key":"CR11","volume-title":"Proceedings ofThe Second Workshop on the Cognitive Science of Natural Language Processing","author":"R. Collier","year":"1993","unstructured":"Collier, R. (1993). Knowledge Acquisition from Technical Texts Using Natural Language Processing Techniques. In Proceedings ofThe Second Workshop on the Cognitive Science of Natural Language Processing. Dublin, Eire: Dublin City University."},{"key":"CR12","volume-title":"Proceedings ofThe Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"G. F. Dejong","year":"1983","unstructured":"Dejong, G. F. (1983). Acquiring Schemata Through Understanding and Generalising plans. In Proceedings ofThe Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Karlsruhe, West Germany: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(88)90031-5","volume":"28","author":"J. A. Fodor","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fodor, J. A. & Pylyshyn, S. W. (1988). Connectionism and Cognitive Architecture: A Critical Analysis.Cognition 28: 2?71.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"CR14","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"Manual of Information to Accompany a Standard Corpus of Present-Day Edited American English for Use with Digital Computers","author":"W. N. Francis","year":"1979","unstructured":"Francis, W. N. & Kucera, H. (1979).Manual of Information to Accompany a Standard Corpus of Present-Day Edited American English for Use with Digital Computers. Technical Report, Department of Linguistics, Brown University, Rhode Island."},{"key":"CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2307\/411391","volume":"43","author":"P. I. Garvin","year":"1967","unstructured":"Garvin, P. I. (1967). The Automation of Discovery Procedure in Linguistics.Lanuage 43: 172?178.","journal-title":"Lanuage"},{"key":"CR16","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"A Connectionist Model of Sequences Generation in a First and Second Language","author":"M. E. Gasser","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gasser, M. E. (1988).A Connectionist Model of Sequences Generation in a First and Second Language. Technical Report, UCLA-AI-88-13, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles."},{"key":"CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(67)91165-5","volume":"16","author":"E. Gold","year":"1967","unstructured":"Gold, E. (1967). Language Identification in the Limit.Information and Control 16: 447?474.","journal-title":"Information and Control"},{"key":"CR18","first-page":"172","volume-title":"Proceedings ofThe Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"R. H. Granger","year":"1977","unstructured":"Granger, R. H. (1977). FOUL-UP: A Program that Figures out Meanings of Words from Context. In Proceedings ofThe Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 172?178. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR19","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Proceedings ofThe Ninth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","author":"S. J. Hanson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hanson, S. J. & Kegl, J. (1987). PARSNIP: A Connectionist Network that Learns Natural Language Grammar from Exposure to Natural Language Sentences. In Proceedings ofThe Ninth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 106?119. Seattle, Washington: Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(76)90020-5","volume":"7","author":"C. Hedrick","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hedrick, C. (1976). Learning Production Systems from Examples.Artificial Intelligence 7: 21?49.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"3","key":"CR21","first-page":"287","volume":"6","author":"J. C. Hill","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hill, J. C. (1983). A Computational Model of Language Acquisition of the Two Year Old.Cognition and Brain Theory 6(3): 287?317.","journal-title":"Cognition and Brain Theory"},{"key":"CR22","volume-title":"Parallel Models of Associative Memory","author":"G. E. Hinton","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hinton, G. E. (1981). Implementing Semantic Networks in Parallel Hardware. In Hinton, G. E. & Anderson, J. A. (eds.)Parallel Models of Associative Memory, Lawrence Erlbaum: Hillsdale, New Jersey."},{"key":"CR23","volume-title":"Semantics and Cognition","author":"R. Jackendoff","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jackendoff, R. (1983).Semantics and Cognition. MIT Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England."},{"key":"CR24","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"Early Syntactic Acquisition","author":"K. L. Kelley","year":"1967","unstructured":"Kelley, K. L. (1967).Early Syntactic Acquisition. Technical Report Number P-3179, Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California."},{"key":"CR25","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"Retrieval and Organizational Strategies in Conceptual Memory: A Computer Model","author":"J. L. Kolodner","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kolodner, J. L. (1980).Retrieval and Organizational Strategies in Conceptual Memory: A Computer Model, Technical Report 187, Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut."