{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:09:12Z","timestamp":1762322952193},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,2,1]],"date-time":"1993-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":728524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mach Learn"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf00993503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,14]],"date-time":"2005-01-14T13:03:50Z","timestamp":1105707830000},"page":"113-151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Information filtering: Selection mechanisms in learning systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shaul","family":"Markovitch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","first-page":"37","volume":"6","author":"D.W. Aha","year":"1991","unstructured":"Aha, D.W., Kibler, D., & Albert, M.K. (1991). Instance-based learning algorithms.Machine Learning, 6 37?66.","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"CR2","volume-title":"Expert database systems","author":"M.L. Brodie","year":"1986","unstructured":"Brodie, M.L., & Mattias, J. (1986). On integrating logic programming and databases. In L. Kerschberg (Ed.),Expert database systems. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin\/Cummings."},{"key":"CR3","volume-title":"Knowledge based systems in artificial intelligence","author":"B.G. Buchanan","year":"1982","unstructured":"Buchanan, B.G., & Feigenbaum, E.A. (1982). Foreword. In R. Davis & D.B. Lenat (Eds.),Knowledge based systems in artificial intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"CR4","volume-title":"Expert systems in the microelectronic age","author":"K.L. Clark","year":"1979","unstructured":"Clark, K.L. & McCabe, F. (1979). The control facilities of ic-prolog. In D. Michie (Ed.),Expert systems in the microelectronic age. Edinburgh, Scotland: University of Edinburgh."},{"key":"CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0743-1066(88)90010-6","volume":"5","author":"S.K. Debray","year":"1988","unstructured":"Debray, S.K., & Warren, D.S. (1988). Automatic mode inference for logic programs.The Journal of Logic Programming, 5 207?229.","journal-title":"The Journal of Logic Programming"},{"key":"CR6","first-page":"145","volume":"1","author":"G. Dejong","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dejong, G., & Mooney, R. (1986). Explanation-based learning. An alternative view.Machine Learning, 1 145?176.","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(81)90002-3","volume":"16","author":"T.G. Dietterich","year":"1981","unstructured":"Dietterich, T.G., & Michalski, R.S. (1981). Inductive learning of structural description: Evaluation criteria and comparative review of selected method.Artificial Intelligence, 16 257?294.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"CR8","first-page":"416","volume-title":"Hypothesis filtering: A practical approach to reliable learning","author":"O. Etzioni","year":"1988","unstructured":"Etzioni, O. (1988). Hypothesis filtering: A practical approach to reliable learning.Proceedings of The Fifth International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 416?429). Ann Arbor, MI: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(72)90051-3","volume":"3","author":"R.E. Fikes","year":"1972","unstructured":"Fikes, R.E., Hart, P.E., & Nilsson, N.J. (1972). Learning and executing generalized robot plans.Artificial Intelligence, 3 251?288.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"CR10","volume-title":"Logic programming","author":"H. Gallaire","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gallaire, H., & Lasserre, C. (1982). Metalevel control for logic programs. In K.L. Clark & S.A. Tarnlund (Eds.),Logic programming. New York: Academic Press."},{"key":"CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-3384-5","volume-title":"Logic and data bases","author":"H. Gallaire","year":"1978","unstructured":"Gallaire, H., & Minker, J. (1978).Logic and data bases. New York: Plenum."},{"key":"CR12","first-page":"379","volume-title":"Focused concept formation","author":"J.H. Gennari","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gennari, J.H. (1989). Focused concept formation.Proceedings of The Sixth International Workshop on Machine Learning (pp. 379?382). Ithaca, NY: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR13","volume-title":"Adaption in natural and artificial systems","author":"J.H. Holland","year":"1975","unstructured":"Holland, J.H. (1975).Adaption in natural and artificial systems. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press."},{"key":"CR14","volume-title":"Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach (vol. 2)","author":"J.H. Holland","year":"1986","unstructured":"Holland, J.H. (1986). Escaping brittleness: The possibilities of general-purpose learning algorithms applied to parallel rule-based systems. In R.S. Michalski, J.G. Carbonell, & T.M. Mitchell (Eds.),Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach (vol. 2). Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR15","first-page":"285","volume":"3","author":"G.A. Iba","year":"1989","unstructured":"Iba, G.A. (1989). A heuristic approach to the discovery of macro-operators.Machine Learning, 3 285?317.","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"CR16","first-page":"482","volume-title":"Concept learning in context","author":"M.R. Keller","year":"1987","unstructured":"Keller, M.R. (1987). Concept learning in context.Proceedings of Fourth International Workshop on Machine Learning (pp. 482?487). Irvine, CA: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR17","volume-title":"Learning to solve problems by searching for macro-operators","author":"R.E. Korf","year":"1985","unstructured":"Korf, R.E. (1985).Learning to solve problems by searching for macro-operators. Boston: Pitman."