{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:01:47Z","timestamp":1761487307406},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]],"date-time":"1995-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":788918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Real-Time Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf01094342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,5]],"date-time":"2005-02-05T08:01:19Z","timestamp":1107590479000},"page":"173-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":236,"title":["Fixed priority pre-emptive scheduling: An historical perspective"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Neil C.","family":"Audsley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert I.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ken W.","family":"Tindell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andy J.","family":"Wellings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","unstructured":"Aarts, E. H. L. and Korst, J. 1988.Simulated Annealing and Boltzman Machines. Wiley-Interscience."},{"key":"CR2","unstructured":"Ada9X. 1993. ?Ada 9X Reference Manual (Draft Version 4.0)?. Ada 9X Mapping\/Revision Team, Intermetrics."},{"key":"CR3","unstructured":"Agrawal, G., Chen. B., Zhao, W. and Davari, S. 1991. ?Architectural Impact of FDDI Network on Scheduling Hard Real-Time Traffic?.IEEE Workshop on Architectural Aspects of Real-Time Systems."},{"key":"CR4","volume-title":"Flexible Scheduling in Hard Real-Time Systems","author":"N. C. Audsley","year":"1993","unstructured":"Audsley, N. C. 1993. ?Flexible Scheduling in Hard Real-Time Systems?. Department of Computer Science, University of York, UK. (D.Phil. Thesis) YCST 9307."},{"key":"CR5","unstructured":"Audsley, N. C., Burns, A., Richardson, M. F. and Wellings, A. J. 1991. ?Hard Real-Time Scheduling: The Deadline Monotonic Approach?.Proceedings 8th IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Operating Systems and Software, Atlanta, GA, USA, pp. 127?132."},{"key":"CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Audsley, N. C., Burns, A., Richardson, M. F. and Wellings, A. J. 1992. ?Deadline Monotonic Scheduling Theory?.Proceedings IFAC\/IFIP International Workshop on Real-time Programming, Bruges, Belgium, pp. 55?60.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-6670(17)50124-X"},{"issue":"3","key":"CR7","first-page":"80","volume":"8","author":"N. C. Audsley","year":"1993","unstructured":"Audsley, N. C., Burns, A., Richardson, M. F. and Wellings, A. J. 1993. ?Incorporating Unbounded Algorithms Into Predictable Real-Time Systems?.Computer Systems Science and Engineering. 8(3): 80?89.","journal-title":"Computer Systems Science and Engineering"},{"key":"CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Audsley, N. C., Burns, A., Richardson, M. F. and Wellings, A. J. 1994. ?STRESS: A Simulator for Hard Real-Time Systems?.Software, Practice and Experience.","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380240603"},{"issue":"5","key":"CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1049\/sej.1993.0034","volume":"8","author":"N. C. Audsley","year":"1993","unstructured":"Audsley, N. C., Burns, A., Richardson, M. F., Tindell, K. W. and Wellings, A.J. 1993. ?Applying New Scheduling Theory to Static Priority Pre-emptive Scheduling?.Software Engineering Journal. 8(5): 284?292.","journal-title":"Software Engineering Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0967-0661(93)92105-D","volume":"1","author":"N. C. Audsley","year":"1993","unstructured":"Audsley, N. C., Burns, A. and Wellings, A. J. 1993. ?Deadline Monotonic Scheduling Theory and Application?.Control Engineering Practice. 1(1): 71?78.","journal-title":"Control Engineering Practice"},{"key":"CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Audsley, N. C., Tindell, K. W. and Burns, A. 1993. ?The End of the Road for Static Cyclic Scheduling?.Proceedings of 5th Euromicro Workshop on Real-Time Systems, Oulu, Finland, pp. 36?41.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMWRT.1993.639042"},{"key":"CR12","unstructured":"Bailey, C. M., Fyfe, E., Vardanega, A. T. and Wellings, A. J. 1993. ?The Use of Preemptive Priority- Based Scheduling in Space Applications?.Proceedings IEEE Real Time Systems Symposium, pp. 253?257."},{"key":"CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker, T. P. 1990. ?A Stack-Based Resource Allocation Policy for Real-time Processees?