},{"key":"CR26","volume-title":"Sentence Parsing with a Self-Organising Heuristic Program","author":"K. Knowlton","year":"1962","unstructured":"Knowlton, K. (1962).Sentence Parsing with a Self-Organising Heuristic Program. Ph.D. Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts."},{"key":"CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(77)80021-2","volume":"16","author":"S. A. Kuczaj","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kuczaj, S. A. (1977). The Acquisition of Regular and Irregular Past Tense Forms.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour 16: 589?600.","journal-title":"Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour"},{"issue":"3","key":"CR28","first-page":"211","volume":"5","author":"P. Langley","year":"1982","unstructured":"Langley, P. (1982). Language Acquisition Through Error Recovery.Cognition and Brain Theory 5(3), 211?255.","journal-title":"Cognition and Brain Theory"},{"key":"CR29","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"PRISM User's Manual","author":"P. Langley","year":"1981","unstructured":"Langley, P. & Neches, R. T. (1981).PRISM User's Manual. Technical Report, Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pennsylvania."},{"key":"CR30","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"Generalisation and Memory in an Integrate Understanding System","author":"M. Lebowitz","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lebowitz, M. (1980).Generalisation and Memory in an Integrate Understanding System. Technical Report 186, Yale University, Dept. of Computer Science, New Haven, Connecticut."},{"key":"CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0701_1","volume":"7","author":"M. Lebowitz","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lebowitz, M. (1983). Generalisation from Natural Language Text.Cognitive Science 7: 1?40.","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"CR32","first-page":"249","volume-title":"Mechanisms of Language Acquisition","author":"B. MacWhinney","year":"1987","unstructured":"MacWhinney, B. (1987). The Competition Model. In MacWhinney, B. (ed.)Mechanisms of Language Acquisition, 249?308. Lawrence Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ."},{"key":"CR33","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review (special volume) issues 1, 2, 3","author":"P. McKevitt","year":"1994","unstructured":"McKevitt, P. (1994). Special Issue on the Integration of Natural Language and Vision Processing.Artificial Intelligence Review (special volume) issues 1, 2, 3. Kluwer Academic Publisher: Dordrecht, The Netherlands (forthcoming)."},{"issue":"4","key":"CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00123689","volume":"6","author":"P. McKevitt","year":"1992","unstructured":"McKevitt, P., Partridge, D. & Wilks, Y. (1992). Approaches to Natural Language Discourse Processing.Artificial Intelligence Review 6(4): 333?364.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"key":"CR35","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Machine Learning, an Artificial Intelligence Approach 2","author":"R. Michalski","year":"1992","unstructured":"Michalski, R. (1992). Understanding the Nature of Learning: Issues and Research Directions. In Michalski, R. S., Carbonell, J. G. & Mitchell, T. M. (eds.)Machine Learning, an Artificial Intelligence Approach 2: 3?25. Morgan Kaufmann: Los Altos, California."},{"key":"CR36","first-page":"211","volume-title":"The Psychology of Computer Vision","author":"M. Minsky","year":"1975","unstructured":"Minsky, M. (1975). A Framework for Representing Knowledge. In Winston, P. H. (ed.)The Psychology of Computer Vision, 211?217. McGraw-Hill: New York."},{"key":"CR37","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"Generalising Explanations of Narratives into Schemata","author":"R. Mooney","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mooney, R. (1985).Generalising Explanations of Narratives into Schemata. Technical Report T-147, Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana."},{"key":"CR38","volume-title":"Proceedings ofThe National Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"P. O'Rorke","year":"1984","unstructured":"O'Rorke, P. (1984). Generalisation of Explanation-Based Schema Acquisition. In Proceedings ofThe National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Austin, Texas: AAAI."},{"key":"CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(79)90001-5","volume":"7","author":"S. Pinker","year":"1979","unstructured":"Pinker, S. (1979). Formal Models of Language Learning.Cognition 7: 217?283.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(88)90032-7","volume":"28","author":"S Pinker","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pinker, S & Prince, A. (1988). On Language and Connectionism: Analysis of a Parallel Distributed Processing Model of Language Acquisition.Cognition 28: 73?193.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90005-K","volume":"46","author":"J. B. Pollack","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pollack, J. B. (1990). Recursive Distributed Representations.Artificial Intelligence 46: 77?105.