{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T05:38:38Z","timestamp":1774417118526,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,6,1]],"date-time":"1991-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":675734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Form. Asp. Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We describe an axiom system ACP\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sub>\n            that incorporates real timed actions. Many examples are provided in order to explain the intuitive contents of the notation. ACP\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sub>\n            is a generalisation of ACP. This implies that some of the axioms have to be relaxed and that ACP can be recovered as a special case from it. The purpose of ACP\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sub>\n            is to serve as a specification language for real time systems. The axioms of ACP\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sub>\n            explain its operational meaning in an algebraic form.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01898401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,5]],"date-time":"2005-07-05T14:22:40Z","timestamp":1120573360000},"page":"142-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["Real time process algebra"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"J. C. M.","family":"Baeten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Technology, CWI, 1009, AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Bergstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programming Research Group, University of Amsterdam, 1009, DB Amsterdam"},{"name":"Department of Philosophy, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"320","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1_2","unstructured":"Bacten J. C. M. and Bergstra J. A.: Real Space Process Algebra report P9005 Programming Research Group University of Amsterdam 1990."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3975(87)90052-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(84)80025-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_4_2","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Mathematics and Computer Science II","author":"Bergstra J. A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_5_2","volume-title":"An Introduction to Timed CSP, report PRG-75","author":"Davies J.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerth R. and Boucher A.: A Timed Failures Model for Extended Communicating Processes. In: Proc. 14th ICALP Karlsruhe Th. Ottmann (ed.) pp. 95\u2013114 Springer LNCS 267 1987.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-18088-5_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glabbeek R. J. van and Vaandrager F. W.: Petri Net Models for Algebraic Theories of Concurrency (Extended Abstract). Proc. PARLE Vol. II J. W. de Bakker A. J. Nijman and P. C. Treleaven (eds) Springer LNCS 259 1987 pp. 224\u2013242.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-17945-3_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_8_2","volume-title":"Transition System Specifications with Negative Premises, report CS-R8950","author":"Groote J. F.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_9_2","volume-title":"Specification and Verification of Real Time Systems in ACP, report CS-R9015","author":"Groote J. F.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/12868.12870"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-5401(88)90020-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milner R.: A Calculus of Communicating Systems Springer LNCS 92 1980.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-10235-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moller F. and Tofts C: A Temporal Calculus of Communicating Systems. In: Proc. CONCUR 90 Amsterdam J. C. M. Baeten and J. W. Klop (eds) pp. 401\u2013415 Springer LNCS 458 1990.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0039073"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_14_2","unstructured":"Nicollin X. Richier J.-L. Sifakis J. and Voiron J.: ATP: an Algebra for Timed Processes report RT-C16 Project Spectre IMAG 1990. In: Proc. IFIP Conf. Progr. Concepts and Methods Sea of Gallilee 1990 (to appear)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_15_2","unstructured":"Reed G. M.: A Hierarchy of Domains for Real-Time Distributed Computing. In: Proc. MFPLS '89 (to appear)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3975(88)90030-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reed G. M. and Roscoe A. W.: Metric Spaces as Models for Real-Time Concurrency. In: Proc. MFPLS '87 Springer LNCS 298 1988.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-19020-1_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_18_2","unstructured":"Tanenbaum A. S.: Computer Networks Prentice Hall International 1981."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_19_2","unstructured":"Vaandrager F. 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