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 191?200.","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1990.128747"},{"issue":"4","key":"CR14","first-page":"203","volume":"1","author":"J. Blazewicz","year":"1976","unstructured":"Blazewicz, J. 1976. ?Deadline Scheduling of Tasks ? A Survey?.Foundations of Control Engineering. 1(4): 203?216.","journal-title":"Foundations of Control Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1049\/sej.1991.0015","volume":"6","author":"A. Burns","year":"1991","unstructured":"Burns, A. 1991. ?Scheduling Hard Real-Time Systems ? A Review?.Software Engineering Journal. 6(3): 116?128.","journal-title":"Software Engineering Journal"},{"key":"CR16","volume-title":"Fixed Priority Scheduling with Deadlines Prior to Completion","author":"A. Burns","year":"1993","unstructured":"Burns, A. 1993. ?Fixed Priority Scheduling with Deadlines Prior to Completion?. Department of Computer Science, University of York, UK. YCS 212."},{"key":"CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burns, A., Lister, A. M. and Wellings, A. J. 1987.A Review of Ada Tasking. Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-18008-7"},{"key":"CR18","unstructured":"Burns, A. and Wellings, A. J. 1990.Real-Time Systems and their Programming Languages. Addison- Wesley."},{"key":"CR19","unstructured":"Burns, A., Wellings, A. J. and Hutcheon, A. D. 1993. ?The Impact of an Ada Run-time System's Performance Characteristics on Scheduling Models?.Ada sans frontieres Proceedings of the 12th Ada-Europe Conference, pp. 240?248."},{"key":"CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clements, P. C., Heitmeyer, C. L., Labaw, B. G. and Rose, A. T. 1993. ?MT: A Toolset for Specifying and Analysing Real-Time Systems?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 12?22.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA465119"},{"key":"CR21","unstructured":"Coffman, E. G. 1976.Computer and Job-Shop Scheduling Theory. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"CR22","unstructured":"Coffman, E. G. and Denning, P. J. 1973.Operating Systems Theory. Prentice-Hall."},{"key":"CR23","unstructured":"Conway, R. W., Maxwell, W. L. and Miller, L. W. 1967.Theory of Scheduling Addison-Wesley."},{"issue":"7","key":"CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1145\/36072.36073","volume":"7","author":"D. T. Cornhill","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cornhill, D. T. and Sha, L. 1987. ?Priority Inversion in Ada or What Should be the Priority of an Ada Task??.Ada Letters. 7(7): 30?32.","journal-title":"Ada Letters"},{"issue":"6","key":"CR25","first-page":"33","volume":"7","author":"D. T. Cornhill","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cornhill, D. T., Sha, L., Lehoczky, J. P., Rajkumar, R. and Tokuda, A. 1987. ?Limitations of Ada for Real-Time Scheduling?.Ada Letters (Special Issue International Workshop on Ada Issues). 7(6): 33?39.","journal-title":"Ada Letters (Special Issue International Workshop on Ada Issues)"},{"key":"CR26","unstructured":"Davis, R. I., Tindell, K. W. and Burns, A. 1993. ?Scheduling Slack Time in Fixed Priority Pre- emptive Systems?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Syposium, pp. 222?231."},{"key":"CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.26.1.127","volume":"26","author":"S. K. Dhall","year":"1978","unstructured":"Dhall, S. K. and Liu, C. L. 1978. ?On a Real-Time Scheduling Problem?.Operations Research. 26: 127?140.","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"CR28","unstructured":"Fineberg, M. S. and Serlin, O. 1967. ?Multiprogramming for Hybird Computation?.Proceedings AFIPS Fall Joint Computing Conference, pp. 1?13."},{"key":"CR29","unstructured":"Garey, M. R. and Johnson, D. S. 1979.Computers and Intractability. Freeman."},{"key":"CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerber, R. and Hong, S. 1993. ?Semantic-Based Compiler Transformations for Enhanced Schedulability?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 232?242.","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1993.393495"},{"issue":"3","key":"CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1145\/356698.356700","volume":"9","author":"M. J. Gonzalez","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gonzalez, M. J. 1977. ?Determistic Processor Scheduling?.ACM Computing Surveys. 9(3): 173?203.","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"issue":"7","key":"CR32","first-page":"35","volume":"8","author":"J. B. Goodenough","year":"1988","unstructured":"Goodenough, J. B. and Sha, L. 1988. ?The Priority Ceiling Protocol: A Method for Minimising the Blocking of High Priority Tasks?.Ada Letters. 