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"CR42","volume-title":"Goals, Issues and Directions in Machine Learning of Natural Language and Ontology","author":"D. M. Powers","year":"1990","unstructured":"Powers, D. M. (1990).Goals, Issues and Directions in Machine Learning of Natural Language and Ontology. Information additional to Call for participation, AAAI Spring Symposium, Stanford, California."},{"key":"CR43","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"An Examination of Innateness Arguments in Language Acquisition","author":"L. H. Reeker","year":"1975","unstructured":"Reeker, L. H. (1975).An Examination of Innateness Arguments in Language Acquisition. Technical Report Number TR-75-4, Department of Computer Science, University of Oregon, Eugene."},{"key":"CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60522-7","volume":"15","author":"L. H. Reeker","year":"1976","unstructured":"Reeker, L. H. (1976). The Computational Study of Language Acquisition.Advances in Computers 15: 181?237.","journal-title":"Advances in Computers"},{"key":"CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5236.001.0001","volume-title":"Parallel Distributed Processing: Experiments in the Microstructure of Cognition 1: Foundations","author":"D. E. Rumelhart","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E. & Williams, R. (1986). Learning Internal Representations Through Error Propagation. In Rumelhart, D. E., McClelland, J. L. and the PDP Research Group (eds.)Parallel Distributed Processing: Experiments in the Microstructure of Cognition 1: Foundations, 22?40. MIT Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts."},{"key":"CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5236.001.0001","volume-title":"Parallel Distributed Processing, Volume 2: Psychological and Biological Models","author":"D. E. Rumelhart","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rumelhart, D. E. & McClelland, J. L. (1986a). On Learning the Past Tenses of English Verbs. In McClelland, J. & Rumelhart, D. (eds.)Parallel Distributed Processing, Volume 2: Psychological and Biological Models, 216?271. MIT Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts."},{"key":"CR47","volume-title":"Parallel Distributed Processing, Volumes 1 and 2","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rumelhart, D. E. & McClelland, J. L. (eds.) (1986b).Parallel Distributed Processing, Volumes 1 and 2. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts."},{"issue":"2","key":"CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0302_3","volume":"3","author":"S. C. Salveter","year":"1979","unstructured":"Salveter, S. C. (1979). Inferring Conceptual Graphs.Cognitive Science 3(2): 141?166.","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"CR49","series-title":"Artificial Intelligence Memo","volume-title":"A Conceptual Dependency Representation for a Computer Oriented Semantics","author":"R. C. Schank","year":"1969","unstructured":"Schank, R. C. (1969).A Conceptual Dependency Representation for a Computer Oriented Semantics. Artificial Intelligence Memo Number 172, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California."},{"key":"CR50","series-title":"Research Report","volume-title":"SAM ? A Story Understander","author":"R. C. Schank","year":"1975","unstructured":"Schank, R. C.et al. (1975).SAM ? A Story Understander. Research Report #43, Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut."},{"key":"CR51","volume-title":"Scripts, Plans, Goals and Understanding","author":"R. C. Schank","year":"1977","unstructured":"Schank, R. C. & Abelson, R. (1977).Scripts, Plans, Goals and Understanding. Lawrence Erlbaum: Hillsdale, New Jersey."},{"key":"CR52","first-page":"1031","volume-title":"Proceedings ofThe IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","author":"A. M. Segre","year":"1985","unstructured":"Segre, A. M. & Dejong, G. F. (1985). Explanation Based Manipulator Learning: Acquisition of Planning Ability Through Observation. In Proceedings ofThe IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1031?1038. St. Louis, Missouri: IEEE."},{"key":"CR53","series-title":"Computer Science Technical Report","volume-title":"A Process Model of Language Acquisition","author":"M. Selfridge","year":"1980","unstructured":"Selfridge, M. (1980).A Process Model of Language Acquisition. Computer Science Technical Report 172, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut."},{"key":"CR54","first-page":"446","volume-title":"Proceedings ofThe Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"M. Selfridge","year":"1981","unstructured":"Selfridge, M. (1981). A Computer Model of Child Language Acquisition. In Proceedings ofThe Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 446?451. Vancouver, Canada: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR55","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shapiro, S. C. (Editor-in-chief) (1992).Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc.: New York.","edition":"Second Edition"},{"key":"CR56","first-page":"1031","volume-title":"Cybernetics and Systems","author":"N. E. Sharkey","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sharkey, N. E. (1988). A PDP System for Goal-Plan Decision. In Trappl, R. (ed.)Cybernetics and Systems, 1031?1038. Kluwer Academic: Dordrecht, The Netherlands."