{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T09:52:31Z","timestamp":1773481951705,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,1]],"date-time":"1993-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":741484800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Distrib Parallel Databases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf01263334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,24]],"date-time":"2005-03-24T02:17:49Z","timestamp":1111630669000},"page":"281-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Answering heterogeneous database queries with degrees of uncertainty"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Frank S. C.","family":"Tseng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arbee L. P.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Pang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0022164","volume-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Advances in Database Technology ? EDBT'90, vol. 416","author":"D. Barbar\u00e1","year":"1990","unstructured":"D. Barbar\u00e1, H. Garcia-Molina, and D. Porter, ?A probabilistic relational data model,?Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Advances in Database Technology ? EDBT'90, vol. 416, Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1990, pp. 60?74."},{"key":"CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1145\/27633.27634","volume":"18","author":"C. Batini","year":"1986","unstructured":"C. Batini, M. Lenzerini, and S.B. Navathe, ?A comparative analysis of methodologies for database schema integration,?ACM Comput. Surveys, vol. 18, pp. 323?364, 1986.","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surveys"},{"key":"CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1145\/319996.320014","volume":"8","author":"J. Biskup","year":"1983","unstructured":"J. Biskup, ?A foundation of Codd's relational maybe operations,?ACM Trans. Database Systems, vol. 8, pp. 608?636, 1983.","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Database Systems"},{"key":"CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1145\/101077.390003","volume":"19","author":"Y. Breitbart","year":"1990","unstructured":"Y. Breitbart, ?Multidatabase interoperability,?SIGMOD RECORD, vol. 19, pp. 53?60, 1990.","journal-title":"SIGMOD RECORD"},{"key":"CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Breitbart, P.L. Olson, and G.R. Thompson, ?Database integration in a distributed heterogeneous database system,?Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Data Eng., 1986, pp. 301?310.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.1986.7266234"},{"key":"CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.L.P. Chen, ?Outerjoin optimization in multidatabase systems,?Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Databases in Parallel and Distributed Systems (DPDS), 1990, pp. 211?218.","DOI":"10.1109\/DPDS.1990.113712"},{"key":"CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0022171","volume-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Advances in Database Technology ? EDBT'90, vol. 416","author":"A.L.P. Chen","year":"1990","unstructured":"A.L.P. Chen, ?A localized approach to distributed query processing,?Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Advances in Database Technology ? EDBT'90, vol. 416, Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1990, pp. 188?202."},{"key":"CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1145\/320107.320109","volume":"4","author":"E.F. Codd","year":"1979","unstructured":"E.F. Codd, ?Extending the database relational model to capture more meaning,?ACM Trans. Database Systems, vol. 4, pp. 397?434, 1979.","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Database Systems"},{"key":"CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1145\/16301.16303","volume":"15","author":"E.F. Codd","year":"1986","unstructured":"E.F. Codd, ?Missing information (applicable and inapplicable) in relational databases,?SIGMOD RECORD, vol. 15, pp. 53?78, 1986.","journal-title":"SIGMOD RECORD"},{"key":"CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Czejdo, M. Rusinkiewicz, and D.W. Embley, ?An approach to schema integration and query formulation in federated database systems,?Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Data Eng., 1987, pp. 477?484.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.1987.7272414"},{"key":"CR11","unstructured":"C.J. Date, ?The outer join,?Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Databases (ICOD-2), 1983."},{"key":"CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1984.5010292","volume":"10","author":"U. Dayal","year":"1984","unstructured":"U. Dayal and H.Y. Hwang, ?View definition and generalization for database integration in a multidatabase system,?IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 10, pp. 628?644, 1984.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."},{"key":"CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1987.233497","volume":"13","author":"S.M. Deen","year":"1987","unstructured":"S.M. Deen, R.R. Amin, and M.C. Taylor, ?Data integration in distributed databases,?IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 13, pp. 860?864, 1987.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."},{"key":"CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1109\/69.43423","volume":"1","author":"L.G. DeMichiel","year":"1989","unstructured":"L.G. DeMichiel, ?Resolving database incompatibility: an approach to performing relational operations over mismatched domains,?IEEE Trans. Knowledge Data Eng., vol. 1, pp. 485?493, 1989.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowledge Data Eng."},{"key":"CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0190(79)90138-8","volume":"9","author":"J. Grant","year":"1979","unstructured":"J. Grant, ?Partial values in a tabular database model,?Inform. Proces. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 97?99, 1979.","journal-title":"Inform. Proces. Lett."},{"key":"CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1145\/4229.4233","volume":"3","author":"D. Heimbigner","year":"1985","unstructured":"D. Heimbigner and D. McLeod, ?A federated architecture for information management,?ACM Trans. Office Inform. Systems, vol. 3, pp. 253?278, 1985.","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Office Inform. Systems"},{"key":"CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1109\/32.16605","volume":"15","author":"J.A. Larson","year":"1989","unstructured":"J.A. Larson, S.B. Navathe, and R. Elmasri, ?A theory of attribute equivalence in databases with application to schema integration,?IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 15, pp. 449?463, 1989.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."},{"key":"CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1987.13777","volume":"75","author":"W. Litwin","year":"1987","unstructured":"W. Litwin and A. Abdellatif, ?An overview of the multi-database manipulation language MDSL,?Proc. IEEE, vol. 75, pp. 621?632, 1987.","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(89)90024-8","volume":"49","author":"W. Litwin","year":"1987","unstructured":"W. Litwin, A. Abdellatif, B. Nicolas, Ph. Vigier, and A. Zeronnal, ?MSQL: a multi-database manipulation language,?Inform. Sci., vol. 49, pp. 59?101, 1987.","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"key":"CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. Litwin and Ph. Vigier, ?Dynamic attributes in the multidatabase system MRDSM,?Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Data Eng., pp. 103?110, 1986.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.1986.7266211"},{"key":"CR21","volume-title":"Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications","author":"P.L. Meyer","year":"1970","unstructured":"P.L. Meyer,Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley: Reading, MA, 1970.","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1987.233490","volume":"13","author":"A. Motro","year":"1987","unstructured":"A. Motro, ?Superviews: virtual integration of multiple databases,?IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 13, pp. 785?798, 1987.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."},{"key":"CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.S.M. Tsai and A.L.P. Chen, ?Querying uncertain data in heterogeneous databases,?Proc. IEEE Int. Workshop Research Issues on Data Eng. (RIDE), to appear, 1993.","DOI":"10.1109\/RIDE.1993.281929"},{"key":"CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F.S.C. Tseng, A.L.P. Chen, and W.P. Yang, ?Generalizing the division operation on indefinite databases,?Proc. 2nd Far-East Workshop Future Database Systems, Koyto, Japan, 1992, pp. 347?354.","DOI":"10.1142\/9789814503624_0040"},{"key":"CR25","unstructured":"F.S.C. Tseng, A.L.P. Chen, and W.P. Yang, ?Evaluating aggregate operations over imprecise data,? submitted."},{"key":"CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F.S.C. Tseng, A.L.P. Chen, and W.P. Yang, ?Searching a minimal semantically-equivalent subset of a set of partial values,?Int. J. Very Large Data Bases, to appear.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01263049"},{"key":"CR27","unstructured":"UNIX TM Time-Sharing System: Unix Programmer's Manual, 7th ed., vol. 2B, Bell Lab., 1979."}],"container-title":["Distributed and Parallel Databases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01263334.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF01263334\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01263334","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T12:49:00Z","timestamp":1586177340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF01263334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]}},"alternative-id":["BF01263334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01263334","relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-8782","1573-7578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-8782","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]}}}