8(7): 35?38.","journal-title":"Ada Letters"},{"key":"CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halang, W. A. and Stoyenko, A. D. 1991.Constructing Predictable Real-Time Systems. Kluwer- Academic.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4032-8"},{"key":"CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harmon, M. G., Baker, T. P. and Whalley D. B. 1992. ?A Retargetable Technique for Predicting Execution Time?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 68?77.","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1992.242675"},{"key":"CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harbour, M. G., Klein, M. H. and Lehoczky, J. P. 1991. ?Fixed Priority Scheduling of Periodic Tasks with Varying Execution Priority?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 116?128.","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1991.160365"},{"key":"CR36","volume-title":"Response Times in Level Structured Systems","author":"P. K. Harter","year":"1984","unstructured":"Harter, P. K. 1984. ?Response Times in Level Structured Systems?. Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, USA. CU-CS-269-94."},{"issue":"3","key":"CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1145\/24068.24069","volume":"5","author":"P.K. Harter","year":"1987","unstructured":"Harter, P.K. 1987. ?Response Times in Level Structured Systems?.ACM Transactions on Computer Systems. 5(3): 232?248.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02341922","volume":"1","author":"R. Henn","year":"1989","unstructured":"Henn, R. 1989. ?Feasible Processor Allocation in a Hard Real-Time System?.Real-Time Systems. 1(1): 77?93.","journal-title":"Real-Time Systems"},{"key":"CR39","unstructured":"Henn, R. and Lehnhoff, S. 1973. ?Strategien zur pseudo-kollateralen Verarbeitung von Programmen unter Berucksichtigung vorgegebener Antworteiten?. Technical University of Munich, Math. Report 7307."},{"key":"CR40","unstructured":"Jackson, J. R. 1955. ?Scheduling a Production Line to Minimize Maximum Tardiness?. UCLA, USA, Management Sciences Research Project (Research Report 43)."},{"key":"CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeffay, K. 1989. ?Analysis of a Synchronisation and Scheduling Discipline for Real-Time Tasks with Preemption Constraints?.Proceedings 10th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium. pp. 295?305.","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1989.63582"},{"key":"CR42","unstructured":"Jensen, E. D. 1992. ?The Kernel Computational Model of the Alpha Real-Time Distributed OS?. InMission Critical Operating Systems, ed. Agrawala, A. K., Gordon, K. D. and Hwang, P. IOS Press. pp. 179?207."},{"issue":"4","key":"CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0190(85)90045-6","volume":"20","author":"M. Joseph","year":"1985","unstructured":"Joseph, M. 1985. ?On a Problem in Real-Time Computing?.Information Processing Letters. 20(4): 173?177.","journal-title":"Information Processing Letters"},{"issue":"5","key":"CR44","first-page":"390","volume":"29","author":"M. Joseph","year":"1986","unstructured":"Joseph, M. and Pandya, P. 1986. ?Finding Response Times in a Real-Time System?.The Computer Journal (British Computer Society). 29(5): 390?395.","journal-title":"The Computer Journal (British Computer Society)"},{"key":"CR45","unstructured":"Katcher, D. I., Arakawa, H. and Strosnider, J. K. 1991. ?Bridging the Gap Between Scheduling Theory and Reality?.Proceedings of 1991 Workshop on Architectural Aspects of Real-Time Systems."},{"key":"CR46","unstructured":"Katcher, D. I., Arakawa, H. and Strosnider, J. K. 1992. ?Engineering and Analysis of Real-Time Micro-Kernels?.Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Operating Systems and Software, pp. 15?19."},{"issue":"9","key":"CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1109\/32.241774","volume":"19","author":"D. I. Katcher","year":"1993","unstructured":"Katcher, D. I., Arakawa, H. and Strosnider, J. K. 1993. ?Engineering and Analysis of Fixed Priority Schedulers?.IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 19(9): 920?934.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein, M. H., Ralya, T., Pollak, B., Obenza, R. and Harbour, M. G. 1993.A Practitioner's Guide for Real-Time Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2796-1"},{"issue":"9","key":"CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1986.6313049","volume":"12","author":"E. Kligerman","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kligerman, E. and Stoyenko, A. D. 1986. ?Real-Time Euclid: A Language for Reliable Real-Time Systems?.IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 12(9): 941?949.