},{"key":"CR57","volume-title":"Proceedings ofThe Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"J. Shavlik","year":"1985","unstructured":"Shavlik, J. (1985). Learning about Momentum Conservation. In Proceedings ofThe Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Los Angeles, California: AAAI."},{"key":"CR58","volume-title":"Representation and Meaning: Experiments with Information Procession Systems","author":"L. Siklossy","year":"1972","unstructured":"Siklossy, L. (1972). Natural Language Learning by Computer. In Simon, H. A. & Siklossy, L. (eds.)Representation and Meaning: Experiments with Information Procession Systems. Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey."},{"key":"CR59","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Proceedings ofThe Twenty-eighth Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"J. M. Siskind","year":"1990","unstructured":"Siskind, J. M. (1990). Acquiring Core Meanings of Words, Represented as Jackendoff-Style Conceptual Structures, from Correlated Streams of Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Input. In Proceedings ofThe Twenty-eighth Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 143?156. Pennsylvania: Association for Computational Linguistics, University of Pittsburgh."},{"key":"CR60","volume-title":"Proceedings ofThe National Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"S. L. Small","year":"1982","unstructured":"Small, S. L., Cottrell, G. W. & Shastri, L. (1982). Towards Connectionist Parsing. In Proceedings ofThe National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: AAAI."},{"key":"CR61","unstructured":"Solomonoff, R. (1959). A New Method for Discovering the Grammars of Phrase Structure Languages. In Proceedings ofThe International Conference on Information Processing. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation."},{"key":"CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0901_4","volume":"9","author":"D. L. Waltz","year":"1985","unstructured":"Waltz, D. L. & Pollack, J. B. (1985). Massively Parallel Parsing: A Strongly Interactive Model of Natural Language Interpretation.Cognitive Science 9: 51?74.","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026823","volume":"76","author":"W. A. Wickelgren","year":"1969","unstructured":"Wickelgren, W. A. (1969). Context-Sensitive Coding, Associative Memory, and Serial Order in (Speech) Behaviour.Psychological Review 76: 1?15.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"CR64","volume-title":"Planning and Understanding: A Computational Approach to Human Reasoning. Addison-Wesley Advanced Book Program","author":"R. Wilensky","year":"1983","unstructured":"Wilensky, R. (1983).Planning and Understanding: A Computational Approach to Human Reasoning. Addison-Wesley Advanced Book Program. Addison-Wesley: Reading, Massachusetts."},{"key":"CR65","series-title":"Artificial Intelligence Technical Report","volume-title":"Learning Structural Descriptions from Examples","author":"P. H. Winston","year":"1970","unstructured":"Winston, P. H. (1970).Learning Structural Descriptions from Examples. Artificial Intelligence Technical Report-231, MIT, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts."},{"key":"CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21236\/AD0764652","volume-title":"Preference Semantics, Memo AIM-206","author":"Y. Wilks","year":"1973","unstructured":"Wilks, Y. (1973).Preference Semantics, Memo AIM-206, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California."},{"key":"CR67","volume-title":"Natural Language Processing","author":"W. A. Woods","year":"1970","unstructured":"Woods, W. A. (1970). An Experimental Parsing System for Transition Network Grammars. In Rustin, R. (ed.)Natural Language Processing. Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey."},{"key":"CR68","volume-title":"Proceedings ofThe 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"U. Zernik","year":"1986","unstructured":"Zernik, U. & Dyer, M. G. (1986). Disambiguation and Acquisition Through the Phrasal Lexicon. In Proceedings ofThe 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Bonn, Germany: Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"CR69","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Proceedings ofThe Tenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"U. Zernik","year":"1987","unstructured":"Zernik, U. (1987). Language Acquisition: Learning a Hierarchy of Phrases. In Proceedings ofThe Tenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 125?132. Milan, Italy: Morgan Kaufmann."}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00851349.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00851349\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00851349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T23:09:53Z","timestamp":1625180993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00851349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00851349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00851349","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2821","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7462","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}}}