},{"key":"CR18","volume-title":"Logic for problem solving","author":"R.A. Kowalski","year":"1979","unstructured":"Kowalski, R.A. (1979).Logic for problem solving. New York: Elsevier North Holland."},{"key":"CR19","unstructured":"Kowalski, R.A. (1985). Directions for logic programming.Proceedings of IEEE Symposium On Logic Programming."},{"key":"CR20","first-page":"11","volume":"1","author":"J.E. Laird","year":"1986","unstructured":"Laird, J.E., Rosenbloom, P.S., & Newell, A. (1986). Chunking in soar: The anatomy of a general learning mechanism.Machine Learning, 1 11?46.","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"CR21","volume-title":"Machine learning: An artificial intelligence appraoch (vol. 1)","author":"D.B. Lenat","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lenat, D.B. (1983). The role of heuristics in learning by discovery: Three case studies. In R.S. Michalski, J.G. Carbonell, & T.M. Mitchell (Eds.),Machine learning: An artificial intelligence appraoch (vol. 1). Palo Alto, CA: Tioga."},{"key":"CR22","volume-title":"Applications of artificial intelligence for organic chemistry: The Dendral project","author":"R.K. Lindsay","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lindsay, R.K., Buchanan, B.G., Feigenbaum, E.H., & Lederberg, J. (1980).Applications of artificial intelligence for organic chemistry: The Dendral project. New York: McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-96826-6","volume-title":"Foundations of logic programming","author":"J.W. Lloyd","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lloyd, J.W. (1984).Foundations of logic programming. New York: Springer-Verlag."},{"key":"CR24","unstructured":"Markovitch, S. (1989).Information filtering: Selection mechanisms in learning systems. Doctoral dissertation, EECS Department, University of Michigan."},{"key":"CR25","first-page":"459","volume-title":"The role of forgetting in learning","author":"S. Markovitch","year":"1988","unstructured":"Markovitch, S., & Scott, P.D. (1988). The role of forgetting in learning.Proceedings of The Fifth International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 459?465). Ann Arbor, MI: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR26","first-page":"224","volume-title":"Automatic ordering of subgoals?a machine learning approach","author":"S. Markovitch","year":"1989","unstructured":"Markovitch, S., & Scott, P.D. (1989a). Automatic ordering of subgoals?a machine learning approach.Proceedings of North American Conference on Logic Programming (pp. 224?240). Ithaca, NY: MIT Press."},{"key":"CR27","volume-title":"Post-prolog: Structured partially ordered prolog","author":"S. Markovitch","year":"1989","unstructured":"Markovitch, S., & Scott, P.D. (1989b). Post-prolog: Structured partially ordered prolog (TR CMI-89-018) Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Machine Intelligence."},{"key":"CR28","first-page":"738","volume-title":"Utilization filtering: A method for reducing the inherent harmfulness of deductively learned knowledge","author":"S. Markovitch","year":"1989","unstructured":"Markovitch, S., & Scott, P.D. (1989c). Utilization filtering: A method for reducing the inherent harmfulness of deductively learned knowledge.Proceedings of The Eleventh International Joint Conference for Artificial Intelligence (pp. 738?743). Detroit, MI: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR29","first-page":"596","volume-title":"Selectively generalizing plans for problem solving","author":"S. Minton","year":"1985","unstructured":"Minton, S. (1985). Selectively generalizing plans for problem solving.Proceedings of The Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 596?599). Los Angeles, CA: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1703-6","volume-title":"Learning search control knowledge: An explanation-based approach","author":"S. Minton","year":"1988","unstructured":"Minton, S. (1988a).Learning search control knowledge: An explanation-based approach. Boston, MA: Kluwer."},{"key":"CR31","unstructured":"Minton, S. (1988b). Quantitative results concerning the utility of explanation-based learning.Proceedings of Seventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 564?569). Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(82)90040-6","volume":"18","author":"T.M. Mitchell","year":"1982","unstructured":"Mitchell, T.M. (1982). Generalization as search.Artificial Intelligence, 18 203?226.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"CR33","first-page":"47","volume":"1","author":"T.M. Mitchell","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mitchell, T.M., Keller, R.M., & Kedar-Cabelli, S.T. (1986). Explanation-based generalization: A unifying view.Machine Learning, 1 47?80.","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"CR34","volume-title":"Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach","author":"T.M. Mitchell","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mitchell, T.M., Utgoff, P.E., & Banerji, R. (1983). Learning by experimentation: Acquiring and refining problemsolving heuristics. In R.S. Michalski, J.G. Carbonell, & T.M. Mitchell (Eds.),Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach. Palo Alto, CA: Tioga."},{"key":"CR35","first-page":"725","volume-title":"The effect of rule use on the utility of explanation-based learning","author":"R. Mooney","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mooney, R. (1989). The effect of rule use on the utility of explanation-based learning.Proceedings of The Eleventh International Joint Conference for Artificial Intelligence (pp. 725?730). Detroit, MI: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0743-1066(85)90017-2","volume":"3","author":"L. Naish","year":"1985","unstructured":"Naish, L. (1985). Automatic control for logic programs.The Journal of Logic Programming, 3 167?183.","journal-title":"The Journal of Logic Programming"},{"key":"CR37","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Logic programming and databases","author":"S.D. Parker","year":"1986","unstructured":"Parker, S.D., Carey, M., Golshani, F., Jarke, M., Sciore, E., & Walker, A. (1986). Logic programming and databases.Expert Database Systems?Proceedings from The First International Workshop (pp. 35?48). Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin\/Cummings."},{"key":"CR38","volume-title":"Heuristics: Intelligent search strategies for computer problem solving","author":"J. Pearl","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pearl, J. (1984).Heuristics: Intelligent search strategies for computer problem solving. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley."},{"key":"CR39","volume-title":"Logic programming","author":"L.M. Pereira","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pereira, L.M., & Porto, A. (1982). Selective backtracking. In K.L. Clark & S.A. Tarnlund (Eds.),Logic programming. New York: Academic Press."},{"key":"CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90041-W","volume":"45","author":"B.W. Porter","year":"1990","unstructured":"Porter, B.W., Bareiss, R., & Holte, R.C. (1990). Concept learning and heuristic classification in weak-theory domains.Artificial Intelligence, 45 229?263.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"CR41","first-page":"494","volume-title":"Prolearn: Toward a prolog interpreter that learns","author":"A.E. Prieditis","year":"1987","unstructured":"Prieditis, A.E., & Mostow, J. (1987). Prolearn: Toward a prolog interpreter that learns.Proceedings of The Sixth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 494?498). Seattle, WA: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR42","first-page":"81","volume":"1","author":"J.R. Quinlan","year":"1986","unstructured":"Quinlan, J.R. (1986). Induction of decision trees.Machine Learning, 1 81?106.","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"CR43","first-page":"109","volume-title":"What good are experiments?","author":"R.A. Ruff","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ruff, R.A., & Dietrich, T.G. (1989). What good are experiments?Proceedings of The Sixth International Workshop on Machine Learning (pp. 109?112). Ithaca, NY: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.33.0210","volume":"3","author":"A.L. Samuel","year":"1959","unstructured":"Samuel, A.L. (1959). Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers.IBM Journal, 3 211?229.","journal-title":"IBM Journal"},{"key":"CR45","first-page":"669","volume-title":"Learning novel domains through curiosity and conjecture","author":"P.D. Scott","year":"1989","unstructured":"Scott, P.D., & Markovitch, S. (1989a). Learning novel domains through curiosity and conjecture.Proceedings of International Joint Conference for Artificial Intelligence (pp. 669?674). San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR46","first-page":"368","volume-title":"Uncertainty based selection of learning experiences","author":"P.D. Scott","year":"1989","unstructured":"Scott, P.D., & Markovitch, S. (1989b). Uncertainty based selection of learning experiences.Proceedings of The Sixth International Workshop on Machine Learning (pp. 368?371). Ithaca, NY: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scott, P.D., & Markovitch, S. (1991). Representation generation in an exploratory learning system. In D. Fisher & M. Pizzani (Eds.),Concept formation: Knowledge and experience in unsupervised learning. Morgan Kaufmann.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-0773-5.50020-1"},{"key":"CR48","unstructured":"Shannon, C.E., & Weaver, W. (1949).The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press."},{"key":"CR49","first-page":"451","volume-title":"Some chunks are expensive","author":"M. Tambe","year":"1988","unstructured":"Tambe, M., & Newell, A. (1988). Some chunks are expensive.Proceedings of The Fifth International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 451?458). Ann Arbor, MI: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR50","first-page":"362","volume-title":"Improved training via incremental learning","author":"P.E. Utgoff","year":"1989","unstructured":"Utgoff, P.E. (1989). Improved training via incremental learning.Proceedings of The Sixth International Workshop on Machine Learning (pp. 362?365). Ithaca, NY: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1145\/1968.1972","volume":"27","author":"L.G. Valiant","year":"1984","unstructured":"Valiant, L.G. (1984). A theory of the learnable.Communications of the ACM, 27 1134?1142.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"CR52","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"Sociopathic knowledge bases","author":"D.C. Wilkins","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wilkins, D.C., & Ma, Y. (1989). Sociopathic knowledge bases (Technical Report UIUCDCS-R-89-1538). Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois, Department of Computer Science."},{"key":"CR53","volume-title":"The psychology of computer vision","author":"P.H. Winston","year":"1975","unstructured":"Winston, P.H. (1975). Learning structural descriptions from examples. In P. Winston (Ed.),The psychology of computer vision. New York: McGraw-Hill."}],"container-title":["Machine Learning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00993503.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00993503\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF00993503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T18:58:46Z","timestamp":1556564326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF00993503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]}},"alternative-id":["BF00993503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00993503","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6125","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]}}}