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1145\/358818.358824","volume":"23","author":"B. W. Lampson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lampson, B. W. and Redell, D. D. 1980. ?Experience with Processes and Monitors in Mesa?.CACM. 23(2): 105?117.","journal-title":"CACM"},{"key":"CR51","unstructured":"Lehoczky, J. P., Sha, L. and Strosnider, J. K. 1987. ?Enhanced Aperiodic Responsiveness in Hard Real-Time Environments?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time System Symposium, pp. 261?270."},{"key":"CR52","unstructured":"Lehoczky, J. P., Sha, L. and Ding, Y. 1989. ?The Rate-Monotonic Scheduling Algorithm: Exact Characterization and Average Case Behaviour?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 166?171."},{"key":"CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehoczky, J. P. 1990. ?Fixed Priority Scheduling of Periodic Task Sets With Arbitrary Deadlines?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 201?209.","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1990.128748"},{"key":"CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehoczky, J. P. and Ramos-Thuel, S. 1992. ?An Optimal Algorithm for Scheduling Soft-Aperiodic Tasks Fixed-Priority Pre-emptive Systems?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 110?123.","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1992.242671"},{"issue":"1","key":"CR55","first-page":"88","volume":"6","author":"D. W. Leinbaugh","year":"1980","unstructured":"Leinbaugh, D. W. 1980. ?Guaranteed Response Times in a Hard Real-Time Environment?.IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 6(1): 88?91.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"issue":"12","key":"CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1986.6313009","volume":"12","author":"D. W. Leinbaugh","year":"1986","unstructured":"Leinbaugh, D. W. and Yamini, M. R. 1986. ?Guaranteed Response Times in a Distributed Hard Real- Time Environment?.IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 12(12); 1139?1144.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"CR57","first-page":"49","volume":"9","author":"V. R. Lesser","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lesser, V. R., Pavlin, J. and Durfee, E. 1988. ?Approximate Processing in Real-Time Problem Solving. AI Magazine?. 9(1): 49?61.","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"issue":"3","key":"CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0190(80)90123-4","volume":"11","author":"J. Y. T. Leung","year":"1980","unstructured":"Leung, J. Y. T. and Merrill, M. L. 1980. ?A Note on Preemptive Scheduling of Periodic, Real-Time Tasks?.Information Processing Letters. 11(3): 115?118.","journal-title":"Information Processing Letters."},{"issue":"4","key":"CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-5316(82)90024-4","volume":"2","author":"J. Y. T. Leung","year":"1982","unstructured":"Leung, J. Y. T. and Whitehead, J. 1982. ?On the Complexity of Fixed-Priority Scheduling of Periodic, Real-Time Tasks?.Performance Evaluation (Netherlands). 2(4): 237?250.","journal-title":"Performance Evaluation"},{"key":"CR60","unstructured":"Levi, S. T. and Agrawala, A. K. 1990.Real-Time System Design. McGraw-Hill."},{"issue":"1","key":"CR61","first-page":"40","volume":"20","author":"C. L. Liu","year":"1973","unstructured":"Liu, C. L. and Layland, J. W. 1973. ?Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard Real- Time Environment?.JACM. 20(1): 40?61.","journal-title":"JACM."},{"key":"CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J. W. S., Lin, K. J., Shih, W. K., Yu, C. S., Chung, J. Y. and Zhao, W. 1991. ?Algorithms for Scheduling Imprecise Computations?.IEEE Computer. May: 58?68.","DOI":"10.1109\/2.76287"},{"key":"CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J. W. S., Redondo, J. L., Deng, Z., Tia, T. S., Bettati, R., Silberman, A., Storch, M., Ha, R. and Shih, W. K. ?PERTS: A Prototyping Environment for Real-Time Systems?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 184?188.","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1993.393502"},{"key":"CR64","unstructured":"Lizza, C. S., Banks, S. B. and Whelan, M. A. 1991. ?Pilot's Associate: Evolution of a Functional Prototype?.AGARD Conference Proceedings 499 (Machine Intelligence for Aerospace Electronic Systems), Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 16.1?16.12."