{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T16:15:20Z","timestamp":1782317720130,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]],"date-time":"1998-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":896659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virtual Reality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf01417673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,3]],"date-time":"2005-04-03T19:12:04Z","timestamp":1112555524000},"page":"120-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["A methodology for the evaluation of travel techniques for immersive virtual environments"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"D. A.","family":"Bowman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Koller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. F.","family":"Hodges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1145\/191642.191652","volume":"26","author":"K Herndon","year":"1994","unstructured":"Herndon K, van Dam A, Gleicher M. The challenges of 3D interaction. SIGCHI Bulletin 1994; 26(4): 36?43","journal-title":"SIGCHI Bulletin"},{"key":"CR2","volume-title":"Handbook of modern electronics and electrical engineering","author":"E Schieser","year":"1986","unstructured":"Schieser E. Principles of navigation. In: Handbook of modern electronics and electrical engineering. Belove C. ed. Chichester: Wiley 1986"},{"key":"CR3","unstructured":"Warren R, Wertheim A. (eds.) Perception and control of self-motion. Erlbaum. Hillsdale, NJ 1990"},{"key":"CR4","volume-title":"Virtual environments and advanced interface design","author":"C Wickens","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wickens C, Baker P. Cognitive issues in virtual reality. In: Virtual environments and advanced interface design Barfield W, Furness T, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1995"},{"key":"CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darken R, Sibert J. A toolset for navigation in virtual environments. Proceedings of the Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology 1993; 157?165","DOI":"10.1145\/168642.168658"},{"issue":"1","key":"CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/10447319609526140","volume":"8","author":"R Darken","year":"1996","unstructured":"Darken R, Sibert J. Navigating in large virtual worlds. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 1996; 8(1): 49?72","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darken R, Sibert J. Wayfinding strategies and behaviors in large virtual worlds. Proceedings of CHI 1996; 142?149","DOI":"10.1145\/238386.238459"},{"key":"CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ingram R Benford S. Legibility enhancement for information visualization. Proceedings of Visualization 1995; 209?216","DOI":"10.1109\/VISUAL.1995.480814"},{"key":"CR9","volume-title":"The image of the city","author":"K Lynch","year":"1960","unstructured":"Lynch, K. The image of the city. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 1960"},{"issue":"6","key":"CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1109\/38.20319","volume":"8","author":"C Ware","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ware C, Jessome D. Using the bat: A six-dimensional mouse for object placement. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 1988; 8(6): 65?70","journal-title":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications"},{"key":"CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ware C, Osborne S. Exploration and virtual camera control in virtual three-dimensional environments. Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics 1990; 175?183","DOI":"10.1145\/91385.91442"},{"issue":"4","key":"CR12","first-page":"399","volume":"29","author":"R Pausch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pausch R, Burnette T, Brockway D, Weiblen M. Navigation and locomotion in virtual worlds via flight into hand-held miniatures. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH. In: Computer Graphcis 1995; 29(4): 399?400","journal-title":"Computer Graphcis"},{"key":"CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strommen E. Children's use of mouse-based interfaces to control virtual travel. Proceedings of CHI 1994; 405?410","DOI":"10.1145\/259963.260418"},{"issue":"4","key":"CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1145\/97880.97898","volume":"24","author":"J Mackinlay","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mackinlay J, Card S, Robertson G. Rapid controlled movement through a virtual 3D workspace. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH. In: Computer Graphics 1990; 24(4): 171?176","journal-title":"Computer Graphics"},{"key":"CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ware C, Slipp L. Using velocity control to navigate 3D graphical environments: a comparison of three interfaces. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting 1991: 300?304","DOI":"10.1177\/154193129103500513"},{"key":"CR16","unstructured":"Mine M. Virtual environment interaction techniques. UNC Chapel Hill Computer Science Technical Report TR95-018; 1995"},{"key":"CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robinett W, Holloway R. Implementation of flying, scaling, and grabbing in virtual worlds. Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics 1992;189?192","DOI":"10.1145\/147156.147201"},{"key":"CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung J. A comparison of head-tracked and non-head-tracked steering modes in the targeting of radiotherapy treatment beams. Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics 1992; 193?196","DOI":"10.1145\/147156.147204"},{"key":"CR19","unstructured":"Mercurio P, Erickson T, Diaper D, Gilmore D, Cockton G, Shackel B. Interactive scientific visualization: an assessment of a virtual reality system. Proceedings of INTERACT 1990; 741?745"},{"key":"CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwata H, Fujii T. Virtual perambulator: a novel interface device for locomotion in virtual environment. Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1996; 60?65","DOI":"10.1109\/VRAIS.1996.490511"},{"issue":"3","key":"CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1145\/210079.210084","volume":"2","author":"M Slater","year":"1995","unstructured":"Slater M, Usoh M, Steed A. Taking steps: the influence of a walking metaphor on presence in virtual reality, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 1995; 2(3): 201?219","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction"},{"key":"CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanney K. Realizing the full potential of virtual reality: human factors issues that could stand in the way. Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1995; 28?34","DOI":"10.1109\/VRAIS.1995.512476"},{"key":"CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowman D, Koller D, Hodges L. Travel in immersive virtual environments: an evaluation of viewpoint motion control techniques. Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1997; 45?52","DOI":"10.1109\/VRAIS.1997.583043"},{"key":"CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chin J, Diehl V, Norman K. Development of an instrument measuring user satisfaction of the human-computer interface. Proceedings of CHI 1988; 213?218","DOI":"10.1145\/57167.57203"},{"issue":"3","key":"CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0303_3","volume":"3","author":"R Kennedy","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kennedy R, Lane N, Berbaum K, Lilienthal M. A simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ): A new method for quantifying simulator sickness. International Journal of Aviation Psychology 1993; 3(3):203?220","journal-title":"International Journal of Aviation Psychology"},{"key":"CR26","volume-title":"User models in dialog systems","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kobsa A, Wahlster W (eds) User models in dialog systems. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York 1989"},{"key":"CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowman D, Hodges L. An evaluation of techniques for grabbing and manipulating remote objects in immersive virtual environments. Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics 1997; 35?38","DOI":"10.1145\/253284.253301"},{"key":"CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poupyrev I, Billinghurst M, Weghorst S, Ichikawa T. The go-go interaction technique: non-linear mapping for direct manipulation in VR. Proceedings of the Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology 1996; 79?80","DOI":"10.1145\/237091.237102"},{"issue":"4","key":"CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1145\/198425.198426","volume":"1","author":"C Ware","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ware C, Balakrishnan R. Reaching for objects in VR displays: lag and frame rate. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 1994; 1(4): 331?356","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction"},{"issue":"2","key":"CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1994.3.2.145","volume":"3","author":"D Lampton","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lampton D, Knerr B, Goldberg S, Bliss J, Moshell J, Blau B. The virtual environment performance assessment battery (VEPAB): development and evaluation. Presence 1994; 3(2): 145?157","journal-title":"Presence"},{"key":"CR31","unstructured":"Brooks F. et al. Final technical report: Walkthrough Project. Report to National Science Foundation 1992"},{"issue":"4","key":"CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/38.391481","volume":"15","author":"J Bolter","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bolter J, Hodges L, Meyer T, Nichols A. Integrating perceptual and symbolic information in VR. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 1995; 15(4): 8?11","journal-title":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications"},{"key":"CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tate D, Sibert L, King T. Virtual environments for shipboard firefighting training. Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1997; 61?68","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA606249"},{"key":"CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allison D, Wills B, Hodges L, Wineman J. Gorillas in the bits. Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1997; 69?76","DOI":"10.1109\/VRAIS.1997.583046"},{"issue":"2","key":"CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043158","volume":"63","author":"G Miller","year":"1956","unstructured":"Miller G. The magical number seven plus or minus two some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review 1956; 63(2): 81?97","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1983.0057","volume":"302","author":"A Baddeley","year":"1983","unstructured":"Baddeley A. Working memory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 1983; 302: 311?324","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B"}],"container-title":["Virtual Reality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01417673.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF01417673\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF01417673","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T19:16:02Z","timestamp":1735586162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF01417673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]}},"alternative-id":["BF01417673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01417673","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-4338","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-9957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]}}}