},{"key":"CR65","volume-title":"Best-Effort Decision Making for Real-Time Scheduling","author":"C. D. Locke","year":"1986","unstructured":"Locke, C. D. 1986. ?Best-Effort Decision Making for Real-Time Scheduling?. Computer Science Department, CMU, USA. CMU-CS-86-134 (PhD Thesis)."},{"issue":"1","key":"CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00365463","volume":"4","author":"C. D. Locke","year":"1992","unstructured":"Locke, C. D. 1992. ?Software Architectures for Hard Real-Time Applications: Cyclic Executives vs Fixed Priority Executives?.Real-Time Systems. 4(1): 37?53.","journal-title":"Real-Time Systems"},{"key":"CR67","unstructured":"Locke, C. D. 1994. Private Communication."},{"key":"CR68","unstructured":"Locke, C. D., Jensen, E. D. and Tokuda, H. 1985. ?A time-Driven Scheduling Model for Real-Time Operating Systems?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 112?122."},{"key":"CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Locke, C. D., Vogel, D. R. and Mesler, T. J. 1991. ?Building a Predictable Avionics Platform in Ada: A Case Study?.Proceedings IEEE Real Time Systems Symposium. pp. 181?189.","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1991.160372"},{"issue":"3","key":"CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1145\/321406.321408","volume":"14","author":"G. K. Manacher","year":"1967","unstructured":"Manacher, G. K. 1967. ?Production and Stabilisation of Real-Time Task Schedules?.JACM. 14(3):439?465.","journal-title":"JACM."},{"key":"CR71","unstructured":"Mok, A. K. L. 1983. ?Fundamental Design Problems of Distributed Systems For The Hard Real-Time Environment?. Laboratory of Computer Science, Massachsetts Institute of Technology. MIT\/LCS\/TR-297 (PhD Thesis)."},{"key":"CR72","unstructured":"Nassor, E. and Bres, G. 1991. ?Hard Real-Time Sporadic Task Scheduling for Fixed Priority Schedulers?.Proceedings International Workshop on Responsive Systems, Golfe-Juan, France, pp. 44?47."},{"issue":"1","key":"CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01088695","volume":"5","author":"V. Nirkhe","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nirkhe, V. and Pugh, W. 1993. ?A Partial Evaluator for the Maruti Hard Real-Time System?.Real- Time Systems. 5(1): 13?30.","journal-title":"Real- Time Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01088696","volume":"5","author":"C. Y. Park","year":"1993","unstructured":"Park, C. Y. 1993. ?Predicting Program Execution Times by Analyzing Static and Dynamic Program Paths?.Real-Time Systems. 5(1): 31?62.","journal-title":"Real-Time Systems"},{"key":"CR75","volume-title":"A Source-Level Tool for Predicting Deterministic Execution Times of Programs","author":"C. Y. Park","year":"1989","unstructured":"Park, C. Y. and Shaw, A. C. 1989. ?A Source-Level Tool for Predicting Deterministic Execution Times of Programs?. Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, Report #89-09-12."},{"key":"CR76","unstructured":"Pilling, M. J. 1991. ?Dangers of Priority as a Structuring Principle for Real-Time Languages?.Australian Computer Science Communications. 13(1)."},{"issue":"5","key":"CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1049\/sej.1990.0029","volume":"5","author":"M. J. Pilling","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pilling, M. J., Burns, A. and Raymond, K. 1990. ?Formal Specifications and Proofs of Inheritance Protocols for Real-Time Scheduling?.Software Engineering Journal. 5(5): 263?279.","journal-title":"Software Engineering Journal."},{"issue":"2","key":"CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00365404","volume":"4","author":"P. Pleinevaux","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pleinevaux, P. 1992. ?An Improved Hard Real-Time Scheduling for the IEEE 802.5?.Real-Time Systems. 4(2): 99?112.","journal-title":"Real-Time Systems."},{"key":"CR79","unstructured":"POSIX. 1993. ?Real-time Extensions for Portable Operating Systems?, Technical Committee of Operating Systems WG15, P1003.4-Draft 14 (March)."},{"issue":"2","key":"CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00571421","volume":"1","author":"P. Puschner","year":"1989","unstructured":"Puschner, P. and Koza, C. 1989. ?Calculating The Maximum Execution Time Of Real-Time Programs?.Real-Time Systems. 1(2): 159?176.","journal-title":"Real-Time Systems"},{"key":"CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajkumar, R. 1990. ?Real-Time Synchronisation Protocols for Shared Memory Multiprocessors?.Proceedings 10th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.1990.89257"},{"key":"CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajkumar, R. 1991.Synchronisation in Real-Time Systems: A Priority Inheritance Approach, Kluwer Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4000-7"},{"key":"CR83","unstructured":"Rajkumar, R., Sha, L. and Lehoczky, J. P. 1987. ?On Countering the Effects of Cycle-Stealing in a Hard Real-Time Environment.?Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp.2?11."},{"key":"CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajkumar, R., Sha, L. and Lehoczky, J. P. 1988. ?Real-Time Synchronisation Protocols for Multiprocessors?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp.259?269.","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1988.51121"},{"key":"CR85","series-title":"COINS Technical Report","volume-title":"An Optimal Priority Inheritance Protocol for Real-Time Synchronisation","author":"R. Rajkumar","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rajkumar, R. Sha, L., Lehoczky, J. P. and Ramamritham, K. 1988. ?An Optimal Priority Inheritance Protocol for Real-Time Synchronisation?. Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts, USA. COINS Technical Report 88-98."},{"key":"CR86","unstructured":"Ramamritham, K. 1990. ?Allocation and Scheduling of Complex Periodic Tasks?.10th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pp. 108?115."},{"key":"CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roseman, T. 1992. ?Rate-Monotonic Analysis?.Proceedings ACM TriAda (Volume I), pp. 355?376.","DOI":"10.1145\/149576.149581"},{"key":"CR88","unstructured":"Serlin, O. 1972. ?Scheduling of Time Critical Processes?.Proceedings AFIPS Spring Computing Conference, pp. 925?932."},{"key":"CR89","unstructured":"Sha, L., Lehoczky, J. P. and Rajkumar, R. 1986. ?Solutions For Some Practical Problems in Prioritised Preemptive Scheduling?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 181?191."},{"key":"CR90","volume-title":"Priority Inheritance Protocols: An Approach to Real-Time Synchronisation","author":"L. Sha","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sha, L., Lehoczky, J. P. and Rajkumar, R. 1987. ?Priority Inheritance Protocols: An Approach to Real-Time Synchronisation?. Computer Science Department, Carnegie-Mellon University, USA. CMU-CS-87-181."},{"issue":"3","key":"CR91","first-page":"244","volume":"1","author":"L. Sha","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sha, L., Rajkumar, R. Lehoczky, J. P. and Ramamritham, K. 1989. ?Mode Change Protocols for Priority-Driven Pre-emptive Scheduling?.Real-Time Systems. 1(3): 244?264.","journal-title":"Real-Time Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02341920","volume":"1","author":"L. Sha","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sha, L., Sprunt, B. and Lehoczky, J. P. 1989. ?Aperiodic Task Scheduling for Hard Real-Time Systems?.Real-Time Systems. 1(1): 27?69.","journal-title":"Real-Time Systems."},{"issue":"9","key":"CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1109\/12.57058","volume":"39","author":"L. Sha","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sha, L., Rajkumar, R. and Lehoczky, J. P. 1990. ?Priority Inheritance Protocols: An Approach to Real-Time Synchronisation?. IEEE Transactions on Computers. 39, (9): 1175?1185.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers."},{"issue":"1","key":"CR94","first-page":"17","volume":"137","author":"H. Simpson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Simpson, H. 1990. ?Four-Slot Fully Asynchronous Communication Mechanism?.IEE Proceedings Part E. 137(1): 17?30.","journal-title":"IEE Proceedings Part E."},{"key":"CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, W.E. 1956. ?Various Optimisers for Single-Stage Production?.Naval Research and Logistics Quarterly. 3(1).","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.3800030106"},{"issue":"1","key":"CR96","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"P. G. Sorenson","year":"1975","unstructured":"Sorenson, P. G. and Hamacher, V. C. 1975. ?A Real-Time System Design Methodology?.INFOR- Canada. 13(1): 1?18.","journal-title":"INFOR- Canada"},{"key":"CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sprunt, B., Lehoczky, J. P. and Sha, L. 1988. ?Exploiting Unused Periodic Time For Aperiodic Service Using the Extended Priority Exchange Algorithm?.Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 251?258.","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1988.51120"},{"issue":"10","key":"CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/2.7053","volume":"21","author":"J. A. Stankovic","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stankovic, J. A. 1988. ?Misconceptions About Real-Time Computing: A Serious Problem for Next Generation Systems?.IEEE Computer. 21(10): 10?19.","journal-title":"IEEE Computer."},{"key":"CR99","unstructured":"Stankovic, J. A. and Ramamritham, K. 1987.Tutorial on Hard Real-Time Systems. IEEE Computer Society Press."},{"key":"CR100","unstructured":"Stankovic, J. A. and Ramamritham, K. 1993.Advances in Real-Time Systems. IEEE Computer Society Press."},{"key":"CR101","unstructured":"Stoyenko, A. D. 1987. ?A Schedulability Analyzer for Real-Time Euclid?.Proceedings IEEE Real- Time Systems Symposium. pp. 218?227."},{"issue":"4","key":"CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00355297","volume":"4","author":"A. D. Stoyenko","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stoyenko, A. D. and Marlowe, T. J. 1992. ?Polynomial-Time Transformations and Schedulability Analysis of Parallel Real-Time Programs with Restricted Resource Contention?.Real-Time Systems. 4(4): 307?330.","journal-title":"Real-Time Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00571420","volume":"1","author":"J. K. Strosnider","year":"1989","unstructured":"Strosnider, J. K. and Marchok, T. E. (1989). ?Responsive, Deterministic IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Scheduling?.Real-Time Systems. 1(2): 133?158.","journal-title":"Real-Time Systems"},{"key":"CR104","first-page":"189","volume-title":"An Extendible Approach for Analysing Fixed Priority Hard Real-Time Tasks","author":"K. W. Tindell","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tindell, K. W. 1992. ?An Extendible Approach for Analysing Fixed Priority Hard Real-Time Tasks?. Department of Computer Science, University of York, UK. YCS 189."},{"issue":"2","key":"CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00365407","volume":"4","author":"K. W. Tindell","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tindell, K. W., Burns, A. and Wellings, A. J. 1992. ?Allocating Real-Time Tasks (An NP-Hard Problem made Easy)?.Real Time Systems. 4(2): 145?165.","journal-title":"Real Time Systems."},{"key":"CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tindell, K. W., Burns, A. and Wellings, A. J. 1992a. ?Mode Changes in Priority Pre-emptive Scheduled Systems?.Proceedings IEEE Real Time Systems Symposium, pp. 100?109.","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1992.242672"},{"key":"CR107","unstructured":"Tindell, K. W. and Clark, J. 1993. ?Holistic Schedulability Analysis for Distributed Hard Real-Time Systems?.Euromicro Journal (Special Issue on Parallel Embedded Real-Time Systems)."},{"key":"CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tokuda, H. and Kotera, M. 1988. ?A Real-Time Toolset for the ARTS Kernel?.Proceedings IEEE Real Time Systems Symposium, pp. 289?299.","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1988.51124"},{"key":"CR109","unstructured":"US DoD. 1978. ?STEELMAN Requirements for High Order Computer Programming Languages?. U. S. Department of Defense."},{"key":"CR110","unstructured":"US DoD. 1983. ?Reference Manual for the Ada Programming Language?. U.S. Department of Defense. ANSI\/MIL-STD 1815 A."},{"key":"CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wyle, H. and Burnett, G. J. 1967. ?Management of Periodic Operations in a Real-Time Computation System?.Proceedings AFIPS Fall Joint Computer Conference, pp. 201?208.","DOI":"10.1145\/1465611.1465638"},{"issue":"4","key":"CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01088834","volume":"5","author":"N. Zhang","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zhang, N., Burns, A. and Nicholson, M. 1993. ?Pipelined Processors and Worst-Case Execution Times?.Real-Times Systems. 5(4): 319?343.","journal-title":"Real-Times Systems."}],"container-title":["Real-Time Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01094342.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF01094342\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01094342","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,5]],"date-time":"2020-04-05T15:54:15Z","timestamp":1586102055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF01094342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995]]}},"alternative-id":["BF01094342"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01094342","relation":{},"ISSN":["0922-6443","1573-1383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0922-6443","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-1